This presentation is on the battles fought in the North East esp the areas adjoining Assam.One thing which we all should be aware is that the mighty mughals who had expanded their territory in each and every part of India filed to do so in the North East, The Mughals can never say that they had ruled NE because of the Assamese opposition they faced.
Colonial cities in India developed under European colonial rule between the 16th and 20th centuries. Chennai, originally known as Madras, is highlighted as a case study. It began as a small trading settlement established by the British East India Company in 1639. Over centuries, the British expanded control of the area and merged surrounding villages to form the modern city of Chennai. Colonial development transformed Chennai into an important political and economic center, establishing institutions and infrastructure that supported its growth into a major city.
The document summarizes the various reasons for the decline of the Mauryan dynasty in ancient India in 3-4 sentences:
1) Ineligible rulers who were not strong administrators led to decentralization and the division of the vast empire into independent kingdoms.
2) The highly centralized administration that worked under strong early rulers became difficult to maintain under weaker later kings, contributing to independence movements.
3) Revolts by regional rulers who lost loyalty to the central authority, as well as internal revolts like that led by Pushyamitra Shunga, destabilized the dynasty.
4) External attacks after the rule of Ashoka, who adopted a non-violent policy, further weakened the
Shah Jahan was the Mughal emperor of India from 1628 to 1658 during the Golden Age of the empire. Some of his major accomplishments included building the Taj Mahal as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal, as well as expanding the empire. However, in 1658 he fell ill and was confined by his son Aurangzeb until his death in 1666.
The Sumerians developed many important achievements including the first writing system called cuneiform using pictographs and syllables on clay tablets. They invented the wheel for vehicles and pottery, as well as the plow for farming. In mathematics they developed a number system based on 60 and studied geometry, medicine, and astronomy. They built impressive ziggurat temples and created artworks, jewelry, and cylinder seals.
The Great Artistic Mughal Ruler - ShahjahanKhanImran5975
ย
Shah Jahan was the third son of emperor Jahangir and became emperor himself in 1628 after gaining support from his wife's family. As emperor, he had military successes expanding Mughal power in southern India and the northwest. However, some territories like Kandahar were later lost back to Persia. Shah Jahan is most famous for his passionate interest in architecture and magnificent buildings like the Taj Mahal, as well as structures in the Red Fort complex in Delhi.
The document discusses the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Europe through the rise of merchantilism and the agrarian revolution in Britain. It describes how feudalism was based on a system of lords and serfs tied to the land. The agrarian revolution introduced new farming techniques like crop rotation that increased agricultural productivity and helped provide food for growing urban populations. It also discusses the enclosure movement that consolidated land and displaced peasant farmers. These changes helped supply labor, raw materials, and markets that facilitated the rise of merchantilism and capitalism in Europe.
The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 by Babur and reached its peak under Emperor Akbar. The second Mughal emperor, Humayun, temporarily lost control of India to Sher Shah Suri but regained it with Persian aid 15 years later. In his short rule, Humayun was able to expand the empire further, leaving a substantial legacy for his son Akbar to build upon.
The document discusses the rise of democracy in Europe. It begins with defining democracy and noting its origins in ancient Greece. It then discusses how democracy spread from Greece to other parts of Europe through revolutions, with the English and French revolutions playing a key role. Before these revolutions, European politics were dominated by absolutism, the divine right of kings, feudalism, and an inseparable church and state. The English revolution from 1640-1689 weakened these systems and established principles like parliamentary control over taxes and free elections. This revolution helped pave the way for capitalism in England by introducing free trade, empowering merchants politically, unifying the country, abolishing serfdom, and consolidating land ownership.
Colonial cities in India developed under European colonial rule between the 16th and 20th centuries. Chennai, originally known as Madras, is highlighted as a case study. It began as a small trading settlement established by the British East India Company in 1639. Over centuries, the British expanded control of the area and merged surrounding villages to form the modern city of Chennai. Colonial development transformed Chennai into an important political and economic center, establishing institutions and infrastructure that supported its growth into a major city.
