Cisco's Application eXtension Platform (AXP) allows network services and applications to run on Cisco Integrated Services Routers (ISR). The AXP uses dedicated modules that have their own CPU, memory, and disk to run applications separately from the core router functionality. It provides a hardened Cisco Linux environment, programming support for C/C++, Java, and scripting languages, and APIs to integrate applications with the network through configuration, monitoring, and event triggers. The AXP enables use cases like running unified communications applications at enterprise branches to provide services locally and reduce WAN usage.