This document provides an overview and analysis of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas and his poetry. It discusses how Thomas was influenced by Romanticism and used symbols of nature to express feelings about death and childhood. It also examines his opaque poetic style and religious themes in poems like "And death shall have no dominion." Additionally, the document analyzes how Thomas fits into the Romantic tradition through his self-view as an artist, use of imagery and exploration of the universe. While he was less overtly political, his work reflected left-wing politics of the time period. Overall, the document studies Thomas's life, influences, style and how he both fits and diverges from traditional definitions of poets like the Metaphysicals.
The document provides historical context about the Romantic Age in Britain from 1776-1837. It discusses the social classes, economic development, living conditions, and government reforms of the period. It then summarizes the key Romantic poets like Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, and Keats. It highlights their views of nature, imagination, and reaction against industrialization. Finally, it briefly outlines Romanticism in other European countries like France, Germany, and Italy.
Victorian Poet: Alfred Tennyson and Robert BrowningJitendra Sumra
This document provides an introduction to Victorian poets Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning. It summarizes Tennyson's life, works, and style which expressed the doubts and faith of his era. His most famous works included In Memoriam and Idylls of the King. The document also outlines Browning's more obscure style and his works across his career such as Dramatic Lyrics and Men and Women which analyzed the human condition through various characters. In conclusion, it contrasts Tennyson and Browning's approaches with Tennyson prioritizing artistic form and Browning focusing more on the message.
This is a non-linear powerpoint I made for my MD300 class. It is a sort of quiz about how well you can identify the poet from the title of the poem. If you answer correctly, you learn some biographical information about the poet.
This document summarizes the Classical Age and Augustan Age of English literature during the 18th century. It discusses key writers of the period like Pope, Dryden, Johnson and their works. The Classical Age focused on reason and following classical rules of writing. While Pope was a dominant poet of this age and perfected the heroic couplet, the later Augustan Age saw cracks in classicism and a move toward romanticism. The document examines the transitioning period of Johnson and precursors to the Romantic movement in poetry.
Modernism And the trends of Modern Poetry.AleeenaFarooq
This document provides an overview of the history and key developments in modern poetry. It discusses how modern poetry emerged from a break with traditional forms and conventions at the end of the 19th century. Modern poetry is characterized by experimentation with form and language, themes of anxiety and disillusionment reflecting the modern age, and a rejection of traditional poetic structures like meter and rhyme in favor of freer forms. The document outlines trends in modern poetry like an increased focus on realism, themes of war and social issues, as well as movements like Imagism that further transformed poetic diction and style.
The document summarizes key aspects of Romanticism and highlights some of the major Romantic poets. It notes that Romanticism valued individual emotion and expression over rigid forms, and placed importance on nature and mystical experiences. Some of the poets highlighted include William Blake, Robert Burns, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats.
The document discusses the emergence and key aspects of modernism in literature in the early 20th century. It introduced modernist authors like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf and describes how modernist works broke from traditional forms through experimentation with techniques like stream of consciousness, fragmentation, and multiple perspectives. Specifically, it outlines the development of free verse as a rejection of traditional poetic forms and meters, and surveys styles like Imagism, the works of T.S. Eliot, and different variations of free verse practiced by poets such as Whitman, Lawrence, Ginsberg, Williams, and e.e. cummings.
The document discusses major poets from the Victorian era in England such as Alfred Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Matthew Arnold, Christina Rossetti, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. It provides biographical details and highlights of their works. Poetry flourished during this time period under the influence of Queen Victoria's reign and romantic poets like Keats, Blake, Shelley, and Wordsworth. The sonnet form became particularly popular.
The document provides historical context about the Romantic Age in Britain from 1776-1837. It discusses the social classes, economic development, living conditions, and government reforms of the period. It then summarizes the key Romantic poets like Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, and Keats. It highlights their views of nature, imagination, and reaction against industrialization. Finally, it briefly outlines Romanticism in other European countries like France, Germany, and Italy.
Victorian Poet: Alfred Tennyson and Robert BrowningJitendra Sumra
This document provides an introduction to Victorian poets Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning. It summarizes Tennyson's life, works, and style which expressed the doubts and faith of his era. His most famous works included In Memoriam and Idylls of the King. The document also outlines Browning's more obscure style and his works across his career such as Dramatic Lyrics and Men and Women which analyzed the human condition through various characters. In conclusion, it contrasts Tennyson and Browning's approaches with Tennyson prioritizing artistic form and Browning focusing more on the message.
This is a non-linear powerpoint I made for my MD300 class. It is a sort of quiz about how well you can identify the poet from the title of the poem. If you answer correctly, you learn some biographical information about the poet.
This document summarizes the Classical Age and Augustan Age of English literature during the 18th century. It discusses key writers of the period like Pope, Dryden, Johnson and their works. The Classical Age focused on reason and following classical rules of writing. While Pope was a dominant poet of this age and perfected the heroic couplet, the later Augustan Age saw cracks in classicism and a move toward romanticism. The document examines the transitioning period of Johnson and precursors to the Romantic movement in poetry.
Modernism And the trends of Modern Poetry.AleeenaFarooq
This document provides an overview of the history and key developments in modern poetry. It discusses how modern poetry emerged from a break with traditional forms and conventions at the end of the 19th century. Modern poetry is characterized by experimentation with form and language, themes of anxiety and disillusionment reflecting the modern age, and a rejection of traditional poetic structures like meter and rhyme in favor of freer forms. The document outlines trends in modern poetry like an increased focus on realism, themes of war and social issues, as well as movements like Imagism that further transformed poetic diction and style.
The document summarizes key aspects of Romanticism and highlights some of the major Romantic poets. It notes that Romanticism valued individual emotion and expression over rigid forms, and placed importance on nature and mystical experiences. Some of the poets highlighted include William Blake, Robert Burns, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats.
The document discusses the emergence and key aspects of modernism in literature in the early 20th century. It introduced modernist authors like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf and describes how modernist works broke from traditional forms through experimentation with techniques like stream of consciousness, fragmentation, and multiple perspectives. Specifically, it outlines the development of free verse as a rejection of traditional poetic forms and meters, and surveys styles like Imagism, the works of T.S. Eliot, and different variations of free verse practiced by poets such as Whitman, Lawrence, Ginsberg, Williams, and e.e. cummings.
The document discusses major poets from the Victorian era in England such as Alfred Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Matthew Arnold, Christina Rossetti, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. It provides biographical details and highlights of their works. Poetry flourished during this time period under the influence of Queen Victoria's reign and romantic poets like Keats, Blake, Shelley, and Wordsworth. The sonnet form became particularly popular.
