Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank is playing a vital role in the economic development of Bangladesh, especially in supporting farmers in sixteen districts of Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions. Agriculture is the foremost important part of the Bangladeshi economy.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Exploring Support Vector Regression - Signals and Systems ProjectSurya Chandra
Our team competed in a Kaggle competition to predict the bike share use as a part of their capital bike share program in Washington DC using a powerful function approximation technique called support vector regression.
Home Work; Chapter 8; Forecasting Supply Chain RequirementsShaheen Sardar
Home Work; Chapter 8; Forecasting Supply Chain Requirements
Book reference: Ballou, Ronald H. (2004). “Business Logistics/ Supply Chain Management: Planning, Organizing, and Controlling the Supply Chain.” (5th Edition).
Original reference of this document: http://wweb.uta.edu/insyopma/prater/ballou08_im.pdf
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF TAMILNADU NEWSPRINT AND PAPERS LTD – C...Editor IJCATR
Every day, Tamilnadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd managers must make decisions about Production delivery without
knowing what will happen in the future. Forecasts enable them to anticipate the future and plan, many forecasting methods are
available to Tamilnadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd managers for planning, to estimate future demand or any other issues at hand.
However, for any type of forecast to bring about later success, it must follow a step-by-step process comprising five major steps: 1)
goal of the forecast and the identification of resources for conducting it; 2) time horizon; 3) selection of a forecasting technique; 4)
conducting and completing the forecast; and 5) monitoring the accuracy of the forecast. Accordingly Linear Regression method is a
widely used to predict this kind of demand. In this paper, we forecast the Production of Papers in TamilNadu Newsprint and Papers
Ltd from the past 15 years of Production using the Linear Regression method
Economics
Curve Fitting
macroeconomics
Curve fitting helps in capturing the trend in the data by assigning a single function
across the entire range.
If the functional relationship between the two quantities being graphed is known to be
within additive or multiplicative constants, it is common practice to transform the data in
such a way that the resulting line is a straight line.(by plotting) A process of quantitatively
estimating the trend of the outcomes, also known as regression or curve fitting, therefore
becomes necessary.
For a series of data, curve fitting is used to find the best fit curve. The produced equation is
used to find points anywhere along the curve. It also uses interpolation (exact fit to the data)
and smoothing.
Some people also refer it as regression analysis instead of curve fitting. The curve fitting
process fits equations of approximating curves to the raw field data. Nevertheless, for a
given set of data, the fitting curves of a given type are generally NOT unique.
Smoothing of the curve eliminates components like seasonal, cyclical and random
variations. Thus, a curve with a minimal deviation from all data points is desired. This
best-fitting curve can be obtained by the method of least squares.
What is curve fitting Curve fitting?
Curve fitting is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical functions, which possess closest
proximity to the series of data. By the curve fitting we can mathematically construct the functional
relationship between the observed fact and parameter values, etc. It is highly effective in mathematical
modelling some natural processes.
What is a fitting model?
A fit model (sometimes fitting model) is a person who is used by a fashion designer or
clothing manufacturer to check the fit, drape and visual appearance of a design on a
'real' human being, effectively acting as a live mannequin.
What is a model fit statistics?
The goodness of fit of a statistical model describes how well it fits a set of
observations. Measures of goodness of fit typically summarize the discrepancy
between observed values and the values expected under the model in question.
What is a commercial model?
Commercial modeling is a more generalized type of modeling. There are high
fashion models, and then there are commercial models. ... They can model for
television, commercials, websites, magazines, newspapers, billboards and any other
type of advertisement. Most people who tell you they are models are “commercial”
models.
What is the exponential growth curve?
Growth of a system in which the amount being added to the system is proportional to the
amount already present: the bigger the system is, the greater the increase. ( See geometric
progression.) Note : In everyday speech, exponential growth means runaway expansion, such
as in population growth.
Why is population exponential?
Exponential population growth: When resources are unlimited, populations
exhibit exponential growth, resulting in a J-shaped curve.
Implementation of Decision Support System for various purposes now can facilitate policy makers to get the best alternative from a variety of predefined criteria, one of the methods used in the implementation of Decision Support System is VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), VIKOR method in this research got the best results with an efficient and easily understood process computationally, it is expected that the results of this study facilitate various parties to develop a model any solutions.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This is a book of probability and statisticsThis is a book of probability and statisticsThis is a book of probability and statisticsThis is a book of probability and statistics
Exploring Support Vector Regression - Signals and Systems ProjectSurya Chandra
Our team competed in a Kaggle competition to predict the bike share use as a part of their capital bike share program in Washington DC using a powerful function approximation technique called support vector regression.
