The geography curriculum for the 7th standard at Frank Middle School covers the following topics over two terms: Term 1 includes Europe, Africa, renewable and non-renewable energy, atmosphere, weather and climate. Term 2 covers topographic maps, industries, Australia, weathering and soil formation, and Antarctica. Students will use a textbook for reference at home and practice questions in their notebooks. Doubts regarding practice questions will be discussed after each topic.

1. GEOGRAPHY CURRICULUM (2019-20)
TERM 1
1)EUROPE
2)AFRICA
3)ENERGY (RENEWABLE AND NON RENEWABLE)
4)ATMOSPHERE
5)WEATHER AND CLIMATE
TERM 2
1)TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
2)INDUSTRIES
3)AUSTRALIA
4)WEATHERING & SOIL FORMATION
5)ANTARCTICA
FRANK MIDDLE SCHOOL
GEOGRAPHY (STD 7)
NOTE:
 The textbook to be used
strictly for reference at
home.
 The same needs to be
revised as the chapter
progresses
 Practice questions to be
solved in the notebook
 The students must start
solving the practice
questions in a perpetual
manner
 Doubts regarding the
practice qs. will be
discussed at the end of the
topic.

2. CASE STUDY:
The apex body of judiciary in India announced an absolute ban on the
sale of fire crackers in the Delhi-NCR region on 10th of October 2017 ,
suspending the sale of firecrackers till November 1, 2017 in a bid to test
whether a Diwali without firecrackers this year will have a “positive effect”
on the air quality.
According to experts, the air quality deteriorates drastically around
Diwali as a thick layer of smog, mixed with dangerous chemicals, engulfs
the city and causes various diseases amongst the population.
Doctors and environmentalists have welcomed the Supreme Court’s
decision and expressed the hope that it would ensure a relatively cleaner
Diwali this year. This may give some relief from the episodic air pollution
levels in October.
QUESTIONS:
1)Summarise the case as per your understanding.
2) Derive the cause and effect relationship from the case study.
3) Which realm of the earth is the case related to? Why?

3. Learning outcomes:
 Meaning of air and atmosphere
 Composition of atmosphere
 Structure of atmosphere
 Importance of atmosphere
 Greenhouse effect- causes
 Global warming – causes & impact
 Measures to reduce global warming

4. ATMOSPHERE:
A mixture of gases around any celestial body.
AIR:
A mixture of gases predominant to the earth’s atmosphere.
Points to remember:
 Earth is the only planet in the solar system with an atmosphere
that can sustain life
 This blanket of air not only protects us from harmful rays of the
sun, but also controls temperature.
 This blanket of gases is thickest at the sea level and decreases with
height.
 The gravitational pull of the earth holds the air in place, so
atmosphere exerts pressure.
https://youtu.be/nGtFDw2fdNA (air pressure)
https://youtu.be/PMenuLJmV0I

5. COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERE:
 Nitrogen (78 percent) and oxygen (21 percent) make up 99
percent of the atmosphere.
 The rest 1 percent comprises of carbon dioxide, hydrogen,
helium and argon. Water vapour, dust particles and smoke are
the other constituents.
 At many places the atmosphere also has many impurities like
smoke, carbon monoxide and other chemicals.
ACTIVITY: Make a pie chart to show the above composition of
the atmosphere

7.  Carbon Dioxide (Greenhouse gas)
• The carbon dioxide in the air traps the solar heat and keeps the earth
warm, maintaining a sustainable temperature for life to exist on our
planet.
• This trapping of heat on earth is called the greenhouse effect. Without
this greenhouse effect the earth would be freezing cold and difficult
to live in.
• Excessive increase in the volume of carbon dioxide causes an
increase in the greenhouse effect, leading to rise in temperature all
over the world. This phenomenon is called Global warming.
https://youtu.be/foYhs4v6bcg (greenhouse effect)
https://youtu.be/oJAbATJCugs (greenhouse effect)

9. https://youtu.be/ZyIVaZXDhho (stratos jump)
The Strong Man ate The Eclaire
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Troposphere
Stratosphere (Ozonosphere)
Mesosphere
Thermosphere (Ionosphere)
Exosphere
H.W: Draw a neat labelled diagram of the layers of the
atmosphere along with their height and features.
(refer page 10)

11. TROPOSPHERE (8 to18km)
 This is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. It is also known as the
weather layer (clouds, rainfall, fog, hailstorm, etc.) take place in the
Troposphere.
 This is the thickest layer of the atmosphere and its thickness varies
from 8 to 18 km.
 It also traps the terrestrial heat to keep the earth warm
 In this layer, temperature decreases with height.
 The boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere is
called the tropopause.