1) The document discusses the Victorian poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson and his famous dramatic monologue "Ulysses".
2) "Ulysses" tells the story of the Greek hero Ulysses who, having returned home after his long journey, expresses his desire to continue exploring and embark on more adventures before his death.
3) The poem examines themes of individualism, restlessness, and man's relentless pursuit of knowledge and discovery.
The document discusses Pre-Romanticism through analyzing key figures and trends that preceded and helped establish Romanticism. It outlines that Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ideas influenced both the French Revolution and Romanticism. Pre-Romanticism began in the 1740s and prepared the way for Romanticism through an emphasis on individual feeling, primitivism, and interest in nature, emotion, and the supernatural. Thomas Gray, William Blake, William Cowper, Robert Burns, and James Thomson are highlighted as important Pre-Romantic poets and artists.
This document provides biographical information about six Victorian poets - Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Christina Rossetti, Matthew Arnold, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. It notes that while the poets lived during the Victorian era, they differed in their approaches as some tackled issues of their time in England while others explored personal topics. For each poet, it lists their profession and provides one or two brief details about their works.
This document provides biographical information about John Milton, the renowned English poet, pamphleteer, and civil servant. It discusses Milton's education, his prominent literary works produced during different periods of his life, and his political involvement. Milton is considered one of England's greatest writers, known for works like Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes, which he composed after going blind later in life. The document examines Milton's career and significant contributions to English literature during a time of political and religious upheaval in the 17th century.
This document provides an overview of salient features of Victorian poetry with references to poems by Tennyson and Browning. It notes that Victorian poetry is defined as poetry written during Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901. Key features included a focus on sensory elements to convey struggles between religion and science, as well as themes of nature and romance. As an example, it discusses Tennyson's poem "Mariana" which uses imagery of creaking doors and sounds of insects and mice to set a vivid scene. Additionally, Victorian poets often used sentimentality and furthered Romantic imaginings, as seen in poems by the Brownings and Emily Bronte.
The document discusses several Romantic-era English essayists: Leigh Hunt, William Hazlitt, Charles Lamb, and Thomas De Quincey. It provides biographical details and lists some of their major works. Leigh Hunt wrote for publications like The Indicator and The Companion over 30 years. William Hazlitt is considered one of the greatest English critics for works like On the Love of the Country. Charles Lamb is famous for his Essays of Elia from the 1820s. Thomas De Quincey wrote brilliant critical essays on topics like murder and Joan of Arc.
The document summarizes the literary period known as the Classical or Augustan Age in English literature from 1660-1745. It was characterized by neoclassical ideals that imitated classical models such as Virgil and Horace. Major writers included Dryden, Pope, Swift, and Addison. While focused on reason and order, the period also saw the emergence of nature poetry and graveyard poetry that anticipated Romantic themes. Overall, Augustan literature placed emphasis on clarity, reason, and correct imitation of classical styles, establishing important foundations for English prose and criticism, if not producing great poetry on par with its classical influences.
Modern poetry emerged between 1900-1930 as a rebellious movement that allowed new concepts and writing forms. Modernism arose from transformations in Western society like modern industrialization and World War 1. It rejected religious and Enlightenment thinking. Modern poetry uses techniques like foregrounding to emphasize certain ideas or themes. It explores themes like the decline of tradition, poets as social outcasts, pessimism, and reduced interest in nature compared to earlier eras.
The Romantic period in literature lasted from 1789 to 1832, a time of revolution and changes in society and politics across Europe. Some of the major writers of the period in England included William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Byron, and Mary Shelley, author of Frankenstein. Many of their works explored themes of nature, imagination, and emotions through poetry and prose.
The document discusses the Romantic movement in English literature from 1798-1832 during the age of William Wordsworth. It describes Romanticism as both a revival of old English masters like Chaucer and Spencer as well as a revolt against 18th century classicism. Key poets of this period included Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats, and Shelley. Romantic poetry was characterized by subjectivity, spontaneity, love of nature and the supernatural, and a democratic perspective. The document then provides details about Wordsworth's life and the salient features of his poetry, including his spiritual conception of nature and pantheistic beliefs.
Modernism and In a Station of the Metro poem by Ezra PoundMohan Raj Raj
The PPT helps to understand the modernism and the poem of Ezra Pound. Poetry as it attempts to ‘break from the pentameter’ incorporates the use of visual spacing as a poetic device, and does not contain verbs.
The document provides an overview of the Romantic Age in literature. It discusses that Romanticism originated in Europe as a reaction against the Industrial Revolution and Enlightenment. The Romantic period in English literature is considered to span from 1798 to 1837. Key characteristics of Romanticism included a focus on nature, emotions, imagination, aesthetic beauty, solitude, and the individual. Famous Romantic poets mentioned include William Blake, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, Sir Walter Scott, and Mary Shelley. The document also discusses the Napoleonic Wars and how new ways of living needed to be reflected in new ways of thinking, with Romanticism coming to represent
The document provides an overview of Victorian poetry between 1830-1900 in England. Some of the key poets of this era included Alfred Lord Tennyson, who served as Poet Laureate, Robert and Elizabeth Browning, and Matthew Arnold. Victorian poetry reflected both optimism about industrial progress as well as pessimism from social critics. Common themes included realism, humanism, social reform, and criticism of contemporary society. Nature was an important inspiration for some poets.
Alexander Pope was an 18th century English poet who suffered from poor health and faced barriers to education as a Roman Catholic. Despite these challenges, he was a genius who largely educated himself. He is renowned for his translations of Homer's epics and for original works like An Essay on Criticism and The Rape of the Lock. Pope established himself as one of England's greatest poets and is still widely read today.
Victorian poetry was written during Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901. It is characterized by its focus on sensory elements and recurring themes of religion/science conflicts. Victorian poetry can be divided into two groups: High Victorian poetry which was more intellectual, and Pre-Raphaelite poetry which drew from medieval myths. Major poets included Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Matthew Arnold. They explored themes like morality, feminism, and criticism of contemporary society.
The Romantic period in English and American literature saw experimentation with new styles and subjects as strict rules were loosened. Romanticism focused on the individual imagination and consciousness over society. In England, Romanticism was most influential from the late 18th to mid-19th century, expressed through poetry, while the American version was delayed and novel-focused. William Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads in 1798 is seen as marking the start of the English Romantic period, praising nature and the human mind's response.