Home Work; Chapter 8; Forecasting Supply Chain RequirementsShaheen Sardar
Home Work; Chapter 8; Forecasting Supply Chain Requirements
Book reference: Ballou, Ronald H. (2004). “Business Logistics/ Supply Chain Management: Planning, Organizing, and Controlling the Supply Chain.” (5th Edition).
Original reference of this document: http://wweb.uta.edu/insyopma/prater/ballou08_im.pdf
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF TAMILNADU NEWSPRINT AND PAPERS LTD – C...Editor IJCATR
Every day, Tamilnadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd managers must make decisions about Production delivery without
knowing what will happen in the future. Forecasts enable them to anticipate the future and plan, many forecasting methods are
available to Tamilnadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd managers for planning, to estimate future demand or any other issues at hand.
However, for any type of forecast to bring about later success, it must follow a step-by-step process comprising five major steps: 1)
goal of the forecast and the identification of resources for conducting it; 2) time horizon; 3) selection of a forecasting technique; 4)
conducting and completing the forecast; and 5) monitoring the accuracy of the forecast. Accordingly Linear Regression method is a
widely used to predict this kind of demand. In this paper, we forecast the Production of Papers in TamilNadu Newsprint and Papers
Ltd from the past 15 years of Production using the Linear Regression method
Economics
Curve Fitting
macroeconomics
Curve fitting helps in capturing the trend in the data by assigning a single function
across the entire range.
If the functional relationship between the two quantities being graphed is known to be
within additive or multiplicative constants, it is common practice to transform the data in
such a way that the resulting line is a straight line.(by plotting) A process of quantitatively
estimating the trend of the outcomes, also known as regression or curve fitting, therefore
becomes necessary.
For a series of data, curve fitting is used to find the best fit curve. The produced equation is
used to find points anywhere along the curve. It also uses interpolation (exact fit to the data)
and smoothing.
Some people also refer it as regression analysis instead of curve fitting. The curve fitting
process fits equations of approximating curves to the raw field data. Nevertheless, for a
given set of data, the fitting curves of a given type are generally NOT unique.
Smoothing of the curve eliminates components like seasonal, cyclical and random
variations. Thus, a curve with a minimal deviation from all data points is desired. This
best-fitting curve can be obtained by the method of least squares.
What is curve fitting Curve fitting?
Curve fitting is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical functions, which possess closest
proximity to the series of data. By the curve fitting we can mathematically construct the functional
relationship between the observed fact and parameter values, etc. It is highly effective in mathematical
modelling some natural processes.
What is a fitting model?
A fit model (sometimes fitting model) is a person who is used by a fashion designer or
clothing manufacturer to check the fit, drape and visual appearance of a design on a
'real' human being, effectively acting as a live mannequin.
What is a model fit statistics?
The goodness of fit of a statistical model describes how well it fits a set of
observations. Measures of goodness of fit typically summarize the discrepancy
between observed values and the values expected under the model in question.
What is a commercial model?
Commercial modeling is a more generalized type of modeling. There are high
fashion models, and then there are commercial models. ... They can model for
television, commercials, websites, magazines, newspapers, billboards and any other
type of advertisement. Most people who tell you they are models are “commercial”
models.
What is the exponential growth curve?
Growth of a system in which the amount being added to the system is proportional to the
amount already present: the bigger the system is, the greater the increase. ( See geometric
progression.) Note : In everyday speech, exponential growth means runaway expansion, such
as in population growth.
Why is population exponential?
Exponential population growth: When resources are unlimited, populations
exhibit exponential growth, resulting in a J-shaped curve.
