1. Maharaja Institute of Technology
Mysore
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Project Phase
“DESIGNAND FABRICATION OF MANUALLY OPERATED
PAPERPOT PLANT TRANSPLANTING MACHINE”
Under the guidance of
Prof. PURUSHOTHAM S
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
MIT Mysore
Presented by
KAUSHIK P
MANOHAR V N
NIRANJAN B
4MH16ME048
4MH16ME056
4MH16ME072
3. Introduction
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy and
main occupation of two-third of population and is
dependent on agriculture directly or indirectly. It is
not merely a source of livelihood but a way of life…
Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm
output. About 40 kinds of vegetables are grown in
India
Transplanting is practice which involves the placing
of seedlings either on ridge or well prepared
seedbed, such that they starts establishing their roots
and survive as a separate plant
4. Introduction to paper pot transplanter
1)Paper pot is seedling material of honeycomb structure made by paper only. it can supply air and
water to plant root.
Fig.01 Paper pots chain
5. 2) Transplanter is a machine use to transplant plant using paper pot chain
mechanism.
Fig.02 paper pot transplanter
6. Working
a) The paper pot transplanter works on similarly to a direct
seeder in design.
b) There is a furrower in the front that makes a trough, the
plants are fed through a channel to drop into trough, and
there are two wings that push the soil back around the
plants, two wheels at the tail end lightly compact the soil
around the plants.
c) There is a large tray space for tray of transplant to feed out
off. The key part of this design is paper pot tray that the
seeds are planted into.
d) These little paper pots are actually loops attached into a
chain that looks similar to a honeycomb. The paper pots
unchain as you move the transplanter, feeding themselves
through the transplanter.
Fig.03 working of paper pot transplanter
7. Advantages Disadvantages Application
a) The paper pot is that can use it for
many different crops.
b) Maintains the uniform spacing
between rows while operation.
c) The paper chain pots can be made
in 2,4 or 6 inch in row spacing.
d) Transplant about 264 seeding’s in
less than a 5minute.
e) The paper is organic, holds up
well until transplanting, then
decomposes once in ground.
f) It can be operated by single person
and avoids human errors.
a) The paper pot transplanter works
best in loose soil that doesn’t have
too many rocks or detritus.
b) Occasionally, if chain will break
or detritus will have stuck under
furrower and slow down the
transplantation.
c) Minor manual operational
adjustments are required.
a) Paper pot transplanter can be used
for both small scale farming and
large agricultural fields.
b) The paper pot transplanter can be
used for radish, cabbage,
cauliflower, onion, and herbs etc...
8. Literature review
SLNO AUTHOR TITLE JOURNAL WORK RESULTS
1 Suman T U,
Supreeth P
et al.
Automated
baby plant
planting
machine
International
research journal
of engineering
and technology,
volume 06
issue: 05 may
2019.
Planting machine works on the principle of slider crank
mechanism. It converts rotary mechanism from the ground
wheels to the reciprocating motion of cylinders which is
used for making cavity on the soil surface to feed the
plants.A conveyer mechanism is used to place the plants
and feed them into the field. Power to this conveyer is also
taken from the ground wheels.
Planting process is carried out on
33x33 feet land it completes planting
in 12mins and it completes one acre
of land in about 8 hours where in
manual operation needs at least of
15hours to complete the same land.
2 Carpenter
G, Byale N
A et al.
Manually
operated single
row vegetable
transplanter for
vegetable
seedlings
International
journal of
agriculture of
science, volume
09 issue 53
2017.
Vegetable transplanter upto one feet height and allow to
free fall in the soil, dropping the seeding delivery tube,
pressing the lever in upward direction which enables the
jaw to open the soil and seeding was placed in the soil by
gravity and lifting the transplanter with open jaw and close
after raising the transplanter by one feet height.
Time saving over manual
transplanting is 52%
9. SLN
O
AUTHOR TITLE JOURNAL REVIEW RESULTS
3 Manjunath
Pai, Sandesh
Sharma et al.
A study on
semi-
automatic
vegetable
planting
machine
National
conference
on advances
in
mechanical
engineering
science
ISSN 2231-
5381 2016.
It was found that the entire arrangement of planting machine is
connected together with tractor moves forward the grounding wheel
will be rotated.Power wheel is rotating which transmit power to plunger
through chain and sprocket mechanism. Cam is mounted on sprocket
shaft which push plunger downward direction. Once plunger is
penetrating in the soil and during backward stroke flapper is open so
seed get separated from plunger that seed can be placed uniformly in a
row with required distance between plants.
seed get separated from plunger that se
can be placed uniformly in a row with
required distance between plants.