The document summarizes the various reasons for the decline of the Mauryan dynasty in ancient India in 3-4 sentences:
1) Ineligible rulers who were not strong administrators led to decentralization and the division of the vast empire into independent kingdoms.
2) The highly centralized administration that worked under strong early rulers became difficult to maintain under weaker later kings, contributing to independence movements.
3) Revolts by regional rulers who lost loyalty to the central authority, as well as internal revolts like that led by Pushyamitra Shunga, destabilized the dynasty.
4) External attacks after the rule of Ashoka, who adopted a non-violent policy, further weakened the
Shah Jahan was the Mughal emperor of India from 1628 to 1658 during the Golden Age of the empire. Some of his major accomplishments included building the Taj Mahal as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal, as well as expanding the empire. However, in 1658 he fell ill and was confined by his son Aurangzeb until his death in 1666.
The Sumerians developed many important achievements including the first writing system called cuneiform using pictographs and syllables on clay tablets. They invented the wheel for vehicles and pottery, as well as the plow for farming. In mathematics they developed a number system based on 60 and studied geometry, medicine, and astronomy. They built impressive ziggurat temples and created artworks, jewelry, and cylinder seals.
The Great Artistic Mughal Ruler - ShahjahanKhanImran5975
ย
Shah Jahan was the third son of emperor Jahangir and became emperor himself in 1628 after gaining support from his wife's family. As emperor, he had military successes expanding Mughal power in southern India and the northwest. However, some territories like Kandahar were later lost back to Persia. Shah Jahan is most famous for his passionate interest in architecture and magnificent buildings like the Taj Mahal, as well as structures in the Red Fort complex in Delhi.
The document discusses the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Europe through the rise of merchantilism and the agrarian revolution in Britain. It describes how feudalism was based on a system of lords and serfs tied to the land. The agrarian revolution introduced new farming techniques like crop rotation that increased agricultural productivity and helped provide food for growing urban populations. It also discusses the enclosure movement that consolidated land and displaced peasant farmers. These changes helped supply labor, raw materials, and markets that facilitated the rise of merchantilism and capitalism in Europe.
The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 by Babur and reached its peak under Emperor Akbar. The second Mughal emperor, Humayun, temporarily lost control of India to Sher Shah Suri but regained it with Persian aid 15 years later. In his short rule, Humayun was able to expand the empire further, leaving a substantial legacy for his son Akbar to build upon.
The document discusses the rise of democracy in Europe. It begins with defining democracy and noting its origins in ancient Greece. It then discusses how democracy spread from Greece to other parts of Europe through revolutions, with the English and French revolutions playing a key role. Before these revolutions, European politics were dominated by absolutism, the divine right of kings, feudalism, and an inseparable church and state. The English revolution from 1640-1689 weakened these systems and established principles like parliamentary control over taxes and free elections. This revolution helped pave the way for capitalism in England by introducing free trade, empowering merchants politically, unifying the country, abolishing serfdom, and consolidating land ownership.
Mesopotamia was the first civilization located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq and Syria. It was the site of several influential empires over thousands of years. People were initially drawn to settle in Mesopotamia due to its fertile flood plains for agriculture from the surrounding rivers. Major early civilizations included the Sumerians in southern Mesopotamia around 3500-2000 BCE, made up of independent city-states, and the Akkadian Empire of 2330-2130 BCE, which unified the region under one ruler for the first time. Later the Babylonian Empire arose around 1800 BCE under King Hammurabi, famous for his legal code,
The Origins of Capitalism and its Connection with the Industrial Revolutionlennyambrosini
ย
The document discusses the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Europe between the 12th-18th centuries. Under feudalism, peasants worked the land in exchange for shelter and were forced to give part of their harvest as rent to lords. The emergence of merchant capitalism and increased trade led to the rise of a new merchant class and the decline of feudal systems. Peasants were evicted from land as it was enclosed for sheep farming. Without land, they became wage laborers in cities and new industries like textiles. This marked the transition to a capitalist system defined by two main social classes - industrial capitalists and the working class.
