Water covers over 72% of the Earth's surface, with 97% being ocean water which is unsuitable for consumption. The remaining 3% is fresh water, with over 61% located in Antarctica in the form of glaciers and snow. Europe has over 38,000 km of coastline bordering numerous seas and oceans. Its major water bodies include the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and rivers such as the Volga, which at over 3,500 km is the longest in Europe. Lakes cover about 1.6% of the continent's area. Glaciers comprise approximately 1% of Europe's surface.
The Biebrza National Park is located in northeast Poland along the Biebrza River and its wetlands. It has a continental climate with long, cold winters and short growing seasons. The park protects 59,233 hectares of forests, agricultural land, and wetlands, making it Poland's largest national park. It is known for its highly biodiverse marshes and peatlands that support over 270 bird species, including many threatened species. One of the greatest threats to the park is artificial drainage of wetlands for agriculture.
The Pieniny National Park is located in southern Poland along the border with Slovakia. It protects an area of 23.46 square kilometers of forested mountain landscape within the Pieniny mountain range. The park contains a great diversity of plant and animal species, with over 13,000 species documented, due to its varied terrain and microclimates. Notable species include the Apollo butterfly, lesser horseshoe bat, lynx, and signs of visiting brown bears.
Water is essential for life but scarce in much of Africa. The continent has diverse hydrology, from vast deserts with only seasonal rivers to huge river systems thousands of miles long. The largest lake is Lake Chad, though it is shrinking due to environmental problems. Most notable is the Nile River, over 6,600 km long. Lack of drinking water is a major issue as much of Africa's water is saline ocean or sea water. Various organizations work to improve access to water in Africa where indicators often exceed acceptable pollution levels.
The document discusses water resource conflicts that could arise in the Middle East due to a potential decline in surface and ground water availability combined with increasing demand from growing populations. It suggests that water may become the underlying cause of the next major regional conflict in the area.
Water resources in Australia and Oceania by Group4e-twinning
The document discusses water management and resources in Australia. It notes that Australia has poor water supply and an underdeveloped waterway network, with 60% of the country being landlocked. It describes rainfall patterns, major river systems concentrated in eastern Australia, and many lakes, though most are landlocked. It concludes by summarizing the discovery by Australian researchers of vast fresh water resources below the ocean floor, which could help address continuous depletion of existing water sources.
Wolin National Park is located in northwestern Poland along the Baltic Sea coast. It was established in 1960 to protect the coastal cliffs, beaches, and forests of Wolin Island. The park has expanded over time and now covers over 10,000 hectares of land and sea, including coastal waters, beaches, pine forests, lakes, and the delta of the Swina River. The park supports over 1,300 plant species and 230 bird species, and is an important habitat for migratory birds, fish, seals, and other wildlife. Tourism is an important part of the park, which offers hiking trails, observation points, and educational centers.
This document discusses wetlands on the Greek island of Samos. It describes several important wetland areas on the island, including Alyki, Mesokampos, Glyfada, and Potami. These wetlands provide habitat for diverse flora and fauna, including 127 recorded bird species. However, human activities are threatening the wetlands, and some species like flamingos are no longer able to breed there successfully. Protecting these important natural areas is important to preserve this unique ecosystem.
Water covers over 72% of the Earth's surface, with 97% being ocean water which is unsuitable for consumption. The remaining 3% is fresh water, with over 61% located in Antarctica in the form of glaciers and snow. Europe has over 38,000 km of coastline bordering numerous seas and oceans. Its major water bodies include the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and rivers such as the Volga, which at over 3,500 km is the longest in Europe. Lakes cover about 1.6% of the continent's area. Glaciers comprise approximately 1% of Europe's surface.
The Biebrza National Park is located in northeast Poland along the Biebrza River and its wetlands. It has a continental climate with long, cold winters and short growing seasons. The park protects 59,233 hectares of forests, agricultural land, and wetlands, making it Poland's largest national park. It is known for its highly biodiverse marshes and peatlands that support over 270 bird species, including many threatened species. One of the greatest threats to the park is artificial drainage of wetlands for agriculture.
The Pieniny National Park is located in southern Poland along the border with Slovakia. It protects an area of 23.46 square kilometers of forested mountain landscape within the Pieniny mountain range. The park contains a great diversity of plant and animal species, with over 13,000 species documented, due to its varied terrain and microclimates. Notable species include the Apollo butterfly, lesser horseshoe bat, lynx, and signs of visiting brown bears.
