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Assamese mughal conflict
- 1. BATTLES IN THENORTH EAST : 1615-67
- 2. PREVIEW Background : Ahom-Mughal conflicts FirstAhom Mughal conflict : 1615 Lachit Borphukan & Battle of Saraighat Lessons learnt Ahom Mughal conflicts : 1636-1658 Invasion of Mir Jumla
- 3. NORTH EAST EMPIRES- 17TH CENTURY Mughal Empire Ahom Kingdom Jaintia Kingdom Kachari Kingdom Manipur Kingdom Koch Kingdom
- 4. BACKGROUND OF AHOM-MUGHALCONFLICTS Koch Kingdom 1587 – King Nara Narayana East Koch Kingdom – King Lakshimi Narayana West Koch Kingdom – Parikshit Narayana Rivalry betn East & West Koch Kingdom Alliance : East Koch– Mughals Indep West Koch Kingdom Mughal Empire Ahom Kingdom E Koch W Koch
- 5. Cooch Behar EXTENT OFEAST AND WEST KOCH KINGDOM East Koch Kingdom West Koch Kingdom Brahmaputra R Sankosh R Bharali R
- 6. Cooch Behar MUGHAL ATTKON WEST KOCH KINGDOM : 1602 East Koch Kingdom West Koch Kingdom Brahmaputra R Sankosh R Bharali R Dhubri Mughals adv towards Dhubri under Ali Kuli Khan Mughal ally Lakshimi Narayana adv towards Dhubri Dhubri captured and Mughals occu West Koch Kingdom Parikshit Narayana imprisoned
- 7. FIRST AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT- 1615 Dhubri Barzapur Manas R Pratap Singha of Ahom Dynasty and Bali Narayana formed alliance Bali Narayana brother of Parikshit took refuge with the Ahoms Mughal adv from East Koch Kingdom towards Ahom Kingdom 1st Ahom Mughal conflict begunHajo Mughal force mov from Barzapur to Hajo under Sayyid Baqr, Jamal Khan & Raja Satrajit of Bhusna Mughal HQ est at Hajo
- 8. FIRST AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT- 1615 Hajo Kaliabor Sala Fort Nagaon Brahmaputra R Kajali Kajali under Ahom dynasty occu Mughals adv towards Kaliabor & Sala fort occu Ahoms strengthened def at Samdhara Fort Mughals adv to Samdhara Fort Tezpur Hajo Kajali Kaliabor
- 9. 1ST AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT- 1615 Brahmaputra R Bharali R Samdhara Kaliabor Tezpur Hajo Kajali Kaliabor Tezpur Samdhara Mughal adv towards Samdhara across the Bharali R Ahoms repulsed the Mughals on the banks of Bharali R Sala Fort Mughals retreated and est fortifications on the other side of Bharali R Mughals another attempt to cross Bharali R successful
- 10. Brahmaputra R Bharali R Samdhara Kaliabor Tezpur SalaFort LOST TERRITORIES REGAINED BY AHOMS : 1616 Addl Ahom forces sent to Samdhara Ahoms launched CA under Bella Bargohain Mughals under Aba Baqr taken by surprise and dislodged Mughals retreated to other side of Bharali R Three pronged attk launched across Bharali R Ahom hold est on both banks of Bharali R
- 11. FIRST AHOM MUGHALCONFLICT : GAINS AND LOSSES Mughal cdr Aba Baqr killed by Bella Bargohain Raja Satrajit escaped 1700 killed , 3400 wounded & 900 captured Large caches -elephants , horses , war boats, swords and munitions captured New fort constr at Samdhara Ahoms territorial expanse upto Barnadi R
- 12. EXPANSE OF TERRITORIESAFTER FIRST CONFLICT Sankosh R Kaliabor Tezpur Brahmaputra R Nowmati Barnadi R Bharali R Hajo Pandu Kamrup Ahom Kingdom Mughal Empire
- 13. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1636 Kaliabor Tezpur Brahmaputra R Nowmati BarnadiR Bharali R Hajo Bali Narayana attk Mughal outpost at Nowmati across Barnadi R Kenglai Chetia occu Hajo Abdus Sala Governor of Kamrup urged for rft from Bengal Viceroy Islam Khan Rft from Ghoraghat (present day Bangladesh) delayed Ahoms adv towards Saraighat and Pandu Pandu Saraighat Mughals suffered hvy cas