The document summarizes the Age of Johnson in 18th century English literature. It introduces influential figures of the time like Samuel Johnson, a poet, critic, and author known for his Dictionary of the English Language. It also discusses prominent poets such as Robert Burns, Thomas Gray, William Cowper, and Oliver Goldsmith, as well as prose writers like Johnson, Edmund Burke, Edward Gibbon, and James Boswell. The Age of Johnson was a period of transition between classicism and romanticism in English poetry and prose.
John Milton was an English poet, prose writer, and civil servant born in 1608 in London. He is best known for his epic poems Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Milton was a prolific writer who produced works in several genres including epic and lyric poetry, as well as theological, philosophical and political treatises. He was a staunch supporter of Oliver Cromwell and republicanism. Milton went blind in 1652 and continued writing until his death in 1674.
This document summarizes a study on the economic prospects and human rights violations associated with shrimp farming in coastal regions of Bangladesh. It finds that while shrimp farming contributes significantly to Bangladesh's economy through exports and jobs, it has also led to environmental degradation and various human rights issues. Specifically, the study found reports of land conflicts, violence against women, restrictions on access to common areas, blocked canals interfering with water management, loss of agricultural land, and poor labor conditions like low wages, long hours, and unsafe working environments. Overall, the document examines both the economic benefits of the shrimp industry but also its negative social and human rights impacts.
This poem encourages the reader to rage against death and continue living passionately even when facing mortality. Through 5 tercets and a quatrain using only two repeating lines, the speaker describes how the wise, the good, the wild, and the grave refuse to accept their demise peacefully. In the last stanza, the speaker directly addresses his dying father, begging him to maintain his emotions. The overall message is that while death is inevitable, one should make the most of their remaining time and not surrender without a fight.
1) The document discusses the Victorian poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson and his famous dramatic monologue "Ulysses".
2) "Ulysses" tells the story of the Greek hero Ulysses who, having returned home after his long journey, expresses his desire to continue exploring and embark on more adventures before his death.
3) The poem examines themes of individualism, restlessness, and man's relentless pursuit of knowledge and discovery.
The document discusses Pre-Romanticism through analyzing key figures and trends that preceded and helped establish Romanticism. It outlines that Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ideas influenced both the French Revolution and Romanticism. Pre-Romanticism began in the 1740s and prepared the way for Romanticism through an emphasis on individual feeling, primitivism, and interest in nature, emotion, and the supernatural. Thomas Gray, William Blake, William Cowper, Robert Burns, and James Thomson are highlighted as important Pre-Romantic poets and artists.
This document provides biographical information about six Victorian poets - Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Christina Rossetti, Matthew Arnold, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. It notes that while the poets lived during the Victorian era, they differed in their approaches as some tackled issues of their time in England while others explored personal topics. For each poet, it lists their profession and provides one or two brief details about their works.
This document provides biographical information about John Milton, the renowned English poet, pamphleteer, and civil servant. It discusses Milton's education, his prominent literary works produced during different periods of his life, and his political involvement. Milton is considered one of England's greatest writers, known for works like Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes, which he composed after going blind later in life. The document examines Milton's career and significant contributions to English literature during a time of political and religious upheaval in the 17th century.
This document provides an overview of salient features of Victorian poetry with references to poems by Tennyson and Browning. It notes that Victorian poetry is defined as poetry written during Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901. Key features included a focus on sensory elements to convey struggles between religion and science, as well as themes of nature and romance. As an example, it discusses Tennyson's poem "Mariana" which uses imagery of creaking doors and sounds of insects and mice to set a vivid scene. Additionally, Victorian poets often used sentimentality and furthered Romantic imaginings, as seen in poems by the Brownings and Emily Bronte.
The document discusses several Romantic-era English essayists: Leigh Hunt, William Hazlitt, Charles Lamb, and Thomas De Quincey. It provides biographical details and lists some of their major works. Leigh Hunt wrote for publications like The Indicator and The Companion over 30 years. William Hazlitt is considered one of the greatest English critics for works like On the Love of the Country. Charles Lamb is famous for his Essays of Elia from the 1820s. Thomas De Quincey wrote brilliant critical essays on topics like murder and Joan of Arc.
The document summarizes the literary period known as the Classical or Augustan Age in English literature from 1660-1745. It was characterized by neoclassical ideals that imitated classical models such as Virgil and Horace. Major writers included Dryden, Pope, Swift, and Addison. While focused on reason and order, the period also saw the emergence of nature poetry and graveyard poetry that anticipated Romantic themes. Overall, Augustan literature placed emphasis on clarity, reason, and correct imitation of classical styles, establishing important foundations for English prose and criticism, if not producing great poetry on par with its classical influences.
Modern poetry emerged between 1900-1930 as a rebellious movement that allowed new concepts and writing forms. Modernism arose from transformations in Western society like modern industrialization and World War 1. It rejected religious and Enlightenment thinking. Modern poetry uses techniques like foregrounding to emphasize certain ideas or themes. It explores themes like the decline of tradition, poets as social outcasts, pessimism, and reduced interest in nature compared to earlier eras.
The Romantic period in literature lasted from 1789 to 1832, a time of revolution and changes in society and politics across Europe. Some of the major writers of the period in England included William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Byron, and Mary Shelley, author of Frankenstein. Many of their works explored themes of nature, imagination, and emotions through poetry and prose.
The document discusses the Romantic movement in English literature from 1798-1832 during the age of William Wordsworth. It describes Romanticism as both a revival of old English masters like Chaucer and Spencer as well as a revolt against 18th century classicism. Key poets of this period included Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats, and Shelley. Romantic poetry was characterized by subjectivity, spontaneity, love of nature and the supernatural, and a democratic perspective. The document then provides details about Wordsworth's life and the salient features of his poetry, including his spiritual conception of nature and pantheistic beliefs.
Modernism and In a Station of the Metro poem by Ezra PoundMohan Raj Raj
The PPT helps to understand the modernism and the poem of Ezra Pound. Poetry as it attempts to ‘break from the pentameter’ incorporates the use of visual spacing as a poetic device, and does not contain verbs.