Water is essential for life but scarce in much of Africa. The continent has diverse hydrology, from vast deserts with only seasonal rivers to huge river systems thousands of miles long. The largest lake is Lake Chad, though it is shrinking due to environmental problems. Most notable is the Nile River, over 6,600 km long. Lack of drinking water is a major issue as much of Africa's water is saline ocean or sea water. Various organizations work to improve access to water in Africa where indicators often exceed acceptable pollution levels.
The document discusses water resource conflicts that could arise in the Middle East due to a potential decline in surface and ground water availability combined with increasing demand from growing populations. It suggests that water may become the underlying cause of the next major regional conflict in the area.
Water resources in Australia and Oceania by Group4e-twinning
The document discusses water management and resources in Australia. It notes that Australia has poor water supply and an underdeveloped waterway network, with 60% of the country being landlocked. It describes rainfall patterns, major river systems concentrated in eastern Australia, and many lakes, though most are landlocked. It concludes by summarizing the discovery by Australian researchers of vast fresh water resources below the ocean floor, which could help address continuous depletion of existing water sources.
Wolin National Park is located in northwestern Poland along the Baltic Sea coast. It was established in 1960 to protect the coastal cliffs, beaches, and forests of Wolin Island. The park has expanded over time and now covers over 10,000 hectares of land and sea, including coastal waters, beaches, pine forests, lakes, and the delta of the Swina River. The park supports over 1,300 plant species and 230 bird species, and is an important habitat for migratory birds, fish, seals, and other wildlife. Tourism is an important part of the park, which offers hiking trails, observation points, and educational centers.
This document discusses wetlands on the Greek island of Samos. It describes several important wetland areas on the island, including Alyki, Mesokampos, Glyfada, and Potami. These wetlands provide habitat for diverse flora and fauna, including 127 recorded bird species. However, human activities are threatening the wetlands, and some species like flamingos are no longer able to breed there successfully. Protecting these important natural areas is important to preserve this unique ecosystem.
The document describes four major bodies of water: oceans, gulfs, rivers, and lakes. Oceans are the largest body of water and have salty water. Gulfs are bodies of ocean water surrounded by land on three sides. Rivers are streams of water that flow across land. Lakes are bodies of fresh water surrounded by land.
This document provides information about the various plants and animals commonly found in estuarine wetlands. It describes several types of plants that thrive in the estuarine environment, such as cordgrass, mangroves, glasswort, and salt-tolerant grasses. It also discusses animals that live or feed in estuaries, including muskrats, worms, shellfish, crabs, fish, birds, and whitebait that spawn in upper estuaries. The estuary provides an important habitat for a diverse ecosystem.
Freshwater resources on Earth consist of only 3% of total water, with the largest amounts located in glaciers (61%) and groundwater (29.6%). Most countries face water shortages, while a few like Norway have surpluses due to small populations and cool climates. The worst situations are in Africa and parts of Asia, where per capita water availability is far below the global average of 5,100 cubic meters per person per year - in Poland it is only 1,700 cubic meters. To help address shortages, individuals can take steps like shorter showers, turning off taps while brushing teeth, and checking for and fixing leaks.
The document defines and describes different bodies of water. It explains that a seashore is a sandy or rocky coastline with waves, while a river is a large flowing body of fresh water within defined channels. A lake is a body of water surrounded by land, a sea is a large body of salt water smaller than an ocean, and an ocean is the largest body of salt water. Smaller bodies of water mentioned include ponds, brooks, springs, and waterfalls.
The document discusses the major forms of water on Earth. It describes the five oceans which cover 70.8% of the planet's surface: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, and Arctic. It also discusses seas, which are large bodies of water almost completely surrounded by land like the Mediterranean. Other forms discussed include lakes, rivers, gulfs, bays, straits, canals, and the world's longest rivers. The document provides locations and other key details about major examples of each water form.
Estuaries are productive ecosystems where rivers meet the ocean, supporting abundant plant and animal life. They are transitional zones with both freshwater and saltwater. Over time, sediments can accumulate and block estuaries, turning them dry if not managed. Estuaries are economically and ecologically important for humans, providing habitat for fisheries, recreation, and coastal development. However, they are threatened by overfishing and pollution.