4 P.V Thoart,
K.B Jhala et
al.
Design,
development
and
performance
evaluation of
manually
operated two
row trolley
type
vegetable
International
journal of
current
microbiolog
y and
applied
science
ISSN: 2319-
7706
volume 06
It was found that the jaw is main operational part of vegetable
transplanter which was fitted at the bottom of hallow delivery tubes (4
numbers) for transplanting.
Maximum field efficiency of 86.755%
was obtained for 4-week age seedlings
bare bed.
10. Summary of literature survey
a) With reference to literature survey we came to know that plant transplanting
machine works either manually operating or connected together with the tractor
with provision provided in the machine.
b) Transplanting of plant are actuated by various mechanism like slider crank
mechanism through chain and sprocket arrangement etc. By using this type of
arrangement one can achieve transplanting of plant with good efficiency,
consuming less time compared to traditional planting method and accurate in-
row spacing is obtained.
11. Problem definition
The average yield of vegetables in india is still lower than that in many Asian countries.
Transplanting of plants in manual is labour-intensive operation. In peak seasons due
unavailability of labours, timely transplanting is not possible. Cost of labours being increased
day by day and therefore manual transplanting is becoming uneconomical. Proposed
transplanter was designed on the basis of morphological parameters of seedlings, agronomical
requirements and ergonomical consideration for transplanting plants at a time.
12. Objectives
a) 1)Design of paper pot for desired planting condition.
b) 2)Design and fabrication of manually operated paper pot plant transplanting
machine.
14. Material details
In this project, materials for different parts are used in building of transplanter is mild
steel. The selection of appropriate material for respective components was based on
following mechanical properties such as,
a) Tensile strength
b) Bending strength
c) Compressive strength
d) Shear strength
e) Yield strength
f) Hardness
g) Weight
h) Cost of the material
15. Design calculation
1) Design of tray
Selection of material
Mild steel 20gauge σyt1=150Mpa
Density=7891.093 Kg/m3
20 gauge=0.953 mm
Assume total 264 paper pot contains in tray
One paper pot mass=30 grams
Mass of total pots F0=264*30 =7920 grams =7.92kg =77.6952 N
Area of tray containing paper pots,A0= L*B
= 24*12
= 288 sq inch= 185806.08mm2
Compressive stress on frame = F0/A0
=77.6952/185806.08
= 4.1815*10-4 N/mm2 = 418.1520 N/m2
The Yield stress is greater than induced stress ray therefore tray design is safe
Fig.4: 2D and 3D diagram of tray
16. Force required to pull the tray
Friction force in rolling
Force due to rolling tire in loose sand= 0.2-0.4
Lets radius of front tire=101.6mm
Total load on front wheel = load of paper pot +load of tray
Load of tray= 1kg = 9.81N
It is distributed on two front wheel=9.81/2=4.905 N
Load of paper pot on each wheel =77.6952/2=38.8476N
Therefore, Total load W1=4.905+38.8476=43.7526N
Force required to overcome the rolling friction of front wheel
F1=f*W1/r1=0.4*43.7526/101.6 = 0.1722 N/mm= 172.25 N/m
Total two front wheel required = 172.25 N/m force
Let radius of rear tire r2= 76.2mm
Load due to tray and support on rear wheel W2 = 1kg =9.81N
Force required to overcome the rolling friction by rear wheel F2=f*W2/r2=0.4*9.81/76.2=0.0514N/mm =51.49 N/m
Fig.5: Top view of transplanter
17. 2) Design of soil anchor
Force required to pull the anchor =F3=m a
Where, m= load of transplanter + load of paper pots = 15kg + 8 kg =23kg =225.63 N
a= average man walking speed = 1.5km/ hour = 0.416 m/sec
F3=225.63 * 0.416 = 93.86 = 94 N
F=Total horizontal force
Fig 6: Resultant force acting on handle
Total resultant force on handle, F= R*Cosϴ
R=317.74/cos35 =387.88 N
18. 3) Design of handle
Handle is made up 1 inch round pipe
Handle length = 457.2 mm
Handle is pull by hand therefore pipe is subjected to tensile force.
Therefore, σ= R/A1
Where ,A1= surface area of handle
= π D L1 = π*0.0254*8.61288 =0.03648 m2
σ= 387.88/0.03648 =10632.675 N/mm2= 10.6326N/m2
handle is made up of material galvanized steel , σyl2=55000 psi =379.212 Mpa
FOS= σyl /σall
Consider FOS =3
Therefore , σall=σyl/FOS =379.212 /3 =126.404 N/mm2=126.404*106 N/m2
σ > σ
Fig.7: 2D and 3D diagram of pull handle
19. 5) Main body and furrower support
The Main body is made up of sheet metal of 20 gauge mild steel of 0.81mm thickness in which
the furrower support is attached at the bottom side by gas welding and it is joined with tray
using nut and blot assembly.