Implementation of Decision Support System for various purposes now can facilitate policy makers to get the best alternative from a variety of predefined criteria, one of the methods used in the implementation of Decision Support System is VIKOR (Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), VIKOR method in this research got the best results with an efficient and easily understood process computationally, it is expected that the results of this study facilitate various parties to develop a model any solutions.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This is a book of probability and statisticsThis is a book of probability and statisticsThis is a book of probability and statisticsThis is a book of probability and statistics
Similar to assignment on business environment of abc (20)
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
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Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
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<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
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t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
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2. Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................3
ARRANGING DATA IN A TABLE FORMAT....................................................................................4
COLUMN AND LINE CHART FOR WIND SPEED ...........................................................................4
MEAN.....................................................................................................................................................5
MEDIAN ................................................................................................................................................6
MODE.....................................................................................................................................................7
RANGE...................................................................................................................................................7
STANDARD DEVIATION....................................................................................................................7
FORECASTING.....................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSIONS...................................................................................................................................11
Reference list ........................................................................................................................................12
3. INTRODUCTION
This report begins with a table that displays data on the speed of wind in London for ten
consecutive days. Two charts will be constructed to examine data from the table: a Column
Chart and a Line Chart. The data presented at the start of the article will be used to determine
the Mean, Median, Mode, and Range in the next. Variation will also be calculated
because based on this that the value of Standard Variation can be determined. The final section
of this report will forecast wind speed for days 12 and 14 by using the linear forecasting model
y = mx + c (Hogg, Mckean and Craig, 2019).
4. ARRANGING DATA IN A TABLE FORMAT
The data demonstrates how things vary and by how much (Garner and Collins, 2019). To
demonstrate how wind speeds fluctuate and by how much, a table was developed in which data
on wind speed was updated for 10 consecutive days, beginning March 31 and ending April 09,
as seen below:
Table 1.0: Wind Speed of Ten Days in London City
Days Average Wind speed (mph)
1 24
2 23
3 12
4 10
5 22
6 22
7 27
8 35
9 11
10 16
Table 1: data of wind speed for ten consecutive days (timeanddate.com, 2020).
Source: https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/uk/london/historic
COLUMN AND LINE CHART FOR WIND SPEED
Column Charts are most often defined as bar charts (S Sarantakos, 2016). In Microsoft Excel,
however, a column chart has vertical bars, whereas a bar chart has horizontal bars. They both
are used to compare variables in one or more data sets (Vaninsky, 2018). The Column chart
would be following created using the data from 10 consecutive days of wind speed.
5. Figure 1: Column chart for the wind speed for ten consecutive days.
Line chart is used when is needed to show or focus on data trends (Garner and Collins, 2019).
In order to show how data tends for wind speed from the last 10 days, the below Line Chart
was created:
Figure 2: Line chart for the wind speed for ten consecutive days.
MEAN
The mean is the often-used metric for determining central tendency. It can handle both
continuous and discrete data types. The mean is calculated by dividing the total amount of
values in a dataset set by the number of items in the dataset (Aliya Whiteley, 2018). The
following formula will be used to compute the Mean:
24 23
12
10
22 22
27
35
11
16
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MPH
DAYS
Average Wind speed
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MPH
Days
Average Wind…
6. MEAN :
𝜇 =
∑𝑥
𝑁
Where:
µ = Mean
∑ = Sum of / Total
x = Individual data value
N = Number of items
In this case, the formula will be:
𝜇 =
∑𝑥
𝑁
∑x = 24 + 23 + 12 + 10 + 22 + 22 + 27 + 35 + 11 + 16 = 202
N = 10
µ =
202
10
µ = 20.2
Based on the above, it was proved that Mean, µ= 20.2
MEDIAN
The median is the middle score for a set of data that has been arranged in order of magnitude
(Aliya Whiteley, 2018).
Median position: =
𝑁+1
2
=
10+1
2
= 11/2 = 5.5th position.
Median position = 5.5th
position.
These data will be organized from lowest to greatest value in order to get the median wind
speed from 10 consecutive days: 10, 11, 12, 16, 22, 22, 23, 24, 27, 35. From the list, median
values are 22 and 22.
Median =
22+22
2
= 22
The Median is 22
7. MODE
The mode is the most often occurring number, i.e. the number that appears the most frequently
(Aliya Whiteley, 2018). In this example, the most often used wind speed number is 10, 11, 12,
16, 22, 22, 23, 24, 27, 35.
We've seen the figure 22 for wind speed twice in the previous ten days.
Hence, it can be said that the Mode is 22 for this case.
RANGE
The range indicates the difference in between greatest and lowest values in the data, however,
the range is 0 when there is no fluctuation in the variable (Garner and Collins, 2019).
From the following list 10, 11, 12, 16, 22, 22, 23, 24, 27, 35 can be seen that the lowest value
is 10, and the highest value is 35
Range = highest value – lowest value
= 35- 10
= 25
From the above, it was demonstrated that Range = 25
STANDARD DEVIATION
The standard deviation is an essential measure of variance that is usually unknown (Vaninsky,
2018).