- 14. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1636 Hajo Pandu Brahmaputra R Saraighat Ahomscaptured Saraighat & Pandu Raja Satrajit at Pandu surrendered Mughal rft from Ghoraghat arr at Pandu Ahoms dislodged from Pandu and retreated to Saraighat Mughas under Zeinul Abidin recaptured Saraighat and Hajo
- 15. Hajo Pandu Brahmaputra R Saraighat AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1636 Mughalsplonged at Saraighat and Hajo under Zienul Abidin Raja Satrajit remained at Pandu but now became a spy of Ahoms Huge rft sent by Pratap Singha at Pandu both via land and water Raja Satrajit revealed Mughal dispositions to Ahoms Ahom def strengthened at Pandu Guwahati
- 16. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1636 Ahom navylaunched ni attk at Saraighat Guwahati Goalpara Chunari Pandu Brahmaputra R Mughals retreated to Sualkuchi Pratap Singha wanted to free Kamrup from Mughals Mughals faced hvy defeat at Sualkuchi and Hajo Kamrup Hajo Saraighat Sualkuchi Ahoms captured areas upto Goalpara and Chunari along the S bank of Brahmaputra R The Ahoms est sovereignty on either banks of Brahmaputra R and in most parts of Kamrup
- 17. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1637 Karaibari Hatisala Solmari Goalpara Dhubri Jagighopa In latedec rfts came for Mughals under Mir Zeinuddin and Allah Yar Khan Mughals attk Karaibari and HQ Hatisila ruled by Chandra Narayana Mughals then occu all Ahom fortifications upto Goalpara Mughals crossed the Brahmaputra R and reached Dhubri Ahoms def at Jagighopa strengthened to check Mughal adv Mughals occu Jagighopa Guwahati Brahmaputra R
- 18. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1637 Goalpara Karaibari Hatisila Solmari Dhubri Jagighopa Guwahati Bhabhanipur Barnagar Bishnupur Kalapani By Apr1637 Mughals reached Bishnupur capturing imp fortifications Ahom forces retreated to Kalapani under Bali Narayana Bali Narayana strengthened fortifications at Kalapani and with assistance from King Pratap Singha Brahmaputra R
- 19. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1637 Goalpara Karaibari Hatisila Solmari Dhubri Jagighopa Guwahati Barpeta Bhabhanipur Barnagar Bishnupur Kalapani Mughals underMd Zaman CA against the Ahoms Bali Narayana launched successive ni attks and recaptured Bishnupur , Barnagar and Bhabhanipur by 31 Oct On 01 Nov fierce battle fought betn Md Zaman & Bali Narayana at Barpeta Brahmaputra R
- 20. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT :1637-38 In Nov Mughal land forces under Md Zaman adv towards Hajo and captured it GuwahatiBrahmaputra R Barpeta Hajo Saraighat Pandu Kajali In Dec Mughal land forces and naval fleet under Masum Khan simultaneously attk Saraighat Ahom forces retreated to Pandu In Jan 1638 Mughals overran Pandu and captured Kajali fort Ahom survivors withdrew to Kaliabor under Momai Tamuli Mughal’s Aim – To capture Ahom capital Garhgaon overrunning Sala and Samdhara
- 21. EXPANSE OF TERRITORIES: 1638 Sankosh R Kaliabor Tezpur Brahmaputra R Nowmati Barnadi R Bharali R Hajo Pandu Kamrup Ahom Kingdom Mughal Empire
- 22. Brahmaputra R Bharali R Samdhara Kaliabor Tezpur Duiminisila AHOM-MUGHALCONFLICT - 1638 In Oct 1638 Mughals with Pran Narayana of East Koch kingdom adv to attk Samdhara The Mughal forces encamped at Duimunisila Meanwhile Momai Tamuli reorg his exhausted forces at Samdhara Mughals cautious of the previous defeat at Samdhara delayed the attk by a month and a half Momai Tamuli took the Mughals by surprise and attk them with full str