The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Water can change between liquid, solid, and gas states in this cycle. In its purest form, water is a chemical compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Bodies of flowing water include rivers, creeks, brooks, and canals, which vary in size and flow. Bodies of non-flowing water include oceans, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, sloughs, marshes, and estuaries, and also vary in size and salinity.
There are many bodies of water in the United States including lakes, rivers, and oceans. Some important rivers discussed include the Mississippi River, which is the largest river system in North America, the Colorado River, and the Arkansas River. The Great Lakes along the US-Canada border were also covered, including Lake Erie being the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the five lakes. Finally, the three oceans bordering the US were mentioned with the Pacific Ocean identified as the largest oceanic division.
Fresh water is defined as having a low salt concentration, usually less than 1%. It can be found in ponds and lakes, which absorb heat from the sun and support various plant and animal life. Streams and rivers are bodies of moving water that change in characteristics from source to mouth, with cooler temperatures at the source. Wetlands are very wet areas that support aquatic plants adapted to humid conditions, such as marshes, swamps, and bogs.
This document summarizes information about several bridges in Bulgaria:
- The Danube Bridge is a 2.8 km long steel bridge over the Danube River between Rousse and Giurgiu that has two levels for trains and cars. Its middle part can be raised for large ships.
- The planned Vidin-Calafat Bridge will connect Vidin and Calafat, Romania over the Danube with a length of 1971 meters and two lanes in each direction.
- The Asparuhov Bridge in Varna connects two districts and is the only link over a navigation channel connecting a lake to the Black Sea.
- Several other bridges mentioned include arch bridges, viaducts, and
Tobacco origin, meaning and distributionVesela Ruseva
This document discusses the history and production of tobacco in Bulgaria. It notes that tobacco originated in America and was used by indigenous peoples before being transferred to Europe where it became an important economic crop. It then provides details on the origins of tobacco farming in Bulgaria in the 16th century, the development of the tobacco industry in the early 20th century, and the major tobacco producing regions in Bulgaria. It also outlines the typical varieties of tobacco grown in Bulgaria and trends in tobacco and cigarette production from the 1990s to 2000s.
The water in Aytos region is divided between the river valley of the Luda Kamchia river and some smaller rivers that flow into the Black Sea. The largest river running through the Aytos region is the Aytoska River, which has its source near the Small Aytoska mountain and flows into the Burgasko lake. The Aytos area also has many sources of drinking water, including 25 excellent water fountains that were counted in 1829.
Bulgaria has a long history of water sports dating back to the late 19th century, facilitated by its geography along the Black Sea. Many types of water sports developed over the 20th century, with the first national associations being formed in the 1920s for activities like swimming, diving and rowing. Notable Bulgarian athletes have won medals in Olympics and world championships in swimming, diving, rowing and other water sports. While some sports struggle with lack of funding and facilities, the natural resources along Bulgaria's Black Sea coast continue to support the growth of water sports.
The Burgas Wetlands consist of four lakes near the city of Burgas, Bulgaria - Lake Burgas, Lake Mandrensko, Lake Atanasovsko, and Lake Pomoriisko. Three of the lakes and the Poda protected area are recognized by the Ramsar Convention due to their importance as bird habitats. Over 260 bird species can be seen in the wetlands at different times of year, including pelicans, herons, bitterns, and ducks. Salt is extracted from the Black Sea in a traditional way at Lake Atanasovsko. Lake Atanasovsko also serves as an important wintering site for waterbirds as it does not freeze. The wetlands are located along the
The Skadar Lake is the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula, located in Montenegro and Albania. It is a protected national park and Ramsar wetland known for its rich biodiversity, including over 270 bird species. Tourists can enjoy scenic views of the lake and surrounding mountains from Virpazar and Rijeka Crnojevica villages, as well as boat rides and hiking trails that showcase the lake's islands, monasteries, and well-preserved medieval architecture. The lake and national park offer opportunities for birdwatching, fishing, and learning about the region's history, culture, wine, and cuisine.
