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AWS glue technical enablement training
- 1. AWS Glue Technical Enablement Training Kyle Escosia Jr. Data Science Specialist Info Alchemy
- 2. Agenda AWS Glue Overview AWS Glue Concepts AWS Glue Deep Dive Components AWS Glue Configurations (VPC, Security Groups, VPN, etc.) Reference Architectures Recent innovations Complementary AWS Services (DataBrew, Lake Formation, AWS API)
- 3. Data at scale Growing exponentially From new sources Increasingly diverse Used by many people Analyzed by many applications
- 4. Why data preparation? Data preparation is the first mile of Analytics Business Intelligence Machine Learning
- 5. Data preparation is hard Lots of data! Infrastructure management Data grows fast 10x every5years Data is more diverse Most jobshand-coded Brittle and error prone Machine / instance sizing Cluster lifecyclemanagement Scheduling andmonitoring Managingmetastores Needs customization
- 6. AWS Glue has evolved Then Now Fully Managed extract-transform-load (ETL) Service For developers, built by developers Serverless data preparation service ETL developers, data engineers, data scientists, business analysts, and more
- 8. Amazon S3 data lakestorage Building data lakes Break silos, store data in Amazon S3 AWSGlue jobs and workflows to ingest, process, and refine data instages Access data lakes viaa variety of cloud analytic engines Amazon RDS Other databases On-premises data Streaming data AWS Gluecrawlers load and maintain the Data Catalog AWS Lake Formation permissions to secure the data lake
- 10. AWS Glue Fully managed, serverless ETLservice for developers and datascientists
- 11. Serverlessreview No infrastructure provisioning, no management Automatic scaling Pay for value Highly available andsecure
- 12. Easily de-duplicate your data with ML transforms
- 13. ETL Jobs No resources to manage Charged hourly based on Data Processing Units (DPUs) - $0.44 per hour provides 4 vCPU and 16 GB of memory Three types Apache Spark Python Shell Spark Streaming Data Catalog Free for the first million objects stored (table, table version, partition, or database) $1.00 per 100,000 objects stored above 1M, per month Crawlers Charged hourly based on Data Processing Units (DPUs) $0.44 per DPU-Hour, billed per second, with a 10-minute minimum per crawler run With AWS Glue, you only pay for the time your ETL job takes to run. AWS Glue Usage and Pricing
- 14. AWS Glue Deep Dive Components
- 15. Security: IAM Permissions – A refresher IAM Users consist of a username and a password IAM Groups collection of users IAM Role an identity used to delegate access to AWS resources IAM Service Role a role that a service assumes to perform actions in your account on your behalf IAM Policy an entity, when attached to an identity, defines their permissions
- 16. AWS Glue Permissions Follow the least privilege access principle Requires an IAM Role AWS Managed Policy: AWSGlueServiceRole Custom Policy – fine-grained access Some related services Amazon S3, Amazon Redshift, Amazon CloudWatch
- 17. AWS Glue Components Crawlers Load andmaintain Data Catalog Infer metadata: schema, table structure Supports schema evolution AWS GlueData Catalog Apache Hive Metastore compatible Many integrated analytic services Extract, transform, and load Serverless execution Apache Spark / Python shell jobs Interactive development Auto-generate ETLcode Orchestrate triggers, crawlers, and jobs Build and monitor complex flows Reliable execution Workflow management
- 18. AWS Glue is used to cleanse, prep, and catalog AWS Glue DataCatalog Workflows orchestrate dataflows Process data instages Crawlers populate/maintain catalog Jobs execute ETLtransforms
- 19. What arecrawlers? Automatically discover new data and extract schema definitions detect schema changes and maintain tables detect Apache Hive style partitions on Amazon S3 Built-in classifiers for popular datatypes create your own custom classifier using Grok expressions Run on demand, on a schedule, or as parts of workflows
- 20. Crawlers discoverstructure Handles complex, nested fields Detects Hive-style partitions
- 21. What can crawlers classify?