- 23. FINAL AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT- 1638 Brahmaputra R Duiminisila Kaliabor Kajali Guwahati Barnadi R Tezpur Bharali R In Nov 1638 after three days naval battle in Duimunisila with Ahoms, Mughal under Md Zaman and Mir Zeinuddin retreated to Kajali Ahoms overran Mughals at Kajali and reached Guwahati in pursuit of the Mughals Peace Treaty of Asurar Ali signed betn the Allah Yar Khan Governor of Kamrup and Momai Tamuli
- 24. Brahmaputra R Duiminisila Kaliabor Kajali Tezpur Bharali R Asurar TREATYOF ASURAR ALI - 1639 Guwahati Barnadi R The treaty fixed the Barnadi R in the north and Asurar in the south of Brahmaputra R as bdy betn Ahoms and Mughals Kamrup Ahoms
- 25. COLD WAR PD: 1639- 58 Violation of pers freedom of subjects Mughal capital shifted from Hajo to Guwahati Pratap Singha died in 1641, Jayadhwaj Singha – new king Resumption of trade Diplomatic correspondence betn Momai Tamuli and Allah Yar Khan showing gestures of peace Mughals Khedah ops in Darrang Extradition of political offenders Evidently the Treaty of Asurar Ali was honoured more in its breach than obs
- 26. Mughal Empire Ahom Kingdom WKoch Mughals overthrown from Kamrup RENEWAL OF CONFLICT Entire territory betn the Barnadi R & Sankosh R under Ahom rule Kamrup Kamrup – Bone of contention betn Ahoms and Mughals Shah Jahan’s illness and Shuja’s absence from Bengal Ahoms under Tangchu and the West Koch Kingdom under Jaya Narayana attk Mughal Kamrup Aurangzeb appt Mir Jumla as the new Governor of Bengal
- 27. INVASION OF MIRJUMLA Mir tasked to conquer Assam and Arakan Mir detected some signs of crack in the Ahom allies New king of Kamrup Jaya narayana - deserted the Ahoms Jaya Narayana apprised sit of Kamrup and Assam to Mir Mir deputed Rashid Khan against Ahoms
- 28. INVASION OF MIRJUMLA : 1662 In Jan 1662 Mir occu Jagighopa and adv on three fronts N bank – Mir Jumla, S Bank – Sayyid Khan SaraighatJagighopa KajaliHajo Pandu Sualkuchi Beltala Darrang Samdhara Simalugarh Garhgaon Goalpara Dhubri Guwahati N Bank – Hajo, Sualkuchi, Saraighat & Darrang captured S bank –Guwahati, Pandu, Beltala & Kajali Mughals adv further east towards Ahom capital Garhgaon
- 29. TRIUMPHAL MARCH OFMIR JUMLA TO GARHGAON Saraighat Hajo Beltala Darrang Garhgaon Ahom King Jayadhwaj conc def at twin strongholds Mughals encircled Simalugarh & captured Jagighopa Kajali Pandu Sualkuchi Samdhara Simalugarh Goalpara Dhubri Guwahati Withdrawal of Ahom forces at Samdhara In Mar 1662 Garhgaon was captured Treaty of Ghilajharighat signed on 23 Jan 1663 Kaliabor Namrup
- 30. TREATY OF GHILAJHARIGHAT: 1663 Signed by Mir Jumla & Jayadhwaj Dowry of 20,000 tolas gold, 1,20,000 tolas silver and 20 dressed elephants An yearly war indemenity of 30,000 tolas silver and 90 elephants Pay annual tribute of 20 elephants at Guwahati Return areas from Manas R to Guwahati Cede areas of Kamrup to Mughals Send four hostages, one each from the royal family of Ahoms Release captives of Mughal Kamrup
- 31. EXPANSE OF TERRITORY: TREATY OF GHILAJHARIGHAT Signed by Mir Jumla & Jayadhwaj Mughal emperor paid dowry of 20,000 tolas gold, 1,20,000 tolas silver and 20 dressed elephants Ahoms paid yearly war indemenity of 30,000 tolas silver and 90 elephants Pay annual tribute of 20 elephants at Guwahati Return areas from Manas R to Guwahati Cede areas of Kamrup to Mughals Send four hostages, one each from the royal family of Ahoms Release captives of Mughal Kamrup Bharali R Sankosh R Manas R
- 32. EXPANSE OF TERRITORY: TREATY OF GHILAJHARIGHAT
- 33. LACHIT BORPHUKAN AND THE BATTLEOF SARAIGHAT