12. STRATOSPHERE (50 km)
 This layer is free from clouds and weather phenomenon
 This is a stable layer with reasonable amount of gravity and
resistance, hence ideal for flying aircrafts (highest 30 km)
 Temperature increases with height
 Consists of ozone gas
 Stratopause separates it from the mesosphere

13. MESOSPHERE (80 km)
 This is the coldest layer as it comprises of minimal or no resistance due
to absence of dust, clouds, or ozone to trap the sun’s heat
 This is where meteors burn up as they enter the earth’s atmosphere, due
to zero resistance in this layer
The immense speed of the meteor causes the friction
 Mesopause separates it from the thermosphere

14. THERMOSPHERE or IONOSPHERE (450 KM)
 Absorbs sun’s rays and is the hottest layer, and temperature increases
with height
 The upper part is called ionosphere, where satellites are placed
 Ions are formed due to high temperature which help in transmitting
signals
EXOSPHERE (1500 KM)
 Outer space
 Thinnest & rarefied layer with very few molecules
 Lightest gases such as hydrogen and helium are found here.

15. LAYER EXTEND NATURE OF
TEMPERATURE
SPECIAL
FEARURES
1.Troposphere Upto 18 km Decreases with
height
Weather
conditions,
Densest layer,
traps terrestrial
heat
2.Stratosphere Upto 50 km Increases with
height
Ideal for flying
aircrafts, consists
of ozone
3.Mesosphere Upto 80 km Coldest layer Meteors burn up
here, coldest layer
4.Thermosphere Upto 450 km Hottest layer Ions form here
which transmit
radio signals
5.Exopshere Upto 1500 km Varies (cold at
night and hot
during the day)
Rarefied, consists
of lighter gases
like helium,
hydrogen

16. ACTIVITY: Advertise any one layer of your choice based on its features
H.W: Draw a neat labelled diagram of the structure of the atmosphere in your
notebook (blank side), mark their height and mention the features also.
(refer page no. 10)
Aurora Borealis/
Australis
(Occurs in the high
altitude regions. Caused
due to electrically
charged particles in the
thermosphere

17. https://youtu.be/oJAbATJCugs
Greenhouse effect- causes
The trapping of the heat by the greenhouse gases
Halons- Compounds of Chlorine, Bromine used in
fire extinguishers
Global warming – causes and impact
The rise in the earth’s temperature
CO2 FOSSIL FUELS
Methane Wetlands, paddy fields, livestock
Nitrogen oxide Chemical fertilisers
Ozone Ozone layer
CFC Refrigerants

18. CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING:
 Burning of fossil fuel
 Industrial emissions
 Deforestation (carbon sink)
 Fertilisers (Nitrogen)
 Rearing of animals
Impact of global warming:
 Dried up soil
 Vector borne diseases
 Forest fires
 Melting of glaciers
 Tropical cyclones and hurricanes
 Climate refugees
 Loss of habitat

19. MEASURES TO REDUCE GLOBAL WARMING:
 Use of CFL bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs
 Eco cities (green cities)
 Follow the 3Rs
 Van Mahotsav
ACTIVITY: Demonstration as to how the given situation leads to global
warming and mention the measures to reduce global warming
Situation 1: Use of excessive paper
Situation 2: Use of vehicles to travel
Situation 3: Burning of garbage to get rid of garbage piles
Situation 4: Use of electricity
Situation 5: Farming methods using chemical fertilisers
Situation 6: Getting rid of industrial waste
H.W: Find out the green cities in India

20. OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES (ODS)
 CFCs – released via refrigerants
IMPACT OF OZONE DEPLETION:
 Skin Cancer, cataract
 Stunted growth in plants
 Destroy Aquatic plants
EFFECTS TO PREVENT OZONE DEPLETION:
 Montreal Protocol (16th Sep’1987)
 World Ozone day – 16TH Sep
 Purchase ‘CFC Free’ appliances
https://youtu.be/aU6pxSNDPhs (Ozone depletion)