A joint activity endangered species across europemelita23
The document reports on endangered species findings from several European countries. In Armenia, key threats include habitat loss, overuse of resources, pollution, and climate change. A temperature rise of 2-3°C is predicted, which could lead to increased desertification and species extinction. Of the approximately 17,500 species recorded in Armenia, around 300 are considered rare or declining. In France, endangered species include the Corsican deer, Pyrenean Ibex, river otters, and brown bears. Around a quarter of fish species off the coast of France are also endangered. Ukraine suffers from pollution and a declining Black Sea, threatening species like kovyl grass and various birds of prey. Poland's endangered species include mud t
North Carolina's Outer Banks is home to many beautiful estuaries. Estuaries are coastal areas with shallow waters that are mixed with sea water and freshwater flowing from watersheds. These areas are known as nurseries for thousands of species of sea creatures. Sea turtles come ashore to lay their eggs and when those hatch, the baby turtles scramble back toward the ocean where they will live out their lives. Fish, manatee, sharks, starfish, and many other species are at home in the Croatan Sound Estuary.
The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve:
- Is located in Romania and is the second largest river delta in Europe, supporting over 5,000 plant and animal species across 30 ecosystem types.
- Was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1990 to protect its biodiversity while allowing sustainable human activities.
- Supports large breeding populations of endangered birds like white pelicans and Dalmatian pelicans, making it an important wetland habitat.
The document describes four major bodies of water: oceans, gulfs, rivers, and lakes. Oceans are the largest body of water and have salty water. Gulfs are bodies of ocean water surrounded by land on three sides. Rivers are streams of water that flow across land. Lakes are bodies of fresh water surrounded by land.
This document provides information about the various plants and animals commonly found in estuarine wetlands. It describes several types of plants that thrive in the estuarine environment, such as cordgrass, mangroves, glasswort, and salt-tolerant grasses. It also discusses animals that live or feed in estuaries, including muskrats, worms, shellfish, crabs, fish, birds, and whitebait that spawn in upper estuaries. The estuary provides an important habitat for a diverse ecosystem.
Freshwater resources on Earth consist of only 3% of total water, with the largest amounts located in glaciers (61%) and groundwater (29.6%). Most countries face water shortages, while a few like Norway have surpluses due to small populations and cool climates. The worst situations are in Africa and parts of Asia, where per capita water availability is far below the global average of 5,100 cubic meters per person per year - in Poland it is only 1,700 cubic meters. To help address shortages, individuals can take steps like shorter showers, turning off taps while brushing teeth, and checking for and fixing leaks.
The document defines and describes different bodies of water. It explains that a seashore is a sandy or rocky coastline with waves, while a river is a large flowing body of fresh water within defined channels. A lake is a body of water surrounded by land, a sea is a large body of salt water smaller than an ocean, and an ocean is the largest body of salt water. Smaller bodies of water mentioned include ponds, brooks, springs, and waterfalls.
The document discusses the major forms of water on Earth. It describes the five oceans which cover 70.8% of the planet's surface: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, and Arctic. It also discusses seas, which are large bodies of water almost completely surrounded by land like the Mediterranean. Other forms discussed include lakes, rivers, gulfs, bays, straits, canals, and the world's longest rivers. The document provides locations and other key details about major examples of each water form.
Estuaries are productive ecosystems where rivers meet the ocean, supporting abundant plant and animal life. They are transitional zones with both freshwater and saltwater. Over time, sediments can accumulate and block estuaries, turning them dry if not managed. Estuaries are economically and ecologically important for humans, providing habitat for fisheries, recreation, and coastal development. However, they are threatened by overfishing and pollution.
The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Water can change between liquid, solid, and gas states in this cycle. In its purest form, water is a chemical compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Bodies of flowing water include rivers, creeks, brooks, and canals, which vary in size and flow. Bodies of non-flowing water include oceans, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, sloughs, marshes, and estuaries, and also vary in size and salinity.
There are many bodies of water in the United States including lakes, rivers, and oceans. Some important rivers discussed include the Mississippi River, which is the largest river system in North America, the Colorado River, and the Arkansas River. The Great Lakes along the US-Canada border were also covered, including Lake Erie being the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the five lakes. Finally, the three oceans bordering the US were mentioned with the Pacific Ocean identified as the largest oceanic division.
Fresh water is defined as having a low salt concentration, usually less than 1%. It can be found in ponds and lakes, which absorb heat from the sun and support various plant and animal life. Streams and rivers are bodies of moving water that change in characteristics from source to mouth, with cooler temperatures at the source. Wetlands are very wet areas that support aquatic plants adapted to humid conditions, such as marshes, swamps, and bogs.
This document summarizes information about several bridges in Bulgaria:
- The Danube Bridge is a 2.8 km long steel bridge over the Danube River between Rousse and Giurgiu that has two levels for trains and cars. Its middle part can be raised for large ships.