The document summarizes the rise of the Magadha kingdom and the administrative structure of the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka. It describes how the Magadha rulers grew powerful due to their iron resources and strategic locations. It then outlines the three levels of administration in the Mauryan Empire - the central, provincial, and local levels - and some of the key positions and departments at each level, such as the council of ministers, accountant general, and district officers.
The document summarizes the medieval period in India from the 8th to 18th centuries. It began with the fall of the Gupta Empire and saw the emergence of several Rajput kingdoms in northern and western India. The Delhi Sultanate was established by the arriving Turks, followed by the Mughal dynasty. Major developments included the spread of Islam and Hindu-Muslim cultural exchanges, as well as growth in trade, cities, art, and architecture. New social and political groups also emerged during this time, such as regional kingdoms transitioning into larger empires like the Rashtrakuta Empire.
The struggle for parliamentary democracy & civil libertiesDr Bikash Ranjan Deb
ย
This document discusses the history of parliamentary democracy and civil liberties in Great Britain. It traces the evolution of parliament from a forum for the king to seek advice to a democratically elected body over centuries. Key events included the Magna Carta limiting the king's power, the English Civil War establishing parliament's supremacy, and reform acts in the 19th century gradually expanding voting rights. The struggle for representation included the Chartist movement fighting for working class political rights.
Ancient Greece developed along the Mediterranean coast and islands between 3000 BC to 30 BC. The civilization was never unified but shared a common language, religion, and culture. City-states called poleis governed independent territories and included democratic Athens and military Sparta. Athens and Sparta vied for power during the Classical period, fighting the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian Wars. Alexander the Great then conquered Greece and spread Greek culture across his vast empire before it was divided after his death, ushering in the Hellenistic period until Roman domination by the 1st century BC.
The medieval city of Jodhpur, India was founded in 1459 by Rao Jodha, a Rajput chief, as the new capital of the Marwar state after moving from Mandore. Jodha established the settlement atop a rocky hill and built the strong Mehrangarh fort there to provide safety. The city grew around the fort and over time expanded with new walls and gates built. Jodhpur became a prosperous trading center located along a key route between Delhi and Gujarat. In later centuries, it came under the suzerainty of the Mughal Empire while still retaining some autonomy.
Puli Thevar was an 18th century poligar ruler of Nerkattumseval in Tamil Nadu who fought bravely against the British East India Company. He defeated the British in the first siege of his fort at Nelkattumseval in 1755, refusing to pay even a small sum demanded by them. Puli Thevar then engaged in numerous battles against British and Nawab forces for several years, capturing many forts. However, he was eventually overwhelmed by huge reinforcements against him. According to some accounts, Puli Thevar escaped execution by mysteriously vanishing from his shackles in a temple.
The Maurya Administration System was Efficient and Monarchical. The King of The Maurya Government was the head of the Mauryan Empire Administration.
The Mauryan Empire had the privileged of having successful administrators such as Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara Maurya and Ashoka The Great.
The Mauryan Empire had an efficient and centralised administrative system. The Chief source of information regarding administration under the Mauryan Empire is Chanakyaโs work, Arthashastra. Magasthenes also gives some information in his book, Indika.
The Sangam Age was a period in ancient Tamil history from around 300 BCE to 300 CE. During this time, Tamilakam was inhabited by the ancient Tamils and covered parts of modern-day Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The Sangam literature provides details about the political, social, economic and cultural aspects of this period. The three main Tamil kingdoms were the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas, who ruled different parts of Tamilakam. Local chieftains also held power. Agriculture was the main occupation and trade flourished by sea and land within India and with other parts of the world. Poetry, music and dance were an important part of Tamil culture during the Sangam Age
The document provides information about the Mughal Empire in India from 1526 to 1757. It discusses the six great Mughal emperors who ruled during the empire's peak: Babur, who founded the empire; Humayun, his son; Akbar, considered the greatest emperor who expanded the empire; Jahangir, his son; Shah Jahan, known for building the Taj Mahal; and Aurangzeb, the last of the great Mughals. It provides brief biographies of each emperor's life and accomplishments.
