The document outlines the course details for a Bioprocess Engineering course. It includes the course code, title, credit hours, and schedule. It provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in the course, such as bioreactors, fermentation, downstream processing, and metabolic engineering. It also lists the recommended textbooks and describes how students will be evaluated, including assignments, presentations, and class participation.

1. Bioprocess Engineering
Dr. Muhammad Naseem Khan
MSc, MBA, PhD

2. Course Outline
COURSE CODE: BTC-4826
COURSE TITLE: Bioprocess Engineering
CREDIT HOURS: 3 + 0
MARKS: 100
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3. Course Detail
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4. Course Detail
• Overview of Bioprocess Engineer
• Biotechnology and bioprocess
Engineering
• Microbial kinetics during batch,
continuous and fed-batch processes
• The oxygen transfer rate and overall
volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient
• Design of batch thermal
sterilization/Sterilization of air and filter
design
• Fluid Rheology; Classification,
Newtonian & non-Newtonian factors
effecting Kla in Fermentation vessel
• Design of bioreactors, types and
application
• Choosing a cultivation method
• Solid state fermentation methods and
its application
• Metabolic Engineering of Industrial
Microorganisms
• Problem of chemostat with recycle and
fed batch culture
• Mass transfer in Bioreactor
• Bioreactor consideration for animal cell
culture
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5. Recommended
Books
Doran PM, 2012. Bioprocess Engineering
Principles.2nd Edition; Academic Press.
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6. Recommended
Books
McNeil B, 2008. Practical Fermentation
Technology. John Willey & Sons
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7. Recommended
Books
Shuler ML and Kargi F, 2002. Bioprocess
Engineering: Basic concept. Prentice Hall.
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8. Marks Distribution
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9. Google Classroom
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10. Class Participation ( 5 Marks )
• All Students Can Get 5 Marks by Participating in Class and
answering the question on google classroom.
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11. Assignments ( 10 Marks )
• Group Assignment
• Pakistan Based Issues and solution
• Practical approach
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12. Presentations ( 5 Marks )
• Presentation will be start after 2 weeks
• Topic may be current challenges and solution based on
bioprocessing Engineering in Pakistan
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13. Lets Start the Introduction
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14. Overview of Bioprocess
Engineer

