A Presentation on Internet

1. GOOD MORNING EVERYONE

2. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS
1103
Our Honorable Course Mentor
Md. Shahidullah kayser
Assistant Professor
Department of Finance
Jagannath University

3. This presentation was created & presenting by
Group ten
Name of Student ID
Md. Ashraful Islam B210203064
Sagor Datta B210203030
Md. Jibon B210203090
Abed Sobhan B210203018
Sujit Das B210203093
Md. Nafiz Uddin B210203071
Md. Seyam Hossain B210203020
Md. Tarikul Islam Sifat B210203097
Fazleo Rabbi B200203075
Md. Amirul Islam B210203079

4. Communications concept
Computer communications describes a process in which
two or more computers or devices transfer data,
instructions, and information.
Communication hardware and software allow computers to
communicate with other computers.
There are two types of communication, point to point
communication and network communication.

5. Communications Hardware
Communication hardware refers to the physical
components or devices that are used to transmit and
receive information.
Communications Channel
Communications Channel
A communications channel is the link over which data is
transmitted.
Data is transmitted as bits. The bits are grouped to form
bytes
Signal type Data Rate
Communications Processors

6. Signal Type
Bits can send as either a
digital signal or an analog
signal.
A digital signal is one that
transmit bits as high and
low pulses.
An analog signals
transmits data as a wave
pattern.
Data Rate
Data rate is measured in bits
per second (bps).
Sometimes the term baud
rate is used to express the
data rate.
The term bandwidth is
also used when discussing
data rare.

7. Communication Channel Media
Fiber-optic Cables
• A fiber-optic cable consists of bundles of glass or plastic
fibers. Each fiber is 1/2000 inch thick-about the size of a
human hair.
• Data can ne transmitted at a very fast rate .
• For long-distance communications, fiber-optic cables are
preferred.

8. Communication Channel Media
Microwave communication
• Microwaves are special types of radio signals that are sent
from one microwave antenna to another.
• Microwave systems is very expensive and they can
transmit data very rapidly.
• Two types of microwave systems are used In microwave
communication. One is a land-based system and the other
is satellite based.

9. Communications Processors
Communications processors provides processing capabilities
between the computer and the channel.
• Channel interface card
• Communications control units
Channel Interface device Communications Control Units
A channel interface device provides the
connection between the computer and the
channel
• Modems, which connect analog lines,
perform modulation and demodulation
• Terminal adapters, which connect
digital lines such as ISDN and DSL lines
to computers.
Communications control units allow
several computers to share a channel
• Controller allow several devices to
communicate over a channel by storing
signals.
• Front-end processor, which handles
communications control.

10. Communications Protocols
Communications protocols refer to a set of rules and
standards that define how data is transmitted and
received between two or more devices over a
network.
• The protocols states what language will be used in
the communication.
• The protocols also states what signal start and end
the communication.
If two computers with incompatible protocols are to
communicate then a protocol converter is needed.

11. Communications security
• Lack of security is one problem with data
communications. It is sometimes possible to
tap into a communications channel and
intercept the data sent over it.
• One way of solving this problem is to code
the data in an unintelligible form before it is
transmitted, a process called data encryption.

12. Personal Computer
Communications software
A personal computer can be used in two ways,
as a terminal and as a client computer.
Terminal emulation software
is needed to use a personal
computer as a terminal.
Client software is needed to
use a personal computer as a
client computer.
Because of this software the
other computer thinks it is
communicating with a
terminal, not with another
computer.
This software involves
personal computer as a client
computer which can receives
data from the server.
Personal computer communications software often
provides file transfer capability.

13. Multiple-user Computer
Communications software
Provides the ability for minicomputers and mainframe
computers to communicate with many terminals.
The telecommunications monitor also provides security.
Sometimes this types of software is called
telecommunications monitor.
This type of software keeps records of which terminal sent
which data and where to send the result of processing.

14. Star Network
• Each node is connected to a central computer node.
• One advantage is that the distance that data has to travel is
short.
• The main disadvantage is that if the central computer fails,
the entire network function.
Hierarchical Network
• Consists of nodes organized like a family tree.
• One advantage is that if one nodes fail, it does not mean
the entire network cannot function.
• Data may have to travel a greater distance .

15. Bus Network
• Each node is connected to a single, common
communications channel called a bus .
• This network is very reliable because there is no center
computer.
• Communications speed can be slower compared to other
types of networks.
Ring Network
• Consists of nodes connected to form a loop.
• Data travels from node to node in the ring, usually in one
direction.
• Most ring networks are reliable and slower like a bus
network .

16. Local Area Network
A LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that
covers a small geographic area.
Usually organized as a bus or ring network.
Use coaxial, twisted-pair or fiber optic cable.
A LAN may contain several servers.
A network interface device is needed to connect
to the LAN channel.
A server computer in a LAN needs a network
operating system.

17. Business Uses of LANs
Centralized control
Increased productivity
Security
A LAN provides convenient
information sharing.
LANs are a cost-effective and efficient way
for businesses to improve communication
and collaboration.

18. Wide Area Network
A WAN ( Wide Area Network) is a network that
covers a large geographic area
Usually organized as a star or hierarchical
network
WANs can use any channel media, including
fiber-optic cable and microwaves.
WANs often include many different types of
computers.
WANs may use private or public
communications system.

19. Business Uses of WANs
Allow easy sharing of information.
Make global connectivity.
Used for client/server computing.
WANs provides long distance remote access to
information and resources for processing.
WANs are crucial for businesses to
connect their geographically dispersed
offices.

20. The Internet
The Internet is a public, international
collection of interconnected WANs and
LANs that provides a number of
special services, including Electronic
Mail and the World Wide Web.
The Internet is a part of the Information
Superhighway.

21. Internet Communication
Computers in the network must use protocols for
communications in order for the internet to function.
The Internet uses two protocols
The Internet is not just one network, but many
networks connected together.
Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP)
Using these protocols any computer connected to the
internet can communicate with other computer.

22. Internet Services
Electronic Mail (email):
Any user of the Internet can send electronic mail
(email) to any other user of the Internet.
World Wide Web (WWW):
Usually just called the Web, provides easy access to
many types of information found on the Internet.
The Web is a hypertext system.
A Web page is identified by a Uniform Resource
Locator (URL).

23. Other services of Internet
Telnet
UseNet or NetNews
Gopher
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Chats

24. Intranet
An Intranet is an Internet-type network
that is contained entirely within a
business.
Users outside a business cannot access
the business‘s intranet. To prevent such
access, a hardware and software system
called a Firewall is used.
Extranet
An Extranet is an intranet that is
accessible from outside the business by
certain companies and individuals.
To get access through the Firewall
businesses provide codes or passwords
for certain companies or individuals.

25. Electronic Commerce
Electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods, over
an electronic network, primarily the internet
Establish a website.
Website has the information of products.
Connected through a LAN to database.
Contains data of business products.
Customers connects with the business server.

26. How customer can use E-Commerce
A customer engages in e-commerce through a browser.
The customer enters the URL of the business home page.
Customer can check the availability or price data.
To purchase a product, the customer fills in an order form.
The purchasing process requires special security measures.
After the payment process,order will be confirm.

27. Any Questions….?

28. Thank You