- 22. Use excludepatterns to remove unnecessary files To ignore all Metadata files in the folders year=‘2017’ and for location s3://mydatasets s3://mydatasets year=2017/**/METADATA.txt
- 23. Improve performance with multiple crawlers Periodically audit long running crawlers to balance workloads Often crawlers are processing multiple datasets / tables Improve performance by using multiple crawlers Crawler granularity is table or dataset
- 24. What is anAWS Glue job? An AWS Glue job encapsulates the business logic that performs extract, transform, and load (ETL)work • A core building block in your production ETL pipeline • Provide your PySpark ETL script or have one automatically generated • Supports a rich set of built-in AWS Glue transformations • Jobs can be started, stopped,monitored
- 25. Under the hood:Apache Spark and AWSGlue ETL • Apache Spark is a distributed data processing engine with rich support for complex analytics • AWS Glue builds on the Apache Spark runtime to offer ETL-specific functionality SparkSQL AWS GlueETL Spark DataFrames AWS GlueDynamicFrames Spark Core:RDDs
- 26. Apache Spark – What is it? HDFS YARN MapReduce Spark Cassandra NoSQL Mesos Tez Distributed Storage Layer Cluster Resource Management Processing Framework Layer
- 27. Let’s try that again.. Think of a Bee Hive as your Distributed Storage A Bee Hive needs to have a Queen This Queen, serves as your Spark Driver The Worker Bees, serves as your worker nodes
- 28. Putting it together.. Generates the Spark Context Main Method Access to the Resource Manager Spark Driver Resource Manager Executor Cache Executor Cache Executor Cache Executor Cache The Queen The Worker Bees
- 29. DataFrames and DynamicFrames DataFrames Core data structure for SparkSQL Like structured tables Need schema upfront Each row has same structure Suited for SQL-like analytics DynamicFrames Like DataFrames forETL Designed for processing semi-structured data, e.g., JSON, Avro, Apachelogs
- 30. schema per-record, noupfront schema needed Easy to restructure, tag,modify Can be more compact than DataFrame rows Many flows can be done in single pass Dynamic Frame internals {“id”:”2489”, “type”: ”CreateEvent”, ”payload”: {“creator”:…}, …} Dynamic records type id type id Dynamic Frame schema type id {“id”:4391, “type”: “PullEvent”, ”payload”: {“assets”:…}, …} type id {“id”:”6510”, “type”: “PushEvent”, ”payload”: {“pusher”:…}, …} id
- 31. AWS Glue executionmodel: jobs and stages Filter Read Read Stage 1 Repartition Write Stage 2 Job 1 Stage 1 Job 2 Apply Mapping Filter Show Apply Mapping
- 32. AWS Glue executionmodel: jobs and stages Filter Read Repartition Write Read Job 1 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 1 Job 2 Apply Mapping Filter Show Apply Mapping Actions
- 33. AWS Glue executionmodel: jobs and stages Filter Read Read Job 1 Stage 1 Repartition Write Stage 2 Stage 1 Job 2 Apply Mapping Filter Show Apply Mapping Jobs
- 34. AWS Glue executionmodel: data partitions • Apache Spark and AWS Glue are data parallel. • Data is divided intopartitions that are processed concurrently. • 1 stage x 1 partition = 1 task Driver Executors Overall throughput islimited by the number of partitions
- 35. Performance bestpractices • Avoid unnecessary jobs and stages where possible • Ensure your data can be partitioned to utilize the entire cluster • Identify resource bottlenecks and pick the best worker type
- 36. Performance bestpractices • Avoid unnecessary jobs and stages where possible • Ensure your data can be partitioned to utilize the entire cluster • Identify resource bottlenecks and pick the best worker type Jobs Filter Read Job 1 Stage 1 Repartition Write Stage 2 Apply Mapping Read Filter Apply Mapping Job 2 Show
- 37. Performance bestpractices • Avoid unnecessary jobs and stages where possible • Ensure your data can be partitioned to utilize the entire cluster • Identify resource bottlenecks and pick the best worker type
- 38. • Text – xSV, JSON • May or may not be compressed • Human readable whenuncompressed • Not optimized foranalytics • Columnar – Parquet & ORC • Compressed in a binaryformat • Integrated indexes and stats • Optimized read performance when selecting only a subset of columns • Row – Avro • Compressed in a binaryformat • Optimized read performance when selecting all columns of a subset of rows File formats
- 39. Partitioning guidance • Chose columns that have low cardinality (uniqueness) • Partitioning on day/month/year has 365 unique values per year • Partitioning on seconds has millions of values per year • You can partition on any column, not just date • For example, s3://abc-corp-sales-data/country=xx/state=xx/bu=xx) • Look at your query patterns – what data do you want to query, and what do you want to filter out?
