Basic Finance
1. Objective of Financial Mgt.
2. Accounts Receivable
3. Profitability
4. Inventory & Investment
THE AGENDA
The Objective of Financial Management
Maximize Shareholder
Wealth by
Maximize Firm Value
Optimized Return
Stock Price
Sustainable & Future Growth
The Objective of Financial Management
Optimized Return
Stock Price
Future Growth
Optimized Business Activity
The Objective of Financial Management
Almost All Business Activity
Have Financial Impact
Affected : Return, Stock Value, Sustainability
Reflected : Company’s Fin. Stt.
Revenue
Cost + OpEx
IFO
Bad Dept
Loss
Net Income
ILLUSTRATION OF UNCOLLECTABLE
Sales
A
100
90
10
10
0
Sales
B
50
45
5
0
5
Quantity Turn Over (Collection
Period)
Quality A/R Over 90 Days (%)
HOW TO MEASURE A/R PERFORMANCE?
Collection
Period:
Outstanding
A/R
Revenue
Act
Plan
53.5 D 55
D
A/R Over 60
Days:
A/R Over 60 D
Revenue
2.6%
2%
LOSSOF BAD DEBT
• Financial Cost
• Cash Flow
To Financing : ~ Importation
~ Operating Expenses
~ Capital Expenditures
• A/R Write Off
CAUSE OF BAD DEBT
• Tidak terambilnya bukti potong pajak
• Selisih Kurs
• Kontrak tidak valid
• Proyek selesai / pelanggan bangkrut
• Kesalahan proyeksi bisnis pelanggan
• Mesin terlambat ditarik
• Keterlambatan mengambil meter
• Tidak ada itikad baik pelanggan
• Manipulasi
BILLING PROCESS
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
No Activity PIC 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 Meter Collection Courier
2 Meter Entry Courier
3 Billing Process Billing
4 Distribution Courier
FINA POLICY ON A/R
1. Cash First Priority
Cash first priority is to support weakening cash inflow and
financing digitization
2. Financing
Leasing
Untuk men-support penjualan ORS secara cash basis dimana
cutomer mengalami kesulitan pendanaan, direkomendasikan
pembiayaan melalui leasing dan dikoordinir oleh FINA
FINA POLICY ON A/R
2. Financing
Credit SAles
Penjualan secara credit dilakukan secara case by case dengan
persetujuan FINA dengan persyaratan umum:
• Dilakukan apabila pembiayaan melalui leasing tidak
memungkinkan
• Down payment minimal 40% dari harga jual sebelum pajak
• Term of payment maksimal 6 bulan
• Tingkat bunga yang digunakan mengacu pada bunga pasar
• Diatur dalam kontrak yang jelas dan berkekuatan hukum
PROFITABILITY
Profit
&
loss
statement
Revenue
COGS
Gross Profit
Operating Exp.
Operating Profit
Other
Charge/Inc.
Profit Before
TAX
-
-
+
-
Depreciation = EBITDA
COST DEFINITION
1. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
• Fixes Cost: Total Amount doesn’t change as
activity change
• Variable Cost: Total Amount changes in proportion to
change in the level of activity
2. Operating Expenses (OPEX)
• Fixes expences: Total Amount doesn’t change as activity
change
• Variable Cost: Total Amount changes in proportion to
change in the level of activity
Most COGS directly related to the each product/project, so it can be changed to the
project, eq: Material Cost
Some expenses are overhead and common expenses that can be changed directly to
the product/project, eq: IT system, Communication System, Management Cost.
COST DEFINITION
3. Financial Cost (Cost of Fund)
Cost of fund (or other kind of capital) that used in company’s
investing and operating activity
Source of Fund:
• Loan from Creditor  Cost of debt
• Shareholder’s Equity  Cost of Equity
• Capital Stock
• Retained Earning
Financing :
Amount of capital used x Cost of debt & equity
EBITDA reflect operational Cash generated by
company’s Operating Activity.
EBITDA
• In cash flow view, company’s activity calssified into there:
 Operating Activity
 EBITDA
• Working Capital
• Investing Activity
• Financing Activity
CPV DECISION
Maximize the profit
By Optimizing …
Cost
Price
Volume
1. Payback Period
2. NPV
3. IRR
CASH FLOW APPROACH:
INVENTORY
EFFECT OF EXCESS STOCK:
1. Financing Cost
2. Carrying Cost
3. Cash Flow
4. Obsolescent
INVESTMENT
Nature of Investment:
1. Big amount of cash outflow
2. Biz. Invesment: long term return
3. Infrastructure & Facilities
4. Depreciation: Cost of Investment
5. EFL: Biggest Investment in Doc. Sol.
INVESTMENT
Source of Fund:
1. Internal Generated Fund : EBITDA
2. Bank Loan
3. Equity
Thank you for your
attention...

Basic Financial management dalam sebuah perusahaan

  • 1.
  • 2.
