This document provides information on company auditors, including their appointment, qualifications, rights, duties, and removal. It defines auditing as the systematic examination of a company's books and records to verify financial operations. An auditor must be independent, have integrity, be objective, and have communication skills. Their rights include access to records and attendance of shareholder meetings. Duties include complying with standards, reporting fraud, and signing audit reports. Auditors are typically appointed by directors or shareholders and can be removed before their term with proper notice and representation rights.

1. COMPANY AUDITOR:
APPOINTMENT & REMOVAL

2. WHAT IS AUDITING?
“Auditing is a systematic
examination of the books and
records of a business or other
organizations in order to verify and
to report upon the facts regarding
the financial operations and the
results thereof.”

3. QUALITIES OF AN AUDITOR
 Independence
 Integrity
 Objectivity
 Ability for expression and communication
 Tactfulness
 Awareness

4. RIGHTS & POWERS OF AN
AUDITORRight of access at all times
to books, accounts, and
vouchers of the company
Right to receive notice and
to attend general meetings
Right to obtain information
and explanations
Right to visit branches
Right to sign audit report
Right to receive
remuneration

5. DUTIES OF AN AUDITOR
1) Compliance with Audit Standard
2) Duty to Report Fraud
3) Duty not to render certain services
He can not render "consulting and specialized services"
which means any one or combination of-
 Accounting and Book keeping services
 Internal Audit
 Design and implementation of any financial information
system
 actuarial services
 investment advisory services
 investment banking services
 management services
 any other kind of consultancy services

6. 4) Duty to sign audit reports etc.
5) Duty to attend General meeting
6) Duty to Report
Under section 143 of the Act the auditor has a duty
to report to the members of the company on:
 accounts examined by him
 every financial statement laid before a general meeting
during his tenure
7) Duty to Enquire-
 Secures loans and advances
 transactions represented merely by book entries
 personal expenses
 issue of shares for cash
 loans and advances made by the company etc.

7. APPOINTMENT OF AN AUDITOR

8. WHO CAN BECOME AN
AUDITOR?
(Section 226)
Chartered Accountant
in practice
Partnership firm of
CA’s in practice
Holder of a certificate
in Part ‘B’ States

9. DISQUALIFICATIONS OF AN
AUDITOR
 A body corporate
 An officer or employee of the company under audit
 A person who is a partner, or who is in the
employment of an officer or employee of the
company
 A person who is indebted to the company for an
amount exceeding Rs.1000
 A person holding security of that company
 A person who has been disqualified for appointment
as an auditor of a company on above mentioned
grounds, shall also not be eligible for appointment
with any other body corporate which may be that
company’s subsidiary or that company’s holding
company.

10. WHO CAN APPOINT AN
AUDITOR?
• Appointment by directors
• Appointment by shareholders
• Appointment by the Central Government
• Appointment by the Comptroller and
Auditor General

11. APPOINTMENT BY DIRECTORS
 FIRST AUDITORS :
The board of directors shall appoint the first auditor(s)
of the company within One Month of the Date Of
Registration of the company.
 CASUAL VACANCY:
The directors have been empowered to fill any casual
vacancy in the office of an auditor, except which is
caused by prior resignation of an auditor.

12. APPOINTMENT BY
SHAREHOLDERS
 FIRST AUDITORS :
In case the directors fail to appoint the first auditor(s), the
shareholders shall do so at a general meeting by passing
a resolution.
 SUBSEQUENT AUDITORS:
(i) By Ordinary Resolution
(ii) By Special Resolution
 CASUAL VACANCY:
If a casual vacancy in the office of an auditor arises by
his resignation, such vacancy should only be filled by the
company in a General Meeting.
The company shall within 7 days give intimation to the auditor so
appointed. The auditor shall inform in writing to the Registrar of
Companies within 30 days of his appointment.

13. APPOINTMENT BY CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT
If a company, at an annual general meeting,
fails to appoint or re-appoint an auditor, the
Central Government may appoint a person
to fill the vacancy.
 The company has to give notice of the above fact to
the Government within 7 days of the Annual General
Meeting.
 The appointment by the Central Government is made
from the panel of names suggested by the applicant
company.

14. APPOINTMENT BY THE
COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR
GENERAL
In case of Government Companies, the
Comptroller and Auditor General appoints or
re-appoints the auditor.

15. The retiring auditor shall NOT be re-appointed in the following c
RE-APPOINTMENT OF AN
AUDITOR

17. Ceiling on Number of Audits
Provisions of the
Act
Objective of the
ceiling
Compliance
Ceiling in case of
individuals
Ceiling in case of
Partnership firm

18. REMUNERATION OF THE AUDITOR

19. 1.Fees to the Auditor
2.Expenses
3.Cost of any facility
provided to the
auditor
CONSTITUENTS OF
REMUNERATION

20. • In case of first auditor
appointed by the board of
directors
Board of
Directors
• In case of auditors
appointed by the
shareholders in the general
meeting
Shareholders
in the General
Meeting
• In case of auditors
appointed by the CAG
for government company
Shareholders
in the General
Meeting
WHO CAN FIX
REMUNERATION?

21. REMOVAL OF AUDITOR

22. REMOVAL OF AUDITOR BEFORE
THE EXPIRY OF HIS TERM
Section 224(7)
The purpose of this section is to make the
removal of an independent and conscientious
auditor difficult.
 Removal of First Auditor
 Removal of Subsequent Auditor

23. AUDITOR IN
PLACE OF A RETIRING
AUDITOR
Section 225
 SPECIAL NOTICE OF THE RESOLUTION: For
appointing a person other than the retiring auditor, a
special notice of such a resolution should be given to
the company at least fourteen days before the
meeting.
 RIGHT OF RETIRING AUDITOR TO MAKE
REPRESENTATION: The retiring auditor has a right
to make representations in writing to the company, not
exceeding a reasonable length, and request for their
notification to the members.

24.  RIGHT TO GET REPRESENTATION
CIRCULATED: The company, on receipt of the
representation, shall mention the fact of the
representation in the notice of the meeting and
send a copy thereof to every member to whom
the notice of the meeting is sent.
 GROUND FOR EXEMPTION: If the Central
Government, on the application, is satisfied that
the auditor is securing needless publicity of a
defamatory matter, it can exempt the company
from sending the copy of representations to the
members.
 OTHER RIGHTS: Besides the rights mentioned,
the retiring auditor also has a right to be heard at
the meeting.
 PASSING OF RESOLUTION: The general

25. PENALTY FOR NON-
COMPLIANCE
According to section 232 of the Companies Act,
1956, if default is made by a company in
complying with any of the provisions contained in
section 225, the company and every officer of the
company who is in default, shall be punishable
with fine which may extend up to five thousand
rupees.