- 34. AHOM KINGDOM –1663 : POL & MIL CHANGES King Jayadhwaj died and Chakradhwaj took over SaraighatJagighopa KajaliHajo Pandu Sualkuchi Beltala Darrang Samdhara Simalugarh Garhgaon Goalpara Dhubri Guwahati Jaintia Kingdom Kachari Kingdom Diplomatic talks with Jaintia & Kachari kingdoms Lachit Deka Borphukan appt as the chief of Ahom Forces Mughal Empire Ahom Kingdom Atan Borhogohain appt as Prime Minister
- 35. LACHIT BORPHUKAN Born on24 Nov 1622 to Momai Tamuli Borbarua Educated in humanities, mil tactics & holy scriptures Held various other imp appts before appt as Ahom Army Gen Strengthened the Ahom Army Clever diplomat and great mil ldr with unusual grit, will power, stamina and depth of judgement “If you (the soldiers) want to flee, flee. The king has given me a task here and I will do it well. Let the Mughals take me away. You rep to the king that his Gen fought well fwg his orders.” Ardent patriot as Chatrapati Shivaji
- 36. LACHIT BORPHUKAN Born on24 nov 1622 to Momai Tamuli Borbarua Educated in humanities, mil tactics & holy scriptures Held various other imp appts before appt as Ahom Army Gen Strengthened the Ahom Army Clever diplomat and great mil ldr with unusual grit, will power, stamina and depth of judgement “If you (the soldiers) want to flee, flee. The king has given me a task here and I will do it well. Let the Mughals take me away. You rep to the king that his Gen fought well fwg his orders.” Ardent patriot
- 37. Saraighat Hajo Beltala Darrang Garhgaon Jagighopa Kajali Pandu Sualkuchi Samdhara Simalugarh Goalpara Dhubri Guwahati Kaliabor LACHIT PREP HISARMY FOR WAR : 1663-1667 Incr in food production New fortifications at Samdhara, Simalugarh & Kaliabor New war vessels constr & fitted with cannons Mfg of arms and amn under pers supervision Rd along Brahmaputra R from Kaliabor to capital Garhgaon duly guarded Indn of new rects Rehearsals of battle drills
- 38. MUGHAL DEF -1667 Umananda Barnadi R Rangamahal Saraighat Hajo Itakhuli Pandu Latasil Kajali Guwahati Sualkuchi Shah Buruz Brahmaputra R Darrang Ahom forces under Lachit adv towards Guwahati
- 39. LACHIT RECAPTURES GUWAHATI: 1667 Lachit made Kaliabor his base camp & adv with two div Umananda Rangamahal Saraighat Itakhuli Pandu Latasil Kajali Sualkuchi Shah Buruz Darrang Kaliabor Hajo Brahmaputra R N div – Atan Borhagohain S div – Nausilia Phukan Barnadi R N div pushed Mughals across Barnadi R S div dislodged Mughals upto Itakhuli Umananda Rangamahal Pandu Latasil Kajali Shah Buruz Darrang
- 40. Saraighat Sualkuchi Kaliabor Hajo Barnadi R Umananda Rangamahal Pandu Latasil Kajali Shah Buruz Darrang LACHITRECAPTURES GUWAHATI : 1667 ItakhuliItakhuli Saraighat Sualkuchi Hajo Manas R Mughals pushed beyond Manas R In Nov 1667 Itakhuli captured Brahmaputra R
- 41. DEF OF AHOMS SARAIGHAT Kalahi Boko Rangamahal Hajo Sualkuchi Saraighat Itakhuli Pandu Latasil ShahBuruz Brahmaputra R Nagarberra Manas R HQ Guwahati – Lachit Borphukan N sector – Atan Borhagohain S sector – Lahan Hazarika Ram Singh commissioned as Mughal Gen against Ahoms who adv upto Hajo Fortifications at Saraighat strengthened Region upto Manas R strengthened
- 42. THE FINAL ATTK Agiathuti Kajali Andharubali Koolhati AkulAli Sualkuchi Itakhuli Pandu Latasil Shah Buruz Hajo Saraighat Rangamahal Mughals beseiged Agiathuti, Saraighat and Rangmahal on the N bank Naval forces adv towards Saraighat and est forts just short of Ahom cannon fire Mughals encircled by Ahoms, retreated to Hajo Ram Singh adv on the S bank and invested Pandu Monsoons began and the Mughals retreated to Sualkuchi Rft for Ahoms arr at Sarighat from Samdhara
- 43. LESSONS LEARNT Leadership Trn analysis Decisionmaking Delaying tactics Planning and prep for war Small team ops
- 44.