- The planned Vidin-Calafat Bridge will connect Vidin and Calafat, Romania over the Danube with a length of 1971 meters and two lanes in each direction.
- The Asparuhov Bridge in Varna connects two districts and is the only link over a navigation channel connecting a lake to the Black Sea.
- Several other bridges mentioned include arch bridges, viaducts, and
Tobacco origin, meaning and distributionVesela Ruseva
This document discusses the history and production of tobacco in Bulgaria. It notes that tobacco originated in America and was used by indigenous peoples before being transferred to Europe where it became an important economic crop. It then provides details on the origins of tobacco farming in Bulgaria in the 16th century, the development of the tobacco industry in the early 20th century, and the major tobacco producing regions in Bulgaria. It also outlines the typical varieties of tobacco grown in Bulgaria and trends in tobacco and cigarette production from the 1990s to 2000s.
The water in Aytos region is divided between the river valley of the Luda Kamchia river and some smaller rivers that flow into the Black Sea. The largest river running through the Aytos region is the Aytoska River, which has its source near the Small Aytoska mountain and flows into the Burgasko lake. The Aytos area also has many sources of drinking water, including 25 excellent water fountains that were counted in 1829.
Bulgaria has a long history of water sports dating back to the late 19th century, facilitated by its geography along the Black Sea. Many types of water sports developed over the 20th century, with the first national associations being formed in the 1920s for activities like swimming, diving and rowing. Notable Bulgarian athletes have won medals in Olympics and world championships in swimming, diving, rowing and other water sports. While some sports struggle with lack of funding and facilities, the natural resources along Bulgaria's Black Sea coast continue to support the growth of water sports.
The Burgas Wetlands consist of four lakes near the city of Burgas, Bulgaria - Lake Burgas, Lake Mandrensko, Lake Atanasovsko, and Lake Pomoriisko. Three of the lakes and the Poda protected area are recognized by the Ramsar Convention due to their importance as bird habitats. Over 260 bird species can be seen in the wetlands at different times of year, including pelicans, herons, bitterns, and ducks. Salt is extracted from the Black Sea in a traditional way at Lake Atanasovsko. Lake Atanasovsko also serves as an important wintering site for waterbirds as it does not freeze. The wetlands are located along the
The Skadar Lake is the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula, located in Montenegro and Albania. It is a protected national park and Ramsar wetland known for its rich biodiversity, including over 270 bird species. Tourists can enjoy scenic views of the lake and surrounding mountains from Virpazar and Rijeka Crnojevica villages, as well as boat rides and hiking trails that showcase the lake's islands, monasteries, and well-preserved medieval architecture. The lake and national park offer opportunities for birdwatching, fishing, and learning about the region's history, culture, wine, and cuisine.
A joint activity endangered species across europemelita23
The document reports on endangered species findings from several European countries. In Armenia, key threats include habitat loss, overuse of resources, pollution, and climate change. A temperature rise of 2-3°C is predicted, which could lead to increased desertification and species extinction. Of the approximately 17,500 species recorded in Armenia, around 300 are considered rare or declining. In France, endangered species include the Corsican deer, Pyrenean Ibex, river otters, and brown bears. Around a quarter of fish species off the coast of France are also endangered. Ukraine suffers from pollution and a declining Black Sea, threatening species like kovyl grass and various birds of prey. Poland's endangered species include mud t
North Carolina's Outer Banks is home to many beautiful estuaries. Estuaries are coastal areas with shallow waters that are mixed with sea water and freshwater flowing from watersheds. These areas are known as nurseries for thousands of species of sea creatures. Sea turtles come ashore to lay their eggs and when those hatch, the baby turtles scramble back toward the ocean where they will live out their lives. Fish, manatee, sharks, starfish, and many other species are at home in the Croatan Sound Estuary.
The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve:
- Is located in Romania and is the second largest river delta in Europe, supporting over 5,000 plant and animal species across 30 ecosystem types.
- Was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1990 to protect its biodiversity while allowing sustainable human activities.
- Supports large breeding populations of endangered birds like white pelicans and Dalmatian pelicans, making it an important wetland habitat.
The Komandorsky Islands are an archipelago of four islands located in the Bering Sea off the coast of Russia. The islands are home to massive rookeries of marine mammals such as northern sea lions, northern fur seals, and seals. Over 1 million seabirds also nest on the islands, and the coastal waters provide habitat and migration routes for whales, including rare species. Much of the marine area around the islands is protected with fishing restrictions to minimize human impact on the abundant wildlife.