    1. Objective ofFinancial Mgt. 2. Accounts Receivable 3. Profitability 4. Inventory & Investment THE AGENDA
  • 3.
    The Objective ofFinancial Management Maximize Shareholder Wealth by Maximize Firm Value Optimized Return Stock Price Sustainable & Future Growth
  • 4.
    The Objective ofFinancial Management Optimized Return Stock Price Future Growth Optimized Business Activity
  • 5.
    The Objective ofFinancial Management Almost All Business Activity Have Financial Impact Affected : Return, Stock Value, Sustainability Reflected : Company’s Fin. Stt.
  • 6.
    Revenue Cost + OpEx IFO BadDept Loss Net Income ILLUSTRATION OF UNCOLLECTABLE Sales A 100 90 10 10 0 Sales B 50 45 5 0 5
  • 7.
    Quantity Turn Over(Collection Period) Quality A/R Over 90 Days (%) HOW TO MEASURE A/R PERFORMANCE? Collection Period: Outstanding A/R Revenue Act Plan 53.5 D 55 D A/R Over 60 Days: A/R Over 60 D Revenue 2.6% 2%
  • 8.
    LOSSOF BAD DEBT •Financial Cost • Cash Flow To Financing : ~ Importation ~ Operating Expenses ~ Capital Expenditures • A/R Write Off
  • 9.
    CAUSE OF BADDEBT • Tidak terambilnya bukti potong pajak • Selisih Kurs • Kontrak tidak valid • Proyek selesai / pelanggan bangkrut • Kesalahan proyeksi bisnis pelanggan • Mesin terlambat ditarik • Keterlambatan mengambil meter • Tidak ada itikad baik pelanggan • Manipulasi
  • 10.
    BILLING PROCESS 10 1112 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 No Activity PIC 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 Meter Collection Courier 2 Meter Entry Courier 3 Billing Process Billing 4 Distribution Courier
  • 11.
    FINA POLICY ONA/R 1. Cash First Priority Cash first priority is to support weakening cash inflow and financing digitization 2. Financing Leasing Untuk men-support penjualan ORS secara cash basis dimana cutomer mengalami kesulitan pendanaan, direkomendasikan pembiayaan melalui leasing dan dikoordinir oleh FINA
  • 12.
    FINA POLICY ONA/R 2. Financing Credit SAles Penjualan secara credit dilakukan secara case by case dengan persetujuan FINA dengan persyaratan umum: • Dilakukan apabila pembiayaan melalui leasing tidak memungkinkan • Down payment minimal 40% dari harga jual sebelum pajak • Term of payment maksimal 6 bulan • Tingkat bunga yang digunakan mengacu pada bunga pasar • Diatur dalam kontrak yang jelas dan berkekuatan hukum
  • 13.
    PROFITABILITY Profit & loss statement Revenue COGS Gross Profit Operating Exp. OperatingProfit Other Charge/Inc. Profit Before TAX - - + - Depreciation = EBITDA
  • 14.
    COST DEFINITION 1. Costof Goods Sold (COGS) • Fixes Cost: Total Amount doesn’t change as activity change • Variable Cost: Total Amount changes in proportion to change in the level of activity 2. Operating Expenses (OPEX) • Fixes expences: Total Amount doesn’t change as activity change • Variable Cost: Total Amount changes in proportion to change in the level of activity Most COGS directly related to the each product/project, so it can be changed to the project, eq: Material Cost Some expenses are overhead and common expenses that can be changed directly to the product/project, eq: IT system, Communication System, Management Cost.
  • 15.
    COST DEFINITION 3. FinancialCost (Cost of Fund) Cost of fund (or other kind of capital) that used in company’s investing and operating activity Source of Fund: • Loan from Creditor  Cost of debt • Shareholder’s Equity  Cost of Equity • Capital Stock • Retained Earning Financing : Amount of capital used x Cost of debt & equity
  • 16.
    EBITDA reflect operationalCash generated by company’s Operating Activity. EBITDA • In cash flow view, company’s activity calssified into there:  Operating Activity  EBITDA • Working Capital • Investing Activity • Financing Activity
  • 17.
    CPV DECISION Maximize theprofit By Optimizing … Cost Price Volume
  • 18.
    1. Payback Period 2.NPV 3. IRR CASH FLOW APPROACH:
  • 19.
    INVENTORY EFFECT OF EXCESSSTOCK: 1. Financing Cost 2. Carrying Cost 3. Cash Flow 4. Obsolescent
  • 20.
    INVESTMENT Nature of Investment: 1.Big amount of cash outflow 2. Biz. Invesment: long term return 3. Infrastructure & Facilities 4. Depreciation: Cost of Investment 5. EFL: Biggest Investment in Doc. Sol.
  • 21.
    INVESTMENT Source of Fund: 1.Internal Generated Fund : EBITDA 2. Bank Loan 3. Equity
  • 22.
    Thank you foryour attention...