The Mughal emperors ruled northern India from the early 16th century to the early 18th century, originating from central Asia. At its peak under emperors like Akbar and Shah Jahan, the Mughal Empire encompassed northern India and Pakistan. Key Mughal emperors included Babur, who founded the dynasty, Akbar who greatly expanded the empire, and Aurangzeb who presided over a period of decline as British influence grew.
The document discusses the emergence of city-states in ancient Greece following a period of darkness. After Dorian invaders defeated the Mycenaeans around 1200 BCE, Greece entered a 400 year dark age where no writing occurred. Around 800 BCE, small villages began banding together to form trading centers called city-states, and hundreds emerged across Greece. Each city-state had its own identity and government, and citizens were fiercely loyal to their own city over any sense of national identity. The Acropolis in Athens housed important temples and monuments.
Ashoka was an emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty who ruled most of northern and central India from 268 to 232 BCE. After conquering the kingdom of Kalinga in a brutal war, Ashoka converted to Buddhism and renounced violence, instead following a policy of non-violence, tolerance, and respect. He erected pillars with edicts promoting dharma and established hospitals, rest houses, roads, and wells across his empire. The Mauryan Empire had a large administrative structure and military to govern its vast territories during Ashoka's reign.
Jahangir ruled from 1605 to 1627 as the emperor of the Mughal Empire after his father Akbar. His son Khushrau rebelled against him but was defeated and imprisoned. Jahangir conquered territories like Mewar, Kangra, Avadh, and Bengal. Initially he had liberal relations with European traders like the Portuguese and English, but tensions arose and permissions were revoked at times. Nur Jahan, his wife, became an influential figure during his later years as his health declined. Shah Jahan later ascended the throne in 1628 and oversaw a golden age of art and architecture, building the Taj Mahal and Red Fort, though excessive spending weakened the empire's finances. Conflict arose
The Satavahanas were a dynasty that ruled over parts of central and southern India between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE. They originated from the Deccan region and had their capital in Dharanikota and Amaravati in present-day Andhra Pradesh. Some key rulers included Satakarni I, Gautamiputra Satakarni, Vasishthiputra Pulamavi, and Yajna Satakarni. The Satavahanas came into conflict with neighboring Western Kshatrapa and Indo-Greek rulers but were able to defeat them and expand their territories at times under rulers like Gautamip
Feudalism developed in Western Europe following the decline of Charlemagne's empire in the 9th century. Under feudalism, society was organized into a pyramid-like hierarchy with the king at the top granting land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service. Nobles then granted land to knights who granted land to peasants, who lived on and worked the land in exchange for protection. Peasants had little freedom and lived difficult lives, but their servitude was tied to the land rather than being slaves. The feudal system helped provide security and governance in a decentralized political environment vulnerable to invaders.
Growth of cities and towns during medieval indiaPrabhleen Arora
ย
This document discusses the growth of cities and towns in medieval India. It explains that towns first developed around religious sites, seats of government, and as commercial centers along trade routes. Cities grew substantially during the Sultanate period and further in the 16th-17th centuries. Larger towns had markets, manufacturing of goods, and a hierarchy with smaller towns and villages. However, the establishment of the East India Company in the late 17th century negatively impacted urban industries and economic development.
The Sangam Age refers to the time when Tamil scholars and poets gathered in three successive literary assemblies called Sangams. The Pandyas, Cheras, and Cholas dynasties were prominent during this time and often at war, which provided themes for Sangam literature. Key sources about the Sangam Age include literary works like the Tirukkural, a text covering ethics, wealth, and love, as well as archaeological sources like megalithic burial monuments made of large stones.