15. Introduction
• Definition of Bioprocess Engineering: Bioprocess engineering
is a field that applies engineering principles to design, develop,
and optimize biological processes for producing valuable
products.
• Importance in Biosciences: It plays a vital role in biosciences by
enabling the controlled production of biologically derived
products, from pharmaceuticals to biofuels.
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16. Key Components
• Biological Systems: Bioprocess engineering heavily relies
on biological systems, particularly microorganisms like
bacteria, yeast, fungi, and even viruses.
• Microorganisms: These microscopic organisms are the
workhorses of bioprocesses, and their growth and
metabolism are central to the field.
• Chemical Engineering: Bioprocesses often involve
chemical transformations and unit operations.
• Engineering Design: The discipline focuses on designing
systems and processes that efficiently utilize biological
resources.
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17. Bioprocess Engineering in Biosciences
• Role in Pharmaceutical Research: Bioprocess engineering is
crucial for producing pharmaceuticals like vaccines, antibiotics,
and biologics.
• Applications in Microbiology: It finds applications in
microbiology research, enabling controlled experiments and
the production of microbial products.
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18. Microbial World
• Diversity of Microorganisms: Microorganisms encompass a
wide variety of species with distinct characteristics.
• Types: This includes bacteria, yeast, fungi, and viruses, each
with its unique features and applications.
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19. Microbial Growth
• Factors Influencing Growth: Microbial growth is influenced by
factors such as temperature, pH, nutrients, and oxygen
availability.
• Exponential Growth Curve: Microbial populations typically
grow exponentially when conditions are favorable.
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20. Microbial Metabolism
• Energy Production: Microorganisms generate energy through
various metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and respiration.
• Metabolic Pathways: These are complex sets of chemical
reactions that enable microorganisms to synthesize cellular
components and produce useful compounds.
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21. Fermentation
• Definition: Fermentation is a biological process that converts
raw materials into valuable products using microorganisms.
• Importance in Bioprocesses: It is a key process in bioprocess
engineering, used for producing a wide range of products,
including food, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels.
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22. Fermentation Microorganisms
• Selection Criteria: Choosing the right microorganism is crucial,
as different organisms have distinct characteristics and
abilities.
• Examples: Common examples include Escherichia coli (E. coli)
for biopharmaceuticals and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for
ethanol production.
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23. Bioreactors
• Definition: Bioreactors are specialized vessels designed to
provide a controlled environment for microbial growth and
product formation.
• Types: Various types of bioreactors, including stirred-tank,
packed bed, and airlift reactors, are used depending on the
application.
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24. Bioreactor Components
• Impellers: These mechanical devices ensure
even mixing of nutrients and oxygen in the
bioreactor.
• Sensors: Instruments for monitoring parameters
like temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen.
• Control Systems: Automated systems maintain
optimal conditions inside the bioreactor.
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25. Sterilization
• Importance in Bioprocesses: Sterilization ensures that the
bioreactor and culture medium are free from contaminants.
• Methods: Common methods include autoclaving and filtration
to maintain a sterile environment.
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26. Media Formulation
• Composition: The culture medium contains nutrients essential
for microbial growth, including carbon sources, nitrogen
sources, minerals, and vitamins.
• Optimization for Microbial Growth: Formulating the medium
optimally is critical for achieving high yields of desired
products.
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27. Aseptic Techniques
• Maintaining Sterility: Aseptic techniques are used to prevent
contamination during the handling of microorganisms and
equipment.
• Importance in Bioprocessing: Maintaining sterility is crucial to
ensuring the success of bioprocesses.
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28. Downstream Processing
• Separation and Purification: After fermentation, downstream
processing techniques like centrifugation and filtration are
used to separate and purify the desired product from the
microbial culture.
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29. Scale-Up and Scale-Down
• Challenges in Scaling: Transitioning from laboratory-scale to
industrial-scale bioprocesses poses challenges related to
equipment, efficiency, and cost.
• Laboratory to Industrial Scale: Scaling up is essential for
commercial production, while scale-down techniques are
useful for research and process optimization.
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30. Microbial Genetics
• Role in Bioprocess Engineering: Understanding microbial
genetics is vital for modifying and optimizing microorganisms
for specific applications.
• Genetic Modification Techniques: Techniques like recombinant
DNA technology and CRISPR-Cas9 enable genetic engineering
of microorganisms.
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31. Recombinant Microorganisms
• Creating Designer Microbes: Recombinant microorganisms are
engineered to produce specific compounds or proteins.
• Applications in Biosciences: They have diverse applications,
from the production of insulin to biofuel synthesis.
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33. Metabolic Engineering
• Altered Microbial Metabolism: Metabolic engineering involves
modifying microbial metabolism to enhance product yields or
create new products.
• Enhanced Product Yield: It plays a critical role in increasing the
efficiency of bioprocesses.
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34. Bioprocess Monitoring
• Real-time Data Collection: Continuous monitoring of
parameters like biomass, product concentration, and pH
provides crucial data for process control.
• Importance for Quality Control: Monitoring ensures that the
bioprocess remains within specified quality parameters.
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35. Quality Control
• Ensuring Product Consistency: Quality control measures are
essential to ensure that bioprocesses consistently produce
high-quality products.
• Regulatory Compliance: Adherence to quality standards is
crucial, especially in industries like pharmaceuticals.
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36. Bioprocess Automation
• Role of Automation: Automation technologies, including
sensors and control systems, improve the efficiency and
consistency of bioprocesses.
• Advancements in Technology: Ongoing advancements are
making bioprocess automation even more sophisticated.
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38. Antibiotics Production
• Antibiotics are a class of microbial products that inhibit or kill
the growth of bacteria. Bioprocess engineering plays a pivotal
role in the production of antibiotics, ensuring their efficient
and cost-effective manufacturing.
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39. Antibiotics Production
Overview of Antibiotics:
1. Explanation: Antibiotics are natural or synthetic compounds
produced by microorganisms (e.g., bacteria or fungi) that
have the ability to inhibit the growth or destroy other
microorganisms.
2. Example: Penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming in
1928, is one of the earliest and most well-known
antibiotics. It is produced by the fungus Penicillium and is
used to treat various bacterial infections.
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40. Antibiotics Production
Bioprocesses for Antibiotic Production:
• Explanation: Antibiotics are typically produced through
fermentation processes, where microorganisms (often the
same or closely related species to the antibiotic-producing
organism) are grown in large bioreactors.
• Example: Streptomyces species are commonly used to produce
antibiotics like streptomycin and tetracycline. These bacteria
are cultivated in bioreactors with carefully controlled
conditions, including temperature, pH, and nutrient levels.
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41. Antibiotics Production
Key Steps in Antibiotic Production:
• Explanation: The production of antibiotics involves several key
steps, including inoculation, fermentation, extraction, and
purification.
• Example: In the case of penicillin production, after
fermentation, the antibiotic is extracted from the culture broth
and then subjected to purification processes to remove
impurities.
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42. Antibiotics Production
Challenges and Optimization:
• Explanation: Antibiotic production faces challenges related to
optimizing yield, reducing production costs, and maintaining
product purity. Bioprocess engineers work on optimizing these
processes.
• Example: Genetic engineering techniques can be applied to
improve antibiotic-producing strains, enhancing production
yields. Additionally, bioprocess optimization may involve
adjusting nutrient concentrations and fermentation conditions.
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43. Antibiotics Production
Regulatory Aspects:
• Explanation: Antibiotics are highly regulated due to their
importance in healthcare. Bioprocesses must adhere to strict
quality and safety standards, often set by health authorities.
• Example: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sets
regulations for antibiotic production to ensure product quality,
safety, and efficacy.
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44. Antibiotics Production
Future Directions:
• Explanation: Research in antibiotic production is ongoing to
address antibiotic resistance and discover novel antibiotics.
Bioprocess engineering continues to play a role in these
developments.
• Example: The use of synthetic biology and metabolic
engineering is being explored to create new antibiotic-
producing strains with improved properties.
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45. ThankYou
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