Over 1000 species of birds winter on the Bay of Gdańsk in Poland. Some of the most common species seen include the Glaucous Gull, Lapland Longspur, Purple Sandpiper, Black-legged Kittiwake, Iceland Gull, Arctic Redpoll, Sandwich Tern, Long-tailed Duck, Tufted Duck, Great Cormorant, Mute Swan, and Common Eider. Every year from November to February, organizations such as KULING and the University of Gdańsk count and observe the many birds that spend the winter on the
Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) has colossal normal blessing of freshwater assets. Its spouting waterways, singing streams and crisp water lakes have an extensive variety of local and extraordinary fish species. The frosty and crisp waters of GB are known to have 20 unique types of freshwater angle, including 17 locals and three exotics while four species are endemic to GB area. some of the fishes found in GB are Trouts (including brown, snow and rainbow trout), goldfish, crap fish and cat fish.
The document provides information about the Merry Cemetery located in Sapanta, Maramures, Romania. It is known for its brightly painted crosses decorated with naive paintings depicting scenes from the lives of those buried there. Some crosses also include poems remembering the deceased. The tradition of painting the crosses began in the 1930s when the local priest suggested making the crosses wider to include epitaphs. Now over 800 crosses create an open air museum, preserving the history of the village's inhabitants through their paintings and poems. One example poem given remembers a mother-in-law buried under "this hard rock."
This document discusses several natural features and wildlife species found along the Vistula River in Poland. It provides background information on the Vistula River, describing it as Poland's longest river. It also profiles characteristics of the river's habitat, vegetation, and some bird species that inhabit the region, including the oystercatcher, bittern, little grebe, and common crane. The document concludes with a short interactive quiz to test the reader's recollection of the bird species discussed through pictures and sounds.
The Baltic Sea is a brackish sea located between Scandinavia, Northern and Eastern Europe. It is connected to the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean via Danish straits. Nine countries border the Baltic Sea, including Poland which has several coastal cities and national parks along its coastline. The Baltic Sea supports a variety of marine life but faces pollution challenges. Amber washed ashore on Baltic beaches is an iconic symbol of the Polish coast.
Migratory fish species move between freshwater and marine environments or within freshwater systems. There are over 120 species that regularly migrate between saltwater and freshwater globally, including salmon, trout, eels, and sawfish. In Bangladesh, the major migratory fish are hilsa, which travel over 1,200 km inland to spawn, and palla, which are found in the Ganges delta. Conservation efforts are needed to ensure fish migration routes and habitats are protected from impacts of development.
The Arcornocales Natural Park in Los Barrios has an area of about 167,767 hectares and contains extensive cork forests and rich wildlife. Millions of migratory birds rest there and endangered species like the Iberian Lynx and Eurasian Wolf live in the park. The Palmones River marsh is an important spot for over 170 bird species, including flamingos, spoonbills, and ospreys. Vegetation in the marsh includes plants adapted to the saline soil like sea holly and Carpobrotus edulis.
Lakes in Romania support a wide variety of plant and animal life. Over 1,190 plant species and 50 mammal species can be found around the glacial lakes in the Retezat Mountains. The Red Lake in Bicaz Gorge has rich flora including coniferous and nut tree forests, and fauna such as lynx, chamois, wolves and deer. Various reservoirs and volcanic lakes each have between 1000-1292 plant and animal species living around them. The Fizesului Basin wetlands in Cluj County are home to over 140 bird species, including the endangered Red Duck and Corncrake.
The document describes 7 natural wonders of Pomerania, a region in Poland, including Wieżyca mountain, Hel peninsula, Żuławy delta region, the Baltic Sea, Orłowski Cliff, Słowiński National Park, and Oliwski National Park. Each section provides details about the geographic features, wildlife, and points of interest for each location. The natural wonders showcase the diverse landscapes and environments found in Pomerania.
Three endangered species in Pakistan are described. The Indus River dolphin population is approximately 1,100 individuals and threatened by dams limiting their habitat. The Markhor population is less than 2,500 due to deforestation. Marco Polo sheep numbers have been rapidly decreasing in the last two decades and are threatened by overgrazing. Conservation efforts aim to protect and restore habitats and populations of these endangered species.