The document summarizes the Stone Age periods in human prehistory. It describes the Palaeolithic Age as the earliest and longest period, characterized by hunting and gathering with crude stone tools. Cave paintings provide information on early human life. The Mesolithic Age followed, where smaller stone tools were used and hunting became more prevalent. In the Neolithic Age, humans began cultivating crops and domesticating animals, settling into agricultural villages in river valleys, marking a shift to food production. The Chalcolithic Age was a transitional period where both stone and early copper tools were utilized. Archaeological sites provide evidence of life and technological changes during the Stone Age periods.
The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 by Babur who defeated the Delhi Sultanate at Panipat. The Mughals were descendants of both Genghis Khan and Timur. There were 6 major Mughal emperors who ruled over large parts of South Asia for over 200 years: Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb. Akbar implemented important policies like a universal religion called Din-i-Ilahi and a land revenue system called zabt. Under later emperors, the empire began declining due to revolts and foreign invasions. By the 18th century, the empire fractured into independent states
This document provides a timeline of important events in Indian history from 7500 BC to 1877 AD. Some key events include the Indus Valley Civilization from 2500-1500 BC, the life of Gautama Buddha and Mahavira in the 6th century BC, the rise of the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BC, the reign of Ashoka in the 3rd century BC, the arrival of Europeans like Vasco da Gama in the 15th century, the establishment of the Mughal Empire by Babur in 1526, and the British East India Company gaining control of parts of India in the late 18th century.
Mesopotamia was the first civilization located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq and Syria. It was the site of several influential empires over thousands of years. People were initially drawn to settle in Mesopotamia due to its fertile flood plains for agriculture from the surrounding rivers. Major early civilizations included the Sumerians in southern Mesopotamia around 3500-2000 BCE, made up of independent city-states, and the Akkadian Empire of 2330-2130 BCE, which unified the region under one ruler for the first time. Later the Babylonian Empire arose around 1800 BCE under King Hammurabi, famous for his legal code,
The Origins of Capitalism and its Connection with the Industrial Revolutionlennyambrosini
ย
The document discusses the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Europe between the 12th-18th centuries. Under feudalism, peasants worked the land in exchange for shelter and were forced to give part of their harvest as rent to lords. The emergence of merchant capitalism and increased trade led to the rise of a new merchant class and the decline of feudal systems. Peasants were evicted from land as it was enclosed for sheep farming. Without land, they became wage laborers in cities and new industries like textiles. This marked the transition to a capitalist system defined by two main social classes - industrial capitalists and the working class.
The document summarizes the rise of the Magadha kingdom and the administrative structure of the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka. It describes how the Magadha rulers grew powerful due to their iron resources and strategic locations. It then outlines the three levels of administration in the Mauryan Empire - the central, provincial, and local levels - and some of the key positions and departments at each level, such as the council of ministers, accountant general, and district officers.
The document summarizes the medieval period in India from the 8th to 18th centuries. It began with the fall of the Gupta Empire and saw the emergence of several Rajput kingdoms in northern and western India. The Delhi Sultanate was established by the arriving Turks, followed by the Mughal dynasty. Major developments included the spread of Islam and Hindu-Muslim cultural exchanges, as well as growth in trade, cities, art, and architecture. New social and political groups also emerged during this time, such as regional kingdoms transitioning into larger empires like the Rashtrakuta Empire.
The struggle for parliamentary democracy & civil libertiesDr Bikash Ranjan Deb
ย
This document discusses the history of parliamentary democracy and civil liberties in Great Britain. It traces the evolution of parliament from a forum for the king to seek advice to a democratically elected body over centuries. Key events included the Magna Carta limiting the king's power, the English Civil War establishing parliament's supremacy, and reform acts in the 19th century gradually expanding voting rights. The struggle for representation included the Chartist movement fighting for working class political rights.
Ancient Greece developed along the Mediterranean coast and islands between 3000 BC to 30 BC. The civilization was never unified but shared a common language, religion, and culture. City-states called poleis governed independent territories and included democratic Athens and military Sparta. Athens and Sparta vied for power during the Classical period, fighting the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian Wars. Alexander the Great then conquered Greece and spread Greek culture across his vast empire before it was divided after his death, ushering in the Hellenistic period until Roman domination by the 1st century BC.