- 40. Performance bestpractices • Avoid unnecessary jobs and stages where possible • Ensure your data can be partitioned to utilize the entire cluster • Identify resource bottlenecks and pick the best worker type
- 41. Standard Provide the maximum capacity of DPUs (max. 100) 4 vCPUs of compute capacity and 16 GB of memory, 50 GB disk and 2 executors G.1X Provide the number of workers (max. 299) A Worker maps to 1 DPU (4 vCPU, 16 GB of memory, 64 GB disk) and 1 executor per worker Recommended for memory-intensive jobs G.2X Provide the number of workers (max. 149) A Worker maps to 2 DPU (8 vCPU, 32 GB of memory, 128 GB disk) and 1 executor per worker Recommended for memory-intensive jobs that run ML Transforms Worker Types
- 42. Performance bestpractices • Avoid unnecessary jobs and stages where possible • Ensure your data can be partitioned to utilize the entire cluster • Identify resource bottlenecks and pick the best worker type • Use G.1X and G.2X instances when your jobs need lots of memory • Executor memory issues happen most often during sort and shuffle operations • The driver most often runs out of memory when processing a very large number of input partitions
- 43. What is anAWS Glue trigger? Triggers are the “glue” in your AWS Glue ETL pipeline Triggers • Can be used to chain multiple AWS Glue jobs in a series • Can start multiple jobs atonce • Can be scheduled, on-demand, or based on job events • Can pass unique parameters to customize AWS Glue job runs
- 44. Three ways to set up anAWS Glue ETL pipeline • Schedule-driven • Event-driven • State machine–driven
- 45. Schedule-drivenAWS Glue ETL pipeline We work our way backward from a daily SLA deadline
- 46. Event-drivenAWS Glue ETL pipeline Let Amazon CloudWatch Events and AWS Lambda drive the pipeline
- 47. Example ETL flow Create and run a job that will • Consume data in S3 • Join the data • Select only the required columns • Write the results to a data lake on Amazon Simple Storage Service (AmazonS3) Monitor the running job Analyze the resulting dataset Join Data Select Columns Fill null values • Fill null values Goal: prepare and analyze POS Data
- 48. What are workflows and how do they work? DAGs with triggers, jobs, andcrawlers Graphical canvas for authoringworkflows Run / rerun and monitor workflow executions Share parameters across entities in the workflow
- 50. Building workflows Build workflows with: Graphical canvas APIs AWS CloudFormation templates
- 51. Monitoring workflows Easily monitor /see: workflows running now completed workflows status /errors
- 52. Track previously processed data Enable |disable |pause bookmarks onsources Rollback to a previous state if necessary Incrementaldata processing with job bookmarks
- 53. Examples uses: Process POS Data filesdaily Process log fileshourly Track timestamps or primary keys in DBs Track generated foreign keysfor normalization Bookmarks are per-job checkpoints that track the work done in previous runs. They persist the state of sources, transforms, and sinks on each run. run 1 run 2 run 3 Incrementaldata processing withjobbookmarks
- 54. Option Behavior Enable Pick up from where you left off Disable Ignore and process the entire dataset every time Pause Temporarily disable advancing the bookmark run 1 run 2 enable disable pause run 3 Examples: Enable: Process the newest githubarchive partition Disable: Process the entire githubarchivetable Pause: Process the previous githubarchive partition Job bookmark options
- 55. Job bookmark example year … … 2017 11 12 28 month day 27 hour … year … … 2017 11 12 28 month day 27 hour … Input table … … run 1 run 2 … Output table Periodically run ajob avoid reprocessing previous input avoid generating duplicate output
- 56. Questions?
