Learn how to do literature survey for research, source for literature

1. Literature Survey
RISET TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI

2. Efesus 2 : 10
Karena kita ini buatan Allah, diciptakandalam
Kristus Yesus untuk melakukan pekerjaan
baik, yang dipersiapkan Allah .

3. Literature Survey
The most important preliminary task to undertake a research study is to pursue the
existing literature available in the field of interest.
The survey of literature and review of literature is an integral part of the research to
acquaint with the existing knowledge or material available in the area of interest.
Literature survey means penetrating through the available literature in the selected
area of research, whereas, literature review involves assessment and examination of
the reported contributions/findings.
Recording, summarizing and evaluating the existing findings and being able to
provide expert judgment of the methods and finding is also called as literature
review.

4. A literature survey can be divided into three parts
• Searching of the literature in the area of interest
• Collection/acquisition of literature or data
• Critical study of literature/review of literature in the area
of interest

5. Need for Background Research
Study Background (1/2)
• Why you need to pursue research in the selected area?
• How are you going to pursue the research?
• What are the constraints of pursuing the research?
• Which laboratory is to be used for experimentation?
• Is the topic latest or demanding?
• Which is the best method for the experimentation?

6. Need for Background Research
Study Background (1/2)
• What are the limitations of existing technique?
• Is the research topic feasible?
• Does the research/problem statement have substantial research component?
• Is there any social use for the selected topic?
• Does it harm the society?
• Is there any parallel research being pursued by another person in the selected
area?

8. Evaluating Journal Papers
Source of the journal
Date of publications
Usefulness of the journal
Citations
Scopus/Sinta/SSCI/SCI

9. How to Read a Scientific Paper, White
Paper, and Patent Scientific
• What has already been discovered in research domain?
• What questions remain unanswered?
• How the experiments are conducted?
• What is the time duration to conduct that experiment?
• Which tools/equipment’s needed to conduct the
experiment?
• Details about how to perform the experiments?

10. Research Paper Section
• title
• abstract
• introduction
• literature survey
• methodology
• block schematic
• hardware and software used
• experimentation
• results
• discussions and conclusion
• future scope
• references

11. Reading Abstract
reading of the abstract gives you the overall idea of the research
paper
Abstract highlights the main problems of authors investigated as a
research domain.
provides the key points or important results and observations from
the experimentation.
gives the overview of authors’ conclusion and discussions.

12. Reading Introduction
Background information about research paper is given in the
introduction part of the research paper.
It sets the background for the research work to be carried out.
The introduction part is based on the citations and can be used by
the researcher for additional background reading.
The introduction gives the basic idea and significance of the topic.

13. Reading Literature Survey and
Noting Some Important Points
A literature survey gives the idea about the
research work about the other authors/
researchers have already carried out.

14. How to Read Primary Research
Article
Abstract include the summary of the entire research paper.
Generally experienced scientist avoids, reading the abstract
at the start.
The following steps are used to read a primary research
article.

15. Identification of important
questions
“What is the problem solved in this research?”
“What are the methods/techniques used to
solve the research problem?”

16. Summarize the background in
less sentences
• What work has been done in this area of research to
answer the important questions?
• What are the weaknesses/limitations of this work?
• What is the future scope, to overcome the limitations?
• Why this research is done/What is the motivation behind
the research work?

17. Study the Approach and
Methodology Used in the Paper
The methodology used in the paper is the methodology
followed for the experimentation. This methodology need
to be studied for getting the correct results. We need to
draw the diagram for each experiment. It shows exactly,
what the authors did. We need to include maximum details
in order to understand the work done.

18. Draw Conclusion from the Results
Section
Note down the results given by the authors. Whatever results given
by the authors, we need to note down. Study those results and write
some sentences in order to understand the meaning of results. In
research articles, the results are summarized in figures, tables and
graphs. We need to study those graphs and figures carefully. In most
of the research articles, comparison of different techniques and
results obtained are given in graphical form. It makes easier for the
authors to represent their results. We need to draw our conclusion
from those results.

19. Study Dataset Used by Authors
The results are obtained based on the database/dataset provided.
The number of samples of dataset decides the effectiveness of the
algorithm/methodology provided. Complexity of the dataset decides
the robustness of the algorithm. Study the dataset set in detail.
What are the challenges involved in the dataset. It decides the
execution of the algorithm. We can use the same dataset, as the test
dataset for executing our own algorithm

20. Carefully Read Discussion/
Conclusion/Interpretation Section
The opinions of the authors based on the results are given in the
discussion and conclusion section. Whether the results obtained are
correct or incorrect are justified in the discussion section. Any
weaknesses/limitations identified in the research area are given in
the conclusion section. In interpretation of results, the advantages
and disadvantages are discussed and based on that the conclusion is
drawn.