The document provides an overview of the Romantic Age in literature. It discusses that Romanticism originated in Europe as a reaction against the Industrial Revolution and Enlightenment. The Romantic period in English literature is considered to span from 1798 to 1837. Key characteristics of Romanticism included a focus on nature, emotions, imagination, aesthetic beauty, solitude, and the individual. Famous Romantic poets mentioned include William Blake, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, Sir Walter Scott, and Mary Shelley. The document also discusses the Napoleonic Wars and how new ways of living needed to be reflected in new ways of thinking, with Romanticism coming to represent
The document provides an overview of Victorian poetry between 1830-1900 in England. Some of the key poets of this era included Alfred Lord Tennyson, who served as Poet Laureate, Robert and Elizabeth Browning, and Matthew Arnold. Victorian poetry reflected both optimism about industrial progress as well as pessimism from social critics. Common themes included realism, humanism, social reform, and criticism of contemporary society. Nature was an important inspiration for some poets.
Alexander Pope was an 18th century English poet who suffered from poor health and faced barriers to education as a Roman Catholic. Despite these challenges, he was a genius who largely educated himself. He is renowned for his translations of Homer's epics and for original works like An Essay on Criticism and The Rape of the Lock. Pope established himself as one of England's greatest poets and is still widely read today.
Victorian poetry was written during Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901. It is characterized by its focus on sensory elements and recurring themes of religion/science conflicts. Victorian poetry can be divided into two groups: High Victorian poetry which was more intellectual, and Pre-Raphaelite poetry which drew from medieval myths. Major poets included Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Matthew Arnold. They explored themes like morality, feminism, and criticism of contemporary society.
The Romantic period in English and American literature saw experimentation with new styles and subjects as strict rules were loosened. Romanticism focused on the individual imagination and consciousness over society. In England, Romanticism was most influential from the late 18th to mid-19th century, expressed through poetry, while the American version was delayed and novel-focused. William Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads in 1798 is seen as marking the start of the English Romantic period, praising nature and the human mind's response.
The document summarizes the Age of Johnson in 18th century English literature. It introduces influential figures of the time like Samuel Johnson, a poet, critic, and author known for his Dictionary of the English Language. It also discusses prominent poets such as Robert Burns, Thomas Gray, William Cowper, and Oliver Goldsmith, as well as prose writers like Johnson, Edmund Burke, Edward Gibbon, and James Boswell. The Age of Johnson was a period of transition between classicism and romanticism in English poetry and prose.
John Milton was an English poet, prose writer, and civil servant born in 1608 in London. He is best known for his epic poems Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Milton was a prolific writer who produced works in several genres including epic and lyric poetry, as well as theological, philosophical and political treatises. He was a staunch supporter of Oliver Cromwell and republicanism. Milton went blind in 1652 and continued writing until his death in 1674.
This document summarizes a study on the economic prospects and human rights violations associated with shrimp farming in coastal regions of Bangladesh. It finds that while shrimp farming contributes significantly to Bangladesh's economy through exports and jobs, it has also led to environmental degradation and various human rights issues. Specifically, the study found reports of land conflicts, violence against women, restrictions on access to common areas, blocked canals interfering with water management, loss of agricultural land, and poor labor conditions like low wages, long hours, and unsafe working environments. Overall, the document examines both the economic benefits of the shrimp industry but also its negative social and human rights impacts.
This poem encourages the reader to rage against death and continue living passionately even when facing mortality. Through 5 tercets and a quatrain using only two repeating lines, the speaker describes how the wise, the good, the wild, and the grave refuse to accept their demise peacefully. In the last stanza, the speaker directly addresses his dying father, begging him to maintain his emotions. The overall message is that while death is inevitable, one should make the most of their remaining time and not surrender without a fight.
This document discusses effective communication and common mistakes made in spoken and written English. It emphasizes that mistakes are opportunities to learn and should not be seen as embarrassing. While accuracy is important, the main goal of communication is to convey meaning clearly. The document outlines strategies for effective speaking, such as maintaining eye contact and developing listening skills. It also discusses challenges faced by some English learners in pronouncing certain sounds correctly. Overall, the document promotes focusing on intelligible communication over perfection and avoiding unnecessary bias or offense.
This document summarizes a study on the extension service needs of catfish farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study found that most catfish farmers were male, between 30-50 years old, and had primary education. Radio, friends/relatives, and extension agents were the most important information sources. The top extension service needs were marketing, stocking times, and credit access. The major challenges were poor weather, lack of credit, and high feed costs. The study recommends improved extension services, economic groups, credit access, and dissemination of best practices to enhance catfish production.
This document discusses the humanistic approach to teaching English as a foreign language. [1] It outlines four main methodologies associated with the humanistic approach: the silent way, community language learning, suggestopaedia, and total physical response. [2] These methods aim to engage students holistically and reduce anxiety around language learning. Classroom practices for these methods include relaxation exercises, role-playing scenarios, games, and peer work. [3] A study in India found that students had the greatest improvements in English skills during the first semester using these humanistic methods, showing their effectiveness. The humanistic approach aims to cultivate student motivation and a childlike openness to learning.
1) This document discusses the debate among Iranian religious intellectuals regarding modernization and their approaches to balancing tradition and modernity.
2) It outlines two major groups - Western-minded thinkers who emphasize separating tradition from modernity, and religious thinkers who seek to combine the two.
3) The document also summarizes the key arguments made by supporters of modernization, such as the neutrality of science, religion's emphasis on human progress, and that interaction between civilizations and modernization can aid development. It then summarizes the arguments made by opponents, such as the partiality of science and doubts that modernization alone can achieve social development.
This document analyzes pulses production in sample villages of the Assan Valley region of Uttarakhand, India. It finds that the area and production of pulses, especially winter pulses like lentils and chickpeas, has drastically declined from 1990-2007. Through surveys of 275 farmers, the study identifies key constraints on pulses production including biotic factors like insect pests and diseases, abiotic factors like climate and rainfall, lack of access to inputs, weak extension services, and lack of market access. The rotation of pulses like chickpeas and pigeon peas with crops like rice and wheat was found to reduce chemical fertilizer use and increase outputs of those staple crops.
The document summarizes a study on gender differences in marital adjustment, mental health, and frustration reactions during middle age. The study was conducted in Delhi, India with 150 males and 150 females between ages 40-55 who were bank employees, doctors, or lecturers. It was found that females had higher levels of recreational adjustment than males, while males had a more group-oriented attitude than females. The study aimed to understand how marital adjustment, mental health, and reactions to frustration differed between males and females during middle age.
Dylan Thomas was a Welsh poet born in 1914 who is known for his poem "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night." He showed an early talent for poetry, writing drafts of his works as a teenager. Thomas struggled financially throughout his life and supported himself through jobs like the BBC while living with his wife Caitlin. His poems were meticulously constructed over many drafts using sound, imagery, and association. "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night" uses a villanelle form and light/dark imagery to reinforce the theme of not accepting death passively.
