This document discusses fabric finishes called emerization and napping/brushing. Emerization involves raising fibers on fabric surfaces using wire brushes or dried teasel pods. Napping/brushing is the process of creating a fuzzy or pile surface on fabrics like velvet and velour through weaving loops or a secondary yarn that is then cut or left intact. The finishing process for textiles may include washing, fulling, raising the nap using various brushing methods, and trimming the nap to create an even surface.

1. ASSIGNMENT
Fabric and Garment Finishes
Emerization and napping/ brushing
By:-
Kartik Singh
Prashant Telreja
Anirban Sikder

2. INTRODUCTION

3. EMERIZATION

4. NAPPING/BRUSHING
Primarily, nap is the raised (fuzzy) surface on certain kinds of cloth, such
as velvet. Nap can refer additionally to other surfaces that look like the
surface of a napped cloth, such as the surface of a felt or beaver hat.
Starting around the 14th century, the word referred originally to the
roughness of woven cloth before it was sheared.[1][2] When cloth, especially
woollen cloth, is woven, the surface of the cloth is not smooth, and this
roughness is the nap. Generally the cloth is then 'sheared' to create an
even surface, and the nap is thus removed.
Piled nap
Since the 15th century, the term nap generally refers to a special pile given to the
cloth.[2] The term pile refers to raised fibres that are there on purpose, rather than as a
by product of producing the cloth.[3] In this case, the nap is woven into the cloth, often by
weaving loops into the fabric, which can then be cut or left intact. Carpets,
rugs, velvet, velour, andvelveteen, are made by interlacing a secondary yarn through
woven cloth, creating a nap or pile.
[edit]Raising the nap
In the finishing process of manufacturing textiles, after the cloth is woven, it goes
through processes such as washing, fulling, raising the nap, and trimming the nap. After
the nap is trimmed, the fabric is considered finished. The raising process, which draws
out the ends of the fibres, is done on both woollen and cotton fabric.[4] Flannelette is a
cotton fabric that goes through this process. There are ways to 'raise the nap', most of
which involve wire brushes such as raising cards. Originally, dried teasel pods were
used[5] and were still preferred for use on woollen cloth for a long time. [4] Woollen
fabrics, which must be damp when raising the nap, are then dried and stretched before
the nap is trimmed or sheared. Cotton cloth goes straight to the shearing process,
where the nap gets trimmed to ensure that all the raised fibres are the same length.[4]

5. REFERENCES