21. Now Read the Abstract
After reading the whole paper, it is time to read the abstract. In the
abstract, one need to check whatever the contents given in the
paper matches with the abstract or not? Does the abstract also
reflect in the conclusion section of the paper. List out the opinion of
the other researchers about the paper. In order to continue your
research in same domain, opinion of the research paper given by
other researchers is important

22. Recording and Summarizing the
Findings of Literature Survey
Summarizing the key points from the literature
 Searching of accurate, reliable, and latest information on the research topic or
subject
 Listing the ideas and concepts into a summary of what is known
 Synthesizing, discussing and evaluating these ideas and concepts
 Criticising and identifying the particular area for debate or controversy
 Preparation of mind-set of the researcher and relevant resources for the
application of these ideas for new research to be proposed

23. Writing Literature Review (1/3)
• Claims should be supported with evidence: whatever the claim given
in the literature review, it should be supported with the proper
evidences. You should be careful while interpreting the evidence
• Keywords from the literature: From each literature survey, only
selected points should be considered. Use your judgment to identify
what is important and what is secondary from the literature

24. Writing Literature Review (2/3)
• Summary from the literature: Your own words should be
used to summarize the finding from the literature
• Arguments should be presented with evidence: Use your
own thinking and voice with a clear-cut argument.
Arguments should be supported with evidence

25. Writing Literature Review (3/3)
• Avoid too much I/we language: It is better to avoid too
much I/we language. Use more indirect language such as “It
is observed from the results,” “It could be concluded that,”
and so on
• Revision of drafting: Revise, refine, and edit the drafting,
number of times. Grammar and spelling should be checked
number of times. Fluency of language should be checked as
well as the references that you have used

27. Formulation of the Problem
Statement (1/2)
Every problem statement should have following characteristics:
• Known fact: Problem statement should be based on some already
known fact which can be used to introduce the topic
• Gap: It should identify gap from the current solution
• Appealing: Interest of the Researcher should be preserved
• Exploratory: can be investigated through the collection and
analysis of data

28. Formulation of the Problem
Statement (2/2)
Every problem statement should have following characteristics:
• Noteworthy: It should contribute for the improvement in the research subject
• Feasible: It should fit the researcher’s level of research skills, available resources,
and time restrictions
• Ethical: Solution proposed should be ethical and should not harm anybody
• Challenging: Problem statement should be challenging
• Clarity: Problem statement should be clear cut defined

29. Definition of Research Problem (1/2)
Usually a research problem does exist for the following conditions:
• Individual or a group has some difficulty or the problem
• Objective(s)/outcome(s) to be attained. If there is no
objective/outcome, one cannot have a research problem
• There must be alternative methods/means for achieving the
objective(s). At least two methods must be available to a researcher
for finding the solution

30. Definition of Research Problem (2/2)
Usually a research problem does exist for the following conditions:
• Some doubt must remain in the mind of a researcher while selecting the
alternatives. It means that the Researcher must answer some questions concerning
the relative efficiency of the possible alternatives
• Based on the environmental conditions, the difficulty varies. With different
environmental conditions, difficulty level also changes
• What type of input or database used to check the desired outcome

31. Points should be considered in
selecting the research problem:
• Too narrow or too vague statements for the research problem should be avoided
• Researchers should avoid the selection of controversial subjects for the research problem
• Research subjects that are done by a number of researchers generally avoided for the
selection of research problem
• The research problem should be feasible for experimentation/implementation
• Sufficient numbers of publications/materials should be available for finding the
limitations/weaknesses of the subject
• The researcher’s qualification, the importance of the subject, costs involved for
experimentation and time factors should be considered

32. Sequence for the Selection of
Problem Statement

33. The problem statement should
have the following characteristics:
• The problem statement should be based on factual evidence
• The problem statement should be meaningful and testable
• It should be relevant and meaningful
• It should reflect the need for the society
• The problem statement should include research component
• The problem specified in the problem statement should be solvable,
achievable and measurable

34. How to Define a Problem
Statement
• Write different statements, related to the problem. Compare each statement, looking for
common things and working
• After comparing different statements, write an improved statement related to the common
theme
• Ensure that the problem should reflect social approach or some needy solution.
• Also, ensure that the problem focuses existing problem in the research domain/ subject
• Include time frame over which the problem has been occurring
• Quantify the problem • One should be able to ask the question related to the problem (why
and how?)
• Problem statement should be defined as you start reading the literature root level

35. Review the Problem Statements
Based On
• It should focus on only one problem
• It should not be more than two statements
• The problem statement should not suggest the solution