1. STUDENT’S NAME: AKECH MICHAEL YAKE
REGISTRATION NUMBER: BHND 0920007
COLLEGE / CAMPUS: MILDMAY INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
FACULTY: SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
DEGREE OR OTHER PROGRAMME: BSc. HUMAN NUTRITION AND CLINICAL DIETETICS
COURSE OF ASIGNMENT: BASIC COMPUTER
DATE OF ASIGNMENT: 12/4/2021
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3. What do you understand by computer network??
• computer network: is a group of computers that use a set of common communication
protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or
provided by the network nodes
Define the following in relation to computer network
• Bluetooth technology: Is a short-range wireless communications technology to replace the
cables connecting electronic devices, allowing a person to have a phone conversation via a
headset, use a wireless mouse and synchronize information from a mobile phone to a PC, all
using the same core system
• Ethernet: is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local
area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN)
• Fiber optics: refers to the medium and the technology associated with the transmission of
information as light pulses along a glass or plastic strand or fiber. Fiber optics is used for
long-distance and high-performance data networking
4. Terms cont”
• Router: Is the piece of network hardware that allows communication between your local
home network like your personal computers and other connected devices and the internet.
• A switch: Is a device in a computer network that connects other devices together. Multiple
data cables are plugged into a switch to enable communication between different networked
devices
• A hub: Is a physical layer networking device which is used to connect multiple devices in a
network. They are generally used to connect computers in a LAN
• A modem: Is a small box that connects your devices to the internet using cables
• A codec: Is a device or computer program which encodes or decodes a digital data stream or
signal
• Repeaters: Are network devices operating at physical layer of the model that amplify or
regenerate an incoming signal before retransmitting it
• Infrared (IR): sometimes called infrared light, is electromagnetic radiation (EMR)
with wavelengths longer than those of visible light
5. Terms cont”
• Coaxial cable: is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by an
insulating layer, surrounded by a conductive shielding
• ISP (Internet service provider): company that provides Internet connections and
services to individuals and organizations
• Analog transmission: is a transmission method of conveying information using a
continuous signal which varies in amplitude phase, or some other property in
proportion to that information. It could be the transfer of an analog source signal, using
an analog modulation method such as frequency modulation (FM) or amplitude
modulation (AM), or no modulation at all
6. Differentiate between peer to peer networks
and client-Server networks giving an example in
each case
• A peer-to-peer network: Is one in which two or more PCs share files and access to
devices such as printers without requiring a separate server computer or server
software, while a client-server network: is the medium through which clients access
resources and services from a central computer, via either a local area network (LAN)
or a wide-area network (WAN), such as the Internet
7. Examples of peer to peer network
• Torrent: Torrent is a big example of a P2P network. In torrent, all the
computers are connected to each other on the internet. One computer can
upload any file in the network and other computers start downloading the
files. Also, every computer can upload parts of the file if that computer has
already downloaded some chunks of the file.
• A computer attached to the LAN: In home or in a small office, computers
can make peer to peer network with each other and share data and resources
with each other.
8. Examples of client server’s networks
• Web Servers – Web server likes as high performance computer system that can host multiples
websites. On this server, to install different types of web server software’s like as Apache or
Microsoft, which delivers access to hosted several websites on the internet, and these servers are
linked with internet through higher speed connection that delivers ultra-data transmission rates.
• Mail Servers – Email servers helps to send and receive all emails. Some software’s are run on
the mail server which allow administrator to create and handle all email accounts for any domain
that is hosted on the server. Mail servers use some protocols for sending and receiving emails
such as SMTP, IMAP, and POP3. SMTP protocol helps to fire messages and manages all
outgoing email requests. IMAP and POP3 help to receive all messages and handle all incoming
mails.
• File Servers – File server is dedicated systems that allow users to access for all files. It works like
as centralized file storage location, and it can be accessed by several terminal systems.
• DNS – DNS stands for “Domain Name Server “, and it has huge database of different types
of public IP addresses, and they link with their hostnames. These types of server help to deliver
all resources (like as files, directories, shared devices such as applications and printers) to client
terminal like as PCs, smart phones, PDAs, laptops, tablets etc.
9. Write brief notes on the following terms stating
the geographical area spanned in each case
• LAN: The term Local Area Network, refers to a small network that, at most, spans an area (end-
to-end) in the range of tens of kilometers. Usually a LAN is contained in one office, one
campus, or one building
• PAN: A Personal Area Network, is smallest network which is very personal to a user. This may
include Bluetooth enabled devices or infra-red enabled devices. PAN has connectivity range up
to 10 meters. PAN may include wireless computer keyboard and mouse, Bluetooth enabled
headphones, wireless printers, and TV remotes.
• MAN: A Metropolitan Area Network, is a class of network which serves a large geographical
area between 5 to 50 kilometers in range. This geographical area can include several buildings,
such as a college campus, sometimes referred to as a campus network, or an area as large as a city
(metropolitan area)
• WAN: A Wide Area Network, provides coverage far greater than a MAN is capable of providing
is can spanned a region, country or globe
11. Elements of communication
Communication process as such must be considered a continuous and dynamic inter-action, both affecting
and being affected by many variables.
Sender:
The person who intends to convey the message with the intention of passing information and ideas to
others is known as sender or communicator.
Ideas:
This is the subject matter of the communication. This may be an opinion, attitude, feelings, views, orders,
or suggestions.
Encoding:
Since the subject matter of communication is theoretical and intangible, its further passing requires use of
certain symbols such as words, actions or pictures etc. Conversion of subject matter into these symbols is
the process of encoding.
Communication Channel:
The person who is interested in communicating has to choose the channel for sending the required
information, ideas etc. This information is transmitted to the receiver through certain channels which may
be either formal or informal.
12. Elements of communication
Receiver:
Receiver is the person who receives the message or for whom the message is meant for. It
is the receiver who tries to understand the message in the best possible manner in achieving
the desired objectives.
Decoding:
The person who receives the message or symbol from the communicator tries to convert
the same in such a way so that he may extract its meaning to his complete understanding.
Feedback:
Feedback is the process of ensuring that the receiver has received the message and
understood in the same sense as sender meant it.