It was established in this paper that the mean is 20.2. This value has been added to the table
below.
The deviation will be calculated by subtracting the mean from every value (x- µ). The results
were entered into the table below. In addition, the squared difference (x – µ)2
was computed,
and the total was determined.
Days Average Wind speed (mph) µ x- µ (x – µ)2
4 10 20.2 -10.2 104.04
9 11 20.2 -9.2 84.64
3 12 20.2 -8.2 67.24
10 16 20.2 -4.2 17.64
5 22 20.2 1.8 3.24
6 22 20.2 1.8 3.24
2 23 20.2 2.8 7.84
1 24 20.2 3.8 14.44
7 27 20.2 6.8 46.24
8 35 20.2 14.8 219.04
Total 567.6
Table 2: Value of mean, (x- μ) and (x – μ)2
8. In order to find out the variance, the below formula will be used:
σ2
∑(x− μ)
𝑁
σ2
567.6
10
σ2
56.76
Standard deviation, which is the square root of the variance, may be determined based on the
variation.
σ = √
∑(x− μ)
𝑁
σ = √56.76
σ = 7.53
The standard deviation is 7.53
FORECASTING
A forecast is a prediction of an upcoming event or series of events (Vaninsky, 2018). Making
good predictions, as Neil Bohr suggests, is not always simple. Forecasting is crucial because it
allows for the prediction of future occurrences in a variety of planning and decision-making
processes.
In order to forecast, Linear Model is going to be used and it is represented using the below
formula:
y = mx + c
where,
y = dependant variable
x = independant veriable
m = slope
c = intercept
x y xy x²
1 24 24 1
2 23 46 4
3 12 36 9
4 10 40 16
5 22 110 25
6 22 132 36
7 27 189 49
8 35 280 64
9 11 99 81
10 16 160 100
9. ∑x= 55 ∑y= 202 ∑xy= 1116 ∑x²= 1373
Table 3: Data used to find out values of x, y, xy and x²
Let recall,
∑xy = 1116 (From the table)
∑x = 55
∑y = 202
∑x² = 1373 (From the table)
N = 10
Therefore:
m=
10×1116−55×202
10×1373– (55)2
=
11160−11110
13730−3025
=
50
10705
=0.0046
Interpretation: if the day extends by one, the average wind speed is expected to
drop by 0.0046.
Let's insert the value of m= 0.0046 into the formula c
c =
202−0.0046×55
10
=
202−0.253
10
=
201.747
10
= 20.1747
10. Interpretation: If the day is zero, the model forecasts that costs will be about
20.1747.
After calculating the values of m and c, the following method may be used to anticipate the
wind speed for days 12 and 14:
Forecasting wind speed for day 12
y = mx + c,
where:
m = 0.0046
c = 20.1747
x = 12
y = 0.0046 × 12 + 20.1747
= 20.23
Forcasting wind speed of 12th day is = 20.23
Forecasting wind speed for day 14
y = mx + c,
where:
m = 0.0046
c = 20.1747
x = 14
y = 0.0046×14+20.1747
= 20.23
Forcasting wind speed of 14th day is = 20.23
11. CONCLUSIONS
In this report, the wind speed of 10 consecutive days was gathered and a table with all of the
data was constructed. Two charts were constructed using these data: a Column Chart and a
Line Chart. The data from the table was used to compute the mean, median, mode, and range.
Furthermore, Variation was estimated since Standard deviation may be calculated using it.
The relevance of forecasting was outlined and addressed at the end of this report. Furthermore,
forecasting for the 12th and 14th days was completed.
12. Reference list
Aliya Whiteley (2018). Mean mode median. 12th ed. Portishead: Bluechrome.
Garner, J. and Collins, J. (2019). Numeracy for work: handling data. 5th ed. Clayton South,
Vic.: Blake Education.
Hogg, R.V., Mckean, J.W. and Craig, A.T. (2019). Introduction to mathematical statistics.
8th ed. Boston: Pearson.
S Sarantakos (2016). Data analysis. 12th ed. London: Sage.
timeanddate.com (2020). Past Weather in London, England, United Kingdom — Yesterday or
Further Back. [online] Timeanddate.com. Available at:
https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/uk/london/historic.
Vaninsky, A. (2018). Simplified Data Envelopment Analysis: What Country Won the
Olympics, and How about our CO2 Emissions? Numeracy, 6(2).