Dylan Thomas was a Welsh poet born in 1914 in Swansea, South Wales. He had a prolific career writing both poetry and prose from the 1930s until his death in 1953. Some of his most famous works include poems in his collections Deaths and Entrances and Collected Poems, as well as the radio play Under Milk Wood. The presentation provided details on Thomas's early life, career, major works in both poetry and prose, and drama before concluding with noting his death in 1953.
This document appears to be an analysis of Dylan Thomas's poem "Fern Hill". It includes:
1. Biographical information about Dylan Thomas, noting he was born in Wales and wrote poetry that used traditional forms.
2. The first three stanzas of the poem, which describe the poet's carefree childhood spending summers on his aunt's farm.
3. An analysis of the language, imagery, and themes in the first stanza, highlighting how Thomas conveys a sense of youthful freedom and joy through literary devices like personification and metaphor.
The poem "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night" by Dylan Thomas uses the villanelle form to encourage old men not to accept death passively. Over five tercets and a concluding quatrain, the speaker urges the wise, good men, wild men, and grave men not to "go gentle" but to "rage, rage against the dying of the light." In the final stanza, the speaker directly addresses his own father, who is dying, pleading with him not to submit to death without defiance.
This document provides an overview of the Age of Milton or Puritan Age from 1625-1660 in England. It notes that during this period, Puritan standards prevailed and John Milton was the greatest literary figure as a Puritan. It discusses the rise of Puritanism and some of the historical background during this time period. It also summarizes some of the key literary features of the age, including the output of poetry being smaller and focusing on short poems and lyrics. The document discusses the reaction against Puritanism, the pressures of historical events like the civil war, and provides more details on specific figures like Milton and genres like metaphysical poetry.
The Romantic Movement was a revolt against classicism and rationalism in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Romantics valued emotion, individualism, nature, and history over order and reason. They stressed imagination and spontaneity in their literature, art, and music. Some key figures were Wordsworth, Coleridge, Delacroix, and Beethoven.
- Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the late 18th century and emphasized emotion, imagination, and individualism. It promoted nature, the importance of the imagination, and the use of emotion over scientific thought.
- Some of the major figures of the Romantic period included William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, and Walter Scott. Their famous works explored themes of nature, emotion, and the supernatural.
- Romanticism also influenced visual arts like paintings that focused on landscapes and emotions. Artists included John Constable and J.M.W. Turner in England and Caspar David Friedrich in Germany.
This document compares the works and styles of Alfred Tennyson and William Wordsworth. Tennyson was poet laureate of Britain during Queen Victoria's reign, known for poems like "The Lady of Shalott" and "Ulysses." His style used vivid imagery and symbolism. Wordsworth helped launch the Romantic era with Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads. He viewed poetry as spontaneous emotion and used nature as symbolic of human morality in works like "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud." Both poets emphasized emotion, imagination, and humanity's connection with nature.
This document provides an overview of the history and characteristics of English literature from the Romantic Age (1798-1830). It discusses the key figures and works from this period, including William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, John Keats, and Percy Bysshe Shelley. The Romantic movement valued emotion, nature, individualism, imagination and the sublime over reason. It also led to new literary genres like the historical novel and novel of manners. In summary, the document outlines the major poets, works, themes, and stylistic shifts that defined Romanticism in English literature during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
This document provides an overview of the history and characteristics of English literature from the Romantic Age (1798-1830). It discusses the key figures and works from this period, including William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, John Keats, and Percy Bysshe Shelley. The Romantic Age saw a shift from reason and the scientific mindset of the prior Classical Age to a focus on emotion, imagination, individualism, and nature. Common themes in Romantic poetry included nature, love, history, and the forms included lyric poetry, ballads, sonnets, and historical novels.
The document provides an overview and analysis of T.S. Eliot's modernist poem "The Waste Land". It discusses Eliot as a modernist writer who depicts fragmented human existence through allusive language and myth. The poem examines the cultural and spiritual exhaustion after World War I. It uses fragments from different traditions and voices to diagnose chaos in modernity and preserve cultural memory. The summary explores the poem's themes of history, literature, myth, isolation and appearances through its five sections depicting lifeless landscapes and decaying societies.
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1. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSRJHSS)
ISSN: 2279-0845 Volume 1, Issue 2 (Sep-Oct. 2012), PP 06-10
www.iosrjournals.org
A Study of Dylan Thomas’s Poetry
Ch.Nagaraju1, K. V. Seshaiah2
Asst. Prof., Dept of Science and Humanities, N.B.K.R.I.S.T. Vidyanagar, S.P.S.R. Nellore, A.P., India
Asst. Prof., Department of Science and Humanities, YITS, Tirupathi, Chittoor, A.P., India
Abstract: Dylan Thomas is one of the writers who has often been associated with Welsh literature and culture
in the last sixty years. He is possibly the most notable Welsh author. Fortunately, it is mainly his literary work,
and not his tumultuous lifestyle, that is still associated with him. The analysis of some of his poems mirrors his
sincere relationship to Wales. In 1937 he married to Caitlin MacNamara who gave birth to three children.
These circumstances indicate a typical British conservative and straight forward approach to family life. Dylan
Thomas was influenced in his writing by the Romantic Movement for the beginning of the nineteenth century
and this can be seen in a number of his best works. Dylan Thomas uses symbols and images of nature to express
how he feels towards death and childhood. He says that images are used to create a feeling of love towards life.
Despite Dylan Thomas’s obscure images, he expresses a clear message of religious devotion in many of his
poems. The style of Dylan Thomas is an opaque poetic style which Thomas used to perfection. He possessed
tremendous talent and was blessed with immense gifts that made him a professional success at a relatively
young age.
Key words: Dylan Thomas, Romanticism, Poetic Style,
I. Introduction
Dylan Thomas is one of the writers who has often been associated with Welsh literature and culture in
the last sixty years. He is possibly the most notable Welsh author. Fortunately, it is mainly his literary work, and
not his tumultuous lifestyle, that is still associated with him. The analysis of some of his poems mirrors his
sincere relationship to Wales.
Dylan Thomas was born in Swansea, Wales, in 1914. After he left school at the age of sixteen, he
started working as a journalist in Swansea. In 1937, he married Caitlin MacNamara who gave birth to three
children. These circumstances indicate a typical British, conservative and straightforward approach to family
life. However, Dylan started drinking heavily, and Caitlin is rumoured to have had several extramarital affairs,
even with colleagues and friends of her husband. Having moved to London, alcohol and indulgence were
expensive for the young family, so they could not cover their costs anymore. Thus, in 1950, Thomas announced
that he would emigrate to the United States because he thought he would be paid better there than in England.