- 57. Agenda AWS Glue Overview AWS Glue Concepts AWS Glue Deep Dive Components AWS Glue Configurations (VPC, Security Groups, VPN, etc.) Reference Architectures Recent innovations Complementary AWS Services (DataBrew, Lake Formation, AWS API)
- 59. Key Concepts Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) allows you to specify an IP address range for the VPC, add subnets, associate security groups, and configure route tables. Subnet is a range of IP addresses in your VPC. Public Subnet Internet Private Subnet No Internet VPN connection Virtual Private Gateway (VGW) Amazon Side Customer Gateway (CGW) Physical device on your Corporate Network Security Groups controls inbound and outbound traffic for your instances
- 60. Accessing on premise network
- 61. 10.10.10.0/24 Detailed Architecture AWS VPC (10.10.0.0/16) 10.10.11.0/24 NAT-GW IGW AWS Glue ENIs: 10.10.10.x Amazon RDS VGW Amazon S3 VPCe VPN Tunnel CGW Destination Target 10.10.0.0/16 local 0.0.0.0 NAT-GW-id Destination Target 10.10.0.0/16 local 0.0.0.0 IGW-id JDBC Connection Internet Destination Target 10.10.0.0/16 local 0.0.0.0 NAT-GW-id 172.31.0.0/16 VGW-id
- 62. Questions?
- 63. Agenda AWS Glue Overview AWS Glue Concepts AWS Glue Deep Dive Components AWS Glue Configurations (VPC, Security Groups, VPN, etc.) Reference Architectures Recent innovations Complementary AWS Services (DataBrew, Lake Formation, AWS API)
- 65. CPFI Data lake Architecture
- 66. Agenda AWS Glue Overview AWS Glue Concepts AWS Glue Deep Dive Components AWS Glue Configurations (VPC, Security Groups, VPN, etc.) Reference Architectures Recent innovations Complementary AWS Services (DataBrew, Lake Formation, AWS API)
- 68. RecentAWS Glue innovations Merge/ transition/purge SageMaker notebooks AWS Glue streaming Vertical scaling PartitionIndex Pause and resume workflows Bahrain Spark UI Crawler performance Sao Paulo Custom JDBC certificates Milan AWS GlueVPC sharing AWS Glue2.0 C-based libraries MongoDB Amazon DocumentDB Self-managed Kafka support AWS Glue Studio Spark 2.4.3 AVRO support Continuous logging Hong Kong Resource tags Python shell jobs GovCloud AWS Glue workflows Python 3.7on Spark Stockholm Wheel dependency Job bookmarks FindMatches ML transforms China Regions AWS GlueETL binaries 50+ new features and regions
- 69. AWS Glue 2.0:New engine for real-time workloads Cost effective New job execution engine with a new scheduler 10x faster job start times Predictable job latencies Enables micro-batching Latency-sensitive workloads Fast and predictable Diverse workloads 1-minute minimum billing 4 5 % cost savings on average
- 70. AWS Glue Studio: New visual ETL interface M A K E S I T E A S Y TO A U T H O R , R U N , A N D M O N I TO R AW S G L U E E T L J O B S Author AWS Glue jobs visually without coding Monitor 1000s of jobs through a single pane of glass Distributed processing without the learning curve Advanced transforms through code snippets
- 71. Agenda AWS Glue Overview AWS Glue Concepts AWS Glue Deep Dive Components AWS Glue Configurations (VPC, Security Groups, VPN, etc.) Reference Architectures Recent innovations Complementary AWS Services
- 73. AWS Glue DataBrew V I S U A L D ATA P R E PA R AT I O N F O R A N A LY T I C S A N D M A C H I N E L E A R N I N G GenerallyAvailable!
- 74. AmazonManagedWorkflowsforApacheAirflow H I G H LY AVA I L A B L E , S E C U R E , A N D M A N A G E D W O R K F LO W O R C H E S T R AT I O N F O R A PA C H E A I R F LO W Preview
- 75. AWSLake Formation Build a secure data lake in days Simplify security management Centrally define security,governance and auditing policies Enforce policiesconsistently across multiple services Integrates with IAM andKMS Provide self-service access to data Build a data catalogthat describes your data Enable analysts and datascientists to easily find relevantdata Analyze with multipleanalytics services without moving data Build datalakes quickly Move, store, catalog, and clean your data faster Transform to openformats like Parquet and ORC ML-based deduplication and recordmatching
- 76. AWS API Boto3 for Python https://boto3.amazonaws.com /v1/documentation/api/latest/ guide/index.html Examples: Upload files to S3 Download files from S3 Run a Glue Job Run a Workflow