The medieval city of Jodhpur, India was founded in 1459 by Rao Jodha, a Rajput chief, as the new capital of the Marwar state after moving from Mandore. Jodha established the settlement atop a rocky hill and built the strong Mehrangarh fort there to provide safety. The city grew around the fort and over time expanded with new walls and gates built. Jodhpur became a prosperous trading center located along a key route between Delhi and Gujarat. In later centuries, it came under the suzerainty of the Mughal Empire while still retaining some autonomy.
Puli Thevar was an 18th century poligar ruler of Nerkattumseval in Tamil Nadu who fought bravely against the British East India Company. He defeated the British in the first siege of his fort at Nelkattumseval in 1755, refusing to pay even a small sum demanded by them. Puli Thevar then engaged in numerous battles against British and Nawab forces for several years, capturing many forts. However, he was eventually overwhelmed by huge reinforcements against him. According to some accounts, Puli Thevar escaped execution by mysteriously vanishing from his shackles in a temple.
The Maurya Administration System was Efficient and Monarchical. The King of The Maurya Government was the head of the Mauryan Empire Administration.
The Mauryan Empire had the privileged of having successful administrators such as Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara Maurya and Ashoka The Great.
The Mauryan Empire had an efficient and centralised administrative system. The Chief source of information regarding administration under the Mauryan Empire is Chanakyaโs work, Arthashastra. Magasthenes also gives some information in his book, Indika.
The Sangam Age was a period in ancient Tamil history from around 300 BCE to 300 CE. During this time, Tamilakam was inhabited by the ancient Tamils and covered parts of modern-day Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The Sangam literature provides details about the political, social, economic and cultural aspects of this period. The three main Tamil kingdoms were the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas, who ruled different parts of Tamilakam. Local chieftains also held power. Agriculture was the main occupation and trade flourished by sea and land within India and with other parts of the world. Poetry, music and dance were an important part of Tamil culture during the Sangam Age
The document provides information about the Mughal Empire in India from 1526 to 1757. It discusses the six great Mughal emperors who ruled during the empire's peak: Babur, who founded the empire; Humayun, his son; Akbar, considered the greatest emperor who expanded the empire; Jahangir, his son; Shah Jahan, known for building the Taj Mahal; and Aurangzeb, the last of the great Mughals. It provides brief biographies of each emperor's life and accomplishments.
The Mughal emperors ruled northern India from the early 16th century to the early 18th century, originating from central Asia. At its peak under emperors like Akbar and Shah Jahan, the Mughal Empire encompassed northern India and Pakistan. Key Mughal emperors included Babur, who founded the dynasty, Akbar who greatly expanded the empire, and Aurangzeb who presided over a period of decline as British influence grew.
The document discusses the emergence of city-states in ancient Greece following a period of darkness. After Dorian invaders defeated the Mycenaeans around 1200 BCE, Greece entered a 400 year dark age where no writing occurred. Around 800 BCE, small villages began banding together to form trading centers called city-states, and hundreds emerged across Greece. Each city-state had its own identity and government, and citizens were fiercely loyal to their own city over any sense of national identity. The Acropolis in Athens housed important temples and monuments.
Ashoka was an emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty who ruled most of northern and central India from 268 to 232 BCE. After conquering the kingdom of Kalinga in a brutal war, Ashoka converted to Buddhism and renounced violence, instead following a policy of non-violence, tolerance, and respect. He erected pillars with edicts promoting dharma and established hospitals, rest houses, roads, and wells across his empire. The Mauryan Empire had a large administrative structure and military to govern its vast territories during Ashoka's reign.