He settled in New York where he recited his works, and was profoundly admired. Nevertheless, the money he
earned was spent on alcohol, which led his marriage with Caitlin into a serious crisis. On November 9, 1953, he
died after a heavy drinking binge in a Manhattan hotel, at the age of 39. Later, Thomas‟s body was brought
"home" to Wales. He was buried in the churchyard of Laugharne.
Dylan Thomas was influenced in his writing by the Romantic Movement from the beginning of the
nineteenth century, and this can be seen in a number of his best works. Dylan Thomas uses symbols and images
of nature to express how he feels towards death and childhood. He says that images are used to create a feeling
of love towards life. Despite Dylan Thomas‟ often obscure images, he expresses a clear message of religious
devotion in many of his poems. He creates images that reflect God‟s connection with the earth and body. In
“And death shall have no dominion,” Thomas portrays the redemption of the soul in death, and the soul‟s
liberation into harmony with nature and God. Thomas associates God with thunder, rainbows, and night only to
remind us that he is even more present in a simple stone as he is in other great entities. Colour imagery is also
there in some of his poems as he describes his happiness as a child. He explains his young days as being as
“happy as the grass is green.”
The style of Dylan Thomas is an opaque poetic style, which Thomas uses to perfection. It is used to
describe the unusual and day-to-day activities. Dylan Thomas possessed tremendous talent and was blessed with
immense gifts that made him a professional success at a relatively young age; however, his personal life was
often disappointing.
II. Dylan Thomas romanticism:
Romanticism is an aesthetic attitude born out of a late eighteenth century reaction to the Enlightenment,
stressing powerful feelings, originality, the individual response and a return to nature. The Romantic period
in English literature is usually considered to extend from 1798, when Wordsworth and Coleridge published their
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2. A Study Of Dylan Thomas’s Poetry
Lyrical Ballads, to 1832, when Sir Walter Scott died. The Romantic impulse extended beyond these dates,
however, and can be seen in a variety of art forms, from the music of the latter half of the nineteenth century to
the Romantic impulses of the Impressionists and post-Impressionists. The Romantic period was a turbulent era
politically and socially as England was changing from its former status as an agricultural society to a modern
industrial state where the balance of economic power shifted to large-scale employers. The French Revolution
was another impetus for the development of the Romantic spirit, a spirit more egalitarian than the previous era.
Dylan Thomas was influenced in his writing by the Romantic Movement from the beginning of the
nineteenth century, and this can be seen in a number of his best works, including the poems "Fern Hill," "A
Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London," and "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night."
These and other Dylan works show the power of the Romantic style, which fit well with Thomas's interests and
capabilities as a poet.
Poet Dylan Thomas was influenced in his writing by the Romantic Movement from the beginning of
the nineteenth century, and this can be seen in a number of his best works, including the poems "Fern Hill," "A
Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London," and "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night."
These and other Dylan works show the power of the Romantic style, which fit well with Thomas's interests and
capabilities as a poet.
Attitudes and techniques typical of Romanticism dominate The Collected Poems of Dylan Thomas. Of
these, the major elements are Thomas' view of himself as a member of society and as a creative artist, his use of
auditory effects and visual imagery, and his exploration of the nature of the universe. It is the purpose of this
study to show how, especially in these three aspects, the poetry fits into the Romantic tradition. Thomas'
characteristic ambiguity makes categorization difficult; it often reaches the point of self-contradiction, as, for
instance, when a seemingly orthodox religious statement proves on analysis to have an underlying sense that
borders on disbelief. But the coexistence of such polarities reflects in itself a striving toward reconciliation of
opposites that is a major Romantic characteristic. The expression of this striving took on changing tones over
the twenty years of Thomas' poetic career, the concentration on inner processes that marked the early poems
giving way to a general focus upon outer and more visible scenes in the later works. Neither of the emphasis,
however, was exclusive to a single period of the poet's development; and in any case, the two concerns, as
expressed by Thomas, are both Romantic. They merely represent different kinds of Romanticism.
Of the three major Romantic elements in Thomas' poems, the least prominent one is social concern.
But the poems deal with affairs of the world more often than is readily apparent. Thomas' ambiguity obscures
many of his political themes. Also, as several of the poems reveal, Thomas felt that he must preserve his artistic
detachment or lose his effectiveness as a poet. Therefore, he chose to keep his work relatively untypical. The
results were especially noticeable in the days when much of the recognized output of British poets was Marxist
(Thomas published his first book of poetry in 1934). Although Thomas himself professed "rather elementary
left-wing politics," no one has observed any appeal to "professional Marxists" in his poetry. And one writer in
1940 called Thomas "the most old-fashioned of his generation in his apparent separation of his poetry from his
politics."
III. Dylan Thomas as a metaphysical poet:
Considering Dylan Thomas as a „metaphysical poet‟ presents considerable difficulty because of the
complexity of his poetry which does not fit into the frame work of any rigid definition. Pointing out an aspect
specific in its connotation will be a hazardous task, as the essentiality paradoxical nature of his art might point
towards the opposite of what one is seeking. A poet who has been described as a romantic who spearheaded the
Neo Romantic movement in the 40‟s and as a metaphysical whose handling of religious themes is reminiscent in
its salient features of that of the poets of the seventeenth century to whom that term has been applied would
appear to be almost an impossibility, Dylan Thomas represents such as literary phenomenon whose poetry
displays certain characteristics of the spontaneous lyrical outbursts of the romantics as well as the cerebral,
rational, calculated elaborately worked out intellectual conundrums.
