Edd

1. Schlumberger-Private
B47AD
Foundation Engineering B
Introduction to Bioprocessing for Chemical Engineers
© Heriot-Watt University 1
B47AD Oct 2016 v4

2. Schlumberger-Private
Introduction Lecture
• Senior HSE Advisor, Schlumberger Azerbaijan & Georgia
• Lecturer in FEB in BHOS since 2018
• Graduated with honours from Bachelor's & Masters Degree
• Certified trainer for
 Environmental Safety L2
 Hazardous Materials L2
 Injury Prevention
 Newcomers Training
 Spill Response Training
 Waste Management
• Qualification
 NEBOSH
 H2S Safety
 Firs Aid L2
 KCA Deutag Training Instructor L2
B47AD Oct 2016 v4 © Heriot-Watt University 2

3. What?
© Heriot-Watt University 3
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TAXONOMY
BIOCHEMISTRY
CELL BIOLOGY
MICROORGANISMS
CELL MEMBRANE
OSMOLARITY
ENZYMES
METABOLISM
BIOTECHNOLOGY/
BIOPROCESSING

4. How?
Coursework (45%)
Exam (55%)
Recommended reading:
Study Guide (on Vision)
The Cell: A molecular approach ; Cooper and Hausman; 6th Ed.
Biology; Campbell, Reece and Mitchell; 5th Ed.
Chemistry; Blackman, Bottle, Schmid, Mocerino, Wille, 2nd Ed.
Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Pauline M. Doran
© Heriot-Watt University 4
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5. Schlumberger-Private
17 Lectures Weeks 1 - 12 Wednesday, 13.00-15.00
Tutorials Friday 13.00-15.00
6 Course work 45% of final mark
1 Final exam 55% of final mark
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How?

6. Schlumberger-Private
How is the course assessed?
55% final exam – past papers available in LMS
2 tutorials/workshops at the end of the course (exam format
questions to be attempted before the tutorial session) – serve as
revision classes
45% coursework
Set of questions after each subtopic (2-3 lectures)
6 subtopics so each set worth 7.5% of total mark
PEER MARKING (within small groups in a lecture; discuss answers)
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7. Schlumberger-Private
Our Expectations
At end of each lecture collect a handout for the next lecture (these will
also be available on Vision)
Outline the required pre-reading and pre-lecture questions, the aims of
the session and after lecture work
Lectures will include aspects of group work, questionnaires, tutorial style
working through questions
Expectations: DO THE READING AND QUESTIONS, ENGAGE WITH THE LECTURE
ACTIVITIES, PROFESSIONAL IN WORKING WITH OTHERS AND IN GIVING
FEEDBACK ON OTHERS WORK
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8. Schlumberger-Private
Your Expectations
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9. In bioprocessing living organisms and components thereof are
used to manufacture useful products or solve problems
Bioprocessing
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10. Schlumberger-Private
PATHOGEN MONITORING – concentration, separation
and detection
MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS
B47AD Oct 2016 v4 © Heriot-Watt University 10

11. Why do we need to learn about it?
• Many chemicals are produced for biological effects (e.g. antibiotics
and pharmaceuticals).
• Many compounds are produced by biological agents
• Biological materials form a large proportion of industrial chemicals
(e.g. enzymes)
• For reasons of Sustainability – biological materials are renewable
resources
• For Environmental Reasons - toxicology, waste water treatment,
bioremediation
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12. Products from bioprocessing
Treated wastewater
Products Proteins from mammalian cell culture
Vitamin B12
Penicillin
Baker’s yeast
Price per tonne (US$, 1993)
100,000,000
1,000,000
10,000
100
1
Complexity of bioprocessing
© Heriot-Watt University 12
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13. Schlumberger-Private
Enabling Bioprospecting:
Solving Antibiotic Resistance
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14. Schlumberger-Private
Wastewater Treatment
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15. Schlumberger-Private
Food Production
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16. Schlumberger-Private
Food
Production
Water + Fat + Protein (Casein) +
Sugar (lactose)
DNA from dairy cows
Insert it into yeast
Culture the yeast in bioreactor
In a few days harvest the milk
Similar process to create artificial
meat
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17. Schlumberger-Private
Biomedical
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18. Schlumberger-Private
Bioremediation for marine oil spills can be approached in two different
ways depending on the case:
1) Biostimulation which involves adding supplemental nutrients to the
affected site to aid the existing oil degrading microorganisms.
2) Bioaugmentation which involves introducing oil degrading,
microorganisms to the affected site.
• type and concentration of oil
• climatic conditions
• conditions in the area
(waves, tides, currents)
• nutrient content (e.g., nitrogen,
phosphorus, and oxygen)
• pH of the water
Bioremediation
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19. Schlumberger-Private
http://www.ted.com/talks/magnus_larsson_turning_dunes_into_architecture.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXMJobWlXks
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20. Bioprocessing
has a number of unique features
• Unity of life: all living organisms consist of cells
• All cells have a similar architecture, consist of similar molecules, use
similar manufacturing processes, and use similar instructions
• Cells are able reproduce themselves
• Cells respond to environmental changes
• Cells can grow on a variety of substances
• Production can be done under mild conditions(temperatures, pressures)
• Complex molecules can be produced with high precision and high
specificity
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21. Schlumberger-Private
• Scale up from lab processes to industrial size
• Delivery and even distribution of reagents
• Removal of waste products
• Purification techniques
• Substances and substrates which promote growth
• Maintaining optimum conditions throughout the process
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BioprocessingChallenges:

22. Biology is the study of living systems
An organism is an individual living system (such as an animal, plant,
fungus, or micro-organism).
Some of the characteristics of living systems include:
•Presence of metabolism
•Reproduction
•Differentiation
•Sensing & communication
•Homeostasis- ability to keep conditions constant
(e.g. osmotic pressure)
•Movement
•Evolution
But not all living systems will have these characteristics!
© Heriot-Watt University 22
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23. Schlumberger-Private
All living materials consist of cells
Cells Biology
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24. Schlumberger-Private
© Heriot-Watt University 24
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Discovery of the cell (~1700)
Robert Hooke Image of cork drawn by
Hooke
Further investigations into cell structure had to wait until the
development of better microscopes
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25. Schlumberger-Private
© Heriot-Watt University 25
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The seven points of the cell theory
1. All known living things are constituted of one or more cells.
2. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
3. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living
organisms.
4. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of
independent cells.
5. Metabolism and biochemistry occurs within cells.
6. Cells contain DNA which is found specifically in the chromosome and
RNA found in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm.
7. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms
of similar species.
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