Habitats are places where animals live and meet their needs. There are two main types of habitats - land and water. Each habitat shares climate, geography, soil and plant life that affect the animals living there. The document describes several specific habitats - deserts, forests, grasslands, tundra, freshwater and saltwater. Each habitat is defined and examples are given of animal species that have adapted to live in those environments.
The document summarizes key information about Poland's national parks and natural environment. It discusses the 23 national parks in Poland and provides details on some of the most important ones, including Białowieski National Park, Słowiński National Park, and Tatrzanski National Park. It also outlines some common animals and plants found in different parks and regions of Poland, such as deer, lynx, willow trees, and saffron plants. Major topics covered include the country's forests, lakes, rivers, coastline, and representative wildlife.
The document summarizes key information about Poland's national parks and natural environment. It discusses the 23 national parks in Poland and provides details on some of the most important ones, including Białowieski National Park, Słowiński National Park, and Tatrzanski National Park. It also outlines some common animals and plants found in different parks and regions of Poland, such as deer, lynx, willow trees, and saffron plants. Major topics covered include the country's forests, lakes, rivers, coastline, and representative wildlife.
This document summarizes information about several notable bridges in Bulgaria, including their names, locations, and brief descriptions. It discusses the Asparuhov Bridge in Varna, the Belenski Bridge over the Yantra River near Byala, the Devil's Bridge over the Arda River in the Rhodope Mountains, the 15th century Nevestino Bridge over the Struma River in Kyustendil Province, and the covered bridge in Lovech connecting the old and new parts of town over the Osam River. The document was created by Yordan Kostov for a secondary school in Aytos, Bulgaria.
Traditional Bulgarian crafts developed over centuries and utilized water power. Water mills cut lumber and grain while fulling mills cleaned wool cloth. Crafts like pottery, embroidery, and carpet weaving used designs passed down through generations. Water also powered distilleries producing rakia brandy and rose oil, important Bulgarian products made through traditional methods.
The Burgas region is one of the most developed regions in Bulgaria. It is located in eastern Bulgaria and includes many popular holiday destinations along the coast such as Pomorie, Nesebar, and Sozopol. The town of Burgas is divided into several neighborhoods and has an important port, airport, industrial plants, and archaeological sites.
The town of Aytos is located 30 kilometers inland from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, near Burgas. It has a long history dating back to its incorporation into the Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Tervel. Aytos contains natural landmarks like forests and reserves, as well as historical landmarks such as its ancient fortress and churches.
Christopher Columbus made four voyages to the Americas seeking a route to Asia. His first voyage in 1492 resulted in landing in the Bahamas and exploring parts of the Caribbean, believing he had reached Asia. On subsequent voyages he continued exploring the Americas and seeking wealth and Asian trade routes for Spain.
This document provides descriptions of various spice mixtures used in different cuisines around the world. It describes advieh, a Persian spice mixture used in rice and meat dishes that typically includes cardamom, cloves, cinnamon and other spices. It also describes baharat, an Arabic spice blend used in Middle Eastern cooking, and berbere, an Ethiopian and Eritrean spice mixture containing chiles, garlic and other spices. Finally, it provides brief descriptions of chaat masala, chili powder, and jerk spice - mixtures used respectively in Indian, general and Jamaican cuisine.
Cultural and natural monuments of unesco desislava 9aVesela Ruseva
The document summarizes several important cultural and natural UNESCO sites in Bulgaria, including the Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak with well-preserved frescoes from the 4th-3rd century BC, the famous Madara Horseman rock relief carved in the 7th century AD, the historic Rila Monastery founded in the 10th century, the ancient city of Nessebar with original churches and houses, the richly decorated 3rd century BC Sveshtari tomb, the Biosphere Reserve in the Danube valley protecting rare species, and the beautiful Pirin National Park in the Pirin Mountains known for its unique landscape and flora.
The document describes several traditional dishes from the region including Katmi, Horticultural mingled in the oven, Tarator, Bean soup, Kebap, Moussaka, Chicken with rice, and Peppers börek. Details are provided on the ingredients and preparation methods for some of the dishes like Moussaka, which involves layers of minced meat, potato, and an egg-yogurt topping baked in the oven, and Tarator, a cold cucumber-yogurt soup that also includes garlic, dill, vinegar, nuts and olive oil. Chicken with rice is prepared by browning chicken pieces and onions then cooking the rice in chicken stock and baking the combined dish.