IV. Dylan Thomas as a creator of Death-Myth:
The poetry of Dylan Thomas, in its own particular spectrality, also showcases a voice inflected by the
presence and insertion of death and the death-image. For Sylvia Plath, the concept of the death-poet was both
consciously fostered by her in poems, such as “Lady Lazarus”, but also irreversibly solidified by the nature of
her death by suicide, which for some readers, added the weight of a macabre authenticity. Dylan Thomas s
poems are signified by a powerful death-myth, which emanates from the poet himself. The poems were
originally crafted by Thomas with the presence of death always lurking, but when they were subsequently
stamped with a “seal of authenticity” by his death amidst controversy and excess in America, Thomas himself
became a spectral figure of death. Thomas‟s career being longer and more prodigious than Plath in reception,
there are more opportunities in not only his poems, but also his stories, plays and film-scripts to find intriguing
avenues for discovery. Thomas was a well-established writer when he died, but like Plath, his death, due to its
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3. A Study Of Dylan Thomas’s Poetry
mysterious nature, informs the way we read many of his poems, indeed how we read Dylan Thomas, as a
character in his own drama. Death is the device by which Thomas crafted many of his most indelible and
famous poems, and much like Plath, a spectral presence lurks in and around the poems. Not only was Thomas
engaged in the crafting and living of his own myth, but in his image of what the Poet should be, he also upheld
the truth value of that myth by dying in tragic circumstances at age 39. Like Sylvia Plath‟s suicide, the added
presence of such a death causes spectral images to heavily upon the struggle of life versus death.
Dylan Thomas has not only been tied to death in his poems by their words, but the nature of their
images. He helped foster and craft his own death-myth in his poems, but also fulfilled it, unwittingly or not, by
dying far away in America, fueled by alcohol, sex, and a baffling assortment of strange circumstances. Dylan
Thomas knew exactly which images he wanted to present to the world, and he was always conscious of how he
would be perceived and received by everyone, from the layman to the university scholar. Dylan Thomas was not
only crafting the mythology of death in his poems, but was actually living it. In Albert Camus “The Myth of
Sisyphus”, he writes: “a man defines himself by his make-believe as well as by his sincere impulses”. Dylan
Thomas wrote his poems specifically with his death, and the subsequent reception of his poetic death-image, in
mind. Thomas s poems are extensions of the myth he was enacting, where he could link his “sincere impulses”
with the extensive reaches of his “make-believe”. Poems are where Thomas s perception of his myth is
manually linked to the observations of nature, the earth, and of life and death. What becomes evident in Dylan
Thomas is that he, like Plath, stressed the importance of the presence of death within the world. Though it is
more exuberant and sweeping than what we have seen in Ariel by Sylvia Plath, it again shows that by both
ruminating and living through death, Thomas, like Plath, actually celebrated life and believed in the power of
humanity to persevere, and continue to produce
V. Dylan Thomas’s imagery:
The intensity of any literary work largely depends on powerful imagination. It also depends on the
effective execution of that very imagination in the pages of a literary work. Therefore, to visualise his/her
imagination the poet/writer often employs various literary devices. The most effective and compelling of those
is the use of imagery (a figure of speech). Imagery is used in literary works to refer to the ways the writers
compose mental images in words. It signifies all the sensory perceptions used in a literary work, whether by
literal description, allusion, simile, or metaphor. Imagery is not limited to visual imagery; it also includes
auditory (sound), tactile (touch), thermal (heat and cold), olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), and kinesthetic
sensation (movement). Imagery engages the reader‟s imagination through wonderful descriptions or illustrations
that vividly portray the reality of a particular moment. A literary work with effective imagery gives the reader a
clear mental picture of what is happening and enhance what the writer is trying to convey to the reader.
Dylan Thomas is widely regarded as one of the 20th Century's most influential lyrical poets, and
amongst the finest as such of all time. His acclaim is partly due to the force and vitality of his verbal imagery
that is uniquely brilliant and inspirational. His vivid and often fantastic imagery was a rejection of the trends in
the 20th Century poetics. While his contemporaries gradually altered their writing to serious topical verse,
Thomas devoted himself to his passionately felt emotions. Thomas, in many ways, was more in alignment with
the Romantics than he was with the poets of his era. He was considered the Shelley of the 20th century as his
poems were the perfect embodiments of 'new-romanticism' with their violent natural imagery, sexual and
Christian symbolism and emotional
Subject matter expressed in a singing rhythmical verse.
Dylan Thomas attached great importance to the use of imagery, and an understanding of his imagery is
essential for an understanding of his poetry. Thomas' vivid imagery involved word play, fractured syntax, and
personal symbolism. Thomas‟ poetic imagery shows the use of a mixture of several techniques, the most
prominent being the surrealistic, imagistic, and metaphysical. But the bible, his study of Shakespeare and
other English poets also laid under contribution. Thomas as a resourceful "language-changer", like
Shakespeare, Dickens, Hopkins and Joyce, shaped the English language into a richly original mélange of
rhythm, imagery and literary allusion. Here follows a brief discussion on Dylan Thomas‟ poetic imagery along
with a critical inquiry into the major works by this poet:
VI. Dylan Thomas poetic style:
Thomas claimed that his poetry was "the record of my individual struggle from darkness toward some
measure of light.… To be stripped of darkness is to be clean, to strip of darkness is to make clean." He also
wrote that his poems "with all their crudities, doubts, and confusions, are written for the love of man and in
praise of God, and I'd be a damned fool if they weren't." Passionate and intense, vivid and violent, Thomas
wrote that he became a poet because "I had fallen in love with words." His sense of the richness and variety and
flexibility of the English language shines through all of his work.
Thomas's verbal style played against strict verse forms, such as in the villanelle Do not go gentle into
that good night. His images were carefully ordered in a patterned sequence, and his major theme was the unity
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4. A Study Of Dylan Thomas’s Poetry
of all life, the continuing process of life and death and new life that linked the generations. Thomas saw biology
as a magical transformation producing unity out of diversity, and in his poetry he sought a poetic ritual to
celebrate this unity. He saw men and women locked in cycles of growth, love, procreation, new growth, death,
and new life again. Therefore, each image engenders its opposite. Thomas derived his closely woven, sometimes
self-contradictory images from the Bible, Welsh folklore and preaching, and Freud. Thomas's poetry is notable
for its musicality, most clear in poems such as Fern Hill, In Country Sleep, Ballad of the Long-legged Bait or In
the White Giant's Thigh from Under Milkwood:
Who once were a bloom of wayside brides in the hawed house and heard the lewd, wooed field flow to the
coming frost, the scurrying, furred small friars squeal in the dowse of day, in the thistle aisles, till the white owl
crossed Thomas once confided that the poems which had most influenced him were Mother Goose rhymes
which his parents taught him when he was a child:
Dylan Thomas was obsessed with words—with their sound and rhythm and especially with their
possibilities for multiple meanings. This richness of meaning, an often illogical and revolutionary syntax, and
catalogues of cosmic and sexual imagery render Thomas's early poetry original and difficult. In a letter to
Richard Church, included by FitzGibbon in Selected Letters, Thomas commented on what he considered some
of his own excesses: "Immature violence, rhythmic monotony, frequent muddle-headedness, and a very much
overweighted imagery that leads often to incoherence." Similarly, in a letter to Glyn Jones, he wrote: "My own
obscurity is quite an unfashionable one, based, as it is, on a preconceived symbolism derived from the cosmic
significance of the human anatomy.”