Fig.7: 2D and 3D diagram of main body and furrower support
20. 6) Furrower
The furrower is made up of mild steel and it is welded to furrower support in order to dig the
soil.
Fig.8: 2D and 3D diagram of furrower
21. 7) Wings
The wings is made up of sheet metal of 20 gauge of thickness 0.81mm of material mild steel
and it is joined at the end of body to pack the soil on the plant on both the side as symmetric to
each other.
Fig.9: 2D and 3D diagram of wings
22. 8) Support link
The support link is made up of sheet metal of mild steel material of 20 gauge to support the
rear wheel link and it is joined to body by nut and bolt on both side as it is symmetric to each
other.
Fig.10: 2D and 3D diagram of support link
23. 9) Rear wheel link
The rear wheel link is made up mild steel and drilled to support rear wheel and joined to the
support link.
Fig.11: 2D and 3D diagram of rear wheel link
24. 10) Rear wheel
The rear wheel is joined to rear wheel link using nut and bolt that is used to press the soil
around the plant.
Fig.12: 2D and 3D diagram of rear wheel
25. Parameters Dimensions
In row Planting distance
50mm
Pot diameter 30mm
Pot height 30mm
Pot length 14000mm
The number of pots per tray 264 pots
11) Design of paper pots for desired planting condition
Apaper pots is made up of tracing paper for 264 seedlings of 50mm in row spacing for radish
crop.
Table.1: design of paper pots( radish seedlings)
Fig.13: 2D and 3D diagram of paper pots
28. STEP TO BE FOLLOWED IN STARTING THE
PLANT TRANSPLANTION
> Preparation of paper pot chain and soil bed for transplanting
Fig.16:Preparation of paper pot with seedlings
Fig.17:Preparation of soil bed
29. Testing
A transplanter with paper pot chain is tested with 33 paper pots of radish seedlings and the
transplanter works as expected.
Fig .18 Testing with 33 paper pots
30. Result and Discussions
The paper pot plant transplanter works satisfactorily and paper chain is made with double layer of paper and it
unchain properly without any damage and moves in path provided in main body and it is tested with radish baby
plant and it is transplanted successfully as shown in the figure below with maintaining the proper in row spacing.
Fig 19.After Transplanting 33 paper pots seedlings
It took less than 40 seconds to transplant 33 paper pot seedlings in a single stretch.
31. COST ESTIMATION
Sl. No. Description Amount in Rs.
1
Raw Material
(sheet metal, Square rod pipes)
690
2 wheels 500
3 Fabrication cost 750
4 Tracing paper 160
5 Paint 200
6 Germination tray 240
7 Miscellaneous cost 200
Total 2740
32. CONCLUSION
> The paper pot transplanting machine works satisfactorily with transplanting rate of 33
seedlings in just 40 seconds compared to 8 or 5 seedlings/min in case of manual
transplanting for raised bed condition.
> Weight of transplanter is less than 25kg so that it can easily handled by single operator and
it is simple, low cost and found suitable for transplanting of various vegetable , herbs and
flower seedlings.
Future Scope
The machine is driven by man power but engine can be
coupled to enhance the performances.
Paper pot chain of different in row spacing can prepared for
different seedlings.
Machine can be developed to transplant several rows
simultaneously.
33. References
1Suman T U, Supreeth P et al. “Automated baby plant planting machine”, International
research journal of engineering and technology, volume 06 issue: 05 may 2019.
2Carpenter G, Byale N A et al. “Manually operated single row vegetable transplanter for
vegetable seedlings” international journal of agriculture of science, volume 09 issue 53
2017.
3Manjunath Pai, Sandesh Sharma et al. “ A study on semi-automatic vegetable planting
machine”, national conference on advances in mechanical engineering science ISSN 2231-
5381 2016.
4P.V Thoart, K.B Jhala et al. “ Design, development and performance evaluation of
manually operated two row trolley type vegetable type transplanter”, International journal
of current microbiology and applied science ISSN: 2319-7706 volume 06 NOV 2017.
5 Akshay S kadlag, Prajwal S Tajane et al. “ Automatic planting farm equipment”
,IJARIIE -ISSN(0) -2395-4396 , vol-5 issue-2 2019