Bulgarian music is part of the distinctive Balkan musical tradition and uses a wide variety of traditional instruments. Traditional Bulgarian vocals are described as "open-throated" and focus the voice in a way that allows it to carry over long distances. Some common traditional Bulgarian instruments include the gadoulka (a stringed instrument without frets), the kaval (a woodwind instrument), the gaida (bagpipe), the tapan (single-headed drum), and the tamboura (a long-necked string instrument). Modern Bulgarian music has also incorporated more modern dance styles and instrumentation.
Bulgarian music is part of the distinctive Balkan musical tradition and uses a wide variety of traditional instruments. Traditional Bulgarian vocals are described as "open-throated" and focus the voice in a way that allows it to carry over long distances. Some common traditional Bulgarian instruments include the gadoulka (a stringed instrument without frets), the kaval (a woodwind instrument), the gaida (bagpipe), the tapan (drum), and the tamboura (a stringed instrument). Modern Bulgarian music has also incorporated more modern dance styles and instrumentation.
This 3 sentence summary provides an overview of the key information from the document:
The document discusses the mutual cultural influence of colonization and migration through history, describing how the town of Michurin, now known as Tsarevo, was originally settled in the 15th century by refugees from other Bulgarian villages and called Vassiliko. It notes that the town is a pleasant and friendly place located near Varvara village, where one can see beautiful sights. The document was made by two 10th grade students from Aytos, Bulgaria as part of a school project funded by the European Commission.
1) Sozopol is an ancient Greek colony called Apollonia Pontica founded in 610 BC located on the southern Black Sea coast of Bulgaria.
2) The settlement dates back to the Bronze Age and has been an active port since ancient times as evidenced by anchors discovered from the 2nd and 1st millennium BC.
3) Notable landmarks include the Old Sozopol architectural and archaeological reserve, Thracian fortresses and tombs in the surrounding area, and walls dating from the 6th to 14th century.
Greek colonization began in the 8th-6th centuries BC as many Greeks settled in new areas where they established polis, or city-states. The Greeks chose to colonize the Black Sea area for economic and political reasons, finding the geography and climate suitable. Some of the earliest Greek colonies appeared on the northern and southern Black Sea coast, including cities like Odessos. These colonies became important trade centers and ports. The site of the ancient Greek colony of Odessos is now the modern city of Varna, Bulgaria, which occupies a wider area but preserves remnants of the original settlement like the Varna Archaeological Museum housing the famous Varna Gold Treasure.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2. AtAnAsoff lAke
• Atanasov lake is located north of Bourgas. The lake is
a coastal and a large variety of flora and fauna. Quite a
number of plants and animals that are found in the
lake and its surroundings are protected by the
Biodiversity Act
3. AnimAls
• There are
mammals: otter,
wild cat, vole, etc..
It is also Etruscan
shrew, which is the
smallest mammal
in the world. Of
great importance is
also the otter,
which has the
status of globally
threatened.
4. Birds
• Of particular
importance for the
flora of lake birds.
This is one of the
richest ornithological
point of view of places
in Bulgaria. Here a
small geographical
area there are over
70% of all bird species
occurring in the
territory of Bulgaria.
5. endAngered
species
• There have been over 300 bird species, of which
12 were declared endangered on a planetary
scale. Among them are:
• Dalmatian Pelican
• Pygmy Cormorant
• Red-breasted Goose
• Ferruginous Duck
• Corncrake.
6. BulgAriAn red
Book
• 17 species of birds
that nest on the
territory of Lake
Atanasov included in
Bulgaria's Red
Book: Common
Tern, Mediterranean
Gull and others. The
largest number of
birds can be seen
here during the
autumn migration.
8. come And see it!
• Bourgas Lake is a shallow Firth on the Black
Sea, west of Bourgas. It is the largest natural
lake in Bulgaria is separated from the sea.
9. some fActs ABout it
• Bottom of the Bourgas
Lake is covered with
clay sediments. Up
north of the lake has
several small wading
pool, and the
Northwest part
hatcheries have been
built. Its coasts are
covered with water-
weeds, mainly cane.
Now the waters are
heavily polluted.
Hooked up with carp.
10. ViA ponticA
• Passes over the lake Via Pontica - one of the largest air
highways for migratory birds from Europe. It nest 254
bird species, 61 of which are included in the Red Book
of Bulgaria.