VII. Conclusion:
Thomas' work and stature as a poet have been much debated by critics and biographers since his death.
Critical studies have been clouded by Thomas' personality and mythology, especially his drunken persona and
death in New York. Despite criticism by sections of academia, Thomas' work has been embraced by readers
more so than many of his contemporaries, and is one of the few modern poets whose name is recognised by the
general public.[158] Several of his poems have passed into the cultural mainstream, and his work has been used
by authors, musicians and film and television writers
VIII. Acknowledgements
I record a deep sense of gratitude to my Teacher and Research Supervisor Dr.A.Hari Prasanna,
M.A.,M.Phil.,Ph.D., Professor, Department of English, S.V. University, Tirupathi. I am indebted to her for the
concern, counsel and encouragement I have received from her both at personal and academic levels.
I also express my acknowledgement to the management, the Director and The H.O.D of Science and
Humanities of N.B.K.R.I.S.T., Vidyanagar for their encouragement.
It is a real pleasure for me to express my indebtedness to my wife, my beloved mother and other family
members for their care and encouragement.
I acknowledge the cooperation and assistance I have received from my friends and colleagues.
References:
Journals
[1] Anderson, M. Robert. “Thoma‟s „A Refusal to Mourn…‟” The Explicator. Vol.38, No.4 (Summer, 1980).
[2] Cox, C.B. “Dylan Thoma‟s „Fern Hill‟ ” The critical Quarterly. Vol.1, No.2 (Summer, 1959).
[3] Joshi, Neeta. “Influence of the Welsh Bardic Tradition in the Poetry of Dylan Thomas” Punjab University Research Bulletin. 21
(1990).
[4] Mckay, D.F. “Aspects of Energy in the Poetry of Dylan Thomas and Sylvia Plath” The Critical Quarterly. Vol.16, No.1
(Spring, 1974).
[5] Parshall, F. Peter “Thomas‟s The Force that Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower”. The Explicator. Vol.29, No.8
(April, 1971).
[6] Press, John. “Dylan Thomas: A Refusal to Mourn…., Fern Hill, over Sir John‟s Hill.” Notes on Literature. No.74,
(September, 1967 ).
[7] Smith, A.J. “Ambiguity as Poetic Shift (Analysis of Dylan Thomas‟s „Our Eunuch Dreams‟).” The Critical Quarterly. Vol.4,
No.1 (Spring, 1962).
[8] Terrel, F. Caroll. “Thomas‟s Over sir John‟s Hill.” The Explicator. Vol.38, No.4 (Summer, 1980).
[9] Williams Anne. “Thomas‟s Over Sir John‟s Hill.” The Explicator. Vol.38, No.4 (Summer, 1980).
[10] Willis, Roger. “Dylan Thomas: Under Milk Wood.” Notes on Literature. No.102 (January, 1970).
[11] Young, Allan. “Image as Structure: Dylan Thomas and Poetic Meaning.” The Critical Quarterly. Vol. 17, No.4
(Winter 1975).
Books
[12] Blamires, Harry, ed. A Guide to Twentieth Century Literature in English. London: Methuen, 1983.
[13] Brinnin, Joh Malcolm. Dylan Thomas in America (An Intimate Journal). New York: Viking, 1957.
[14] Cecil, Lord David, ed. The Oxford Book of Christian Verse. Oxford: Clarendon, 1940.
[15] Cox, C.B, ed. Dylan Thomas: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs : Prentice, 1966.
[16] Davies, Aneririn Talfan. Dylan: Druid of the Broken Body. Swansea: Salisbury, 1977.
[17] Davies, Walford. „Dylan Thomas‟, Arts : A Third Course Twentieth Century Poetry. Unit 26, Keynes: The Open University
Press, 1979.
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5. A Study Of Dylan Thomas’s Poetry
[18] Deutsch, Babette. Poetry in Our Time. New York: Columbia University Press, 1956.
[19] Eliot, T.S. Selected Essays. London: Faber, 1951.
[20] Essays Ancient and Modern. London: Faber & Faber, 1949.
[21] Evans, B. Ifor. A Short History of English Literature. Great Britain: Penguin Books, 1958.
[22] Ferris, Paul. Dylan Thomas. London : Hodder and Stonghton, 1978.
[23] Fitzgibbon, Constantine. The Life of Dylan Thomas. London: J.M. Dent, 1965.
[24] James, Daniel. My Friend Dylan Thomas. London: J.M. Dent, 1977.
[25] Jones, Gwyn. The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse in English. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.
[26] Kidder, M. Rushworth. Dylan Thomas: The Country of the Spirit. U.S.A: Princeton University Press, 1973.
[27] Kleinman, H.H. The Religious Sonnets of Dylan Thomas: A Study in Imagery and Meaning. Los Angeles: University of
California Press, 1963.
[28] Lodge, David. The Modes of Modern Writing. London : Edward Arnold, 1971.
[29] Monro, Harolid. Twentieth Century Poetry. London: Chatto and Windus, 1950.
[30] Moynihan, T. William. The Craft and Art of Dylan Thomas. New York : Cornell University Press, 1966.
[31] Olson, Elder. The Poetry of Dylan Thomas. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1954.
[32] Parry, Thomas. A History of Welsh Literature. Trans. Idris Bell, London: Oxford University Press, 1955.
[33] Pater, Walter. Appreciations. London: Macmillan, 1944.
[34] Singh, Brijraj, ed. Five Seventeenth Century Poets. New Delhi : OUP, 1992.
[35] Spender, Stephen. Since 1939, Drama, The Novel Poetry, Prose Literature. London : Longman, 1959.
[36] Tedlock, E.W, ed. Dylan Thomas: The Legend and the Poet. A Collection of Biographical and Critical Essays. London:
William Heinemann, 1960.
[37] Trindall, W.Y. A Reader‟s Guide to Dylan Thomas. New York: Ferras and Straus Company, 1962.
[38] Traherne, Thomas. Centuries of Meditations. London: Dertram Dobell, 1908.
[39] Treece, Henry. Dylan Thomas : „Dog Among the Fairies‟, Rev. ed. London: Ernest Benn, 1959.
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