Jahangir ruled from 1605 to 1627 as the emperor of the Mughal Empire after his father Akbar. His son Khushrau rebelled against him but was defeated and imprisoned. Jahangir conquered territories like Mewar, Kangra, Avadh, and Bengal. Initially he had liberal relations with European traders like the Portuguese and English, but tensions arose and permissions were revoked at times. Nur Jahan, his wife, became an influential figure during his later years as his health declined. Shah Jahan later ascended the throne in 1628 and oversaw a golden age of art and architecture, building the Taj Mahal and Red Fort, though excessive spending weakened the empire's finances. Conflict arose
The Satavahanas were a dynasty that ruled over parts of central and southern India between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE. They originated from the Deccan region and had their capital in Dharanikota and Amaravati in present-day Andhra Pradesh. Some key rulers included Satakarni I, Gautamiputra Satakarni, Vasishthiputra Pulamavi, and Yajna Satakarni. The Satavahanas came into conflict with neighboring Western Kshatrapa and Indo-Greek rulers but were able to defeat them and expand their territories at times under rulers like Gautamip
Feudalism developed in Western Europe following the decline of Charlemagne's empire in the 9th century. Under feudalism, society was organized into a pyramid-like hierarchy with the king at the top granting land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service. Nobles then granted land to knights who granted land to peasants, who lived on and worked the land in exchange for protection. Peasants had little freedom and lived difficult lives, but their servitude was tied to the land rather than being slaves. The feudal system helped provide security and governance in a decentralized political environment vulnerable to invaders.
Growth of cities and towns during medieval indiaPrabhleen Arora
ย
This document discusses the growth of cities and towns in medieval India. It explains that towns first developed around religious sites, seats of government, and as commercial centers along trade routes. Cities grew substantially during the Sultanate period and further in the 16th-17th centuries. Larger towns had markets, manufacturing of goods, and a hierarchy with smaller towns and villages. However, the establishment of the East India Company in the late 17th century negatively impacted urban industries and economic development.
The Sangam Age refers to the time when Tamil scholars and poets gathered in three successive literary assemblies called Sangams. The Pandyas, Cheras, and Cholas dynasties were prominent during this time and often at war, which provided themes for Sangam literature. Key sources about the Sangam Age include literary works like the Tirukkural, a text covering ethics, wealth, and love, as well as archaeological sources like megalithic burial monuments made of large stones.
The document summarizes the Stone Age periods in human prehistory. It describes the Palaeolithic Age as the earliest and longest period, characterized by hunting and gathering with crude stone tools. Cave paintings provide information on early human life. The Mesolithic Age followed, where smaller stone tools were used and hunting became more prevalent. In the Neolithic Age, humans began cultivating crops and domesticating animals, settling into agricultural villages in river valleys, marking a shift to food production. The Chalcolithic Age was a transitional period where both stone and early copper tools were utilized. Archaeological sites provide evidence of life and technological changes during the Stone Age periods.
The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 by Babur who defeated the Delhi Sultanate at Panipat. The Mughals were descendants of both Genghis Khan and Timur. There were 6 major Mughal emperors who ruled over large parts of South Asia for over 200 years: Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb. Akbar implemented important policies like a universal religion called Din-i-Ilahi and a land revenue system called zabt. Under later emperors, the empire began declining due to revolts and foreign invasions. By the 18th century, the empire fractured into independent states
This document provides a timeline of important events in Indian history from 7500 BC to 1877 AD. Some key events include the Indus Valley Civilization from 2500-1500 BC, the life of Gautama Buddha and Mahavira in the 6th century BC, the rise of the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BC, the reign of Ashoka in the 3rd century BC, the arrival of Europeans like Vasco da Gama in the 15th century, the establishment of the Mughal Empire by Babur in 1526, and the British East India Company gaining control of parts of India in the late 18th century.
The document provides a timeline of important events during the Mughal Empire in India from 1526 to 1857. It begins with Babur founding the empire by defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the Battle of Panipat in 1526. The empire reached its peak during the rule of Akbar the Great from 1556 to 1605, who expanded Mughal control across most of India and promoted religious tolerance. Shah Jahan's rule from 1627 to 1658 saw the construction of iconic buildings like the Taj Mahal. Aurangzeb's rule from 1658 to 1707 marked the beginning of decline as he reversed religious tolerance policies. The rebellion of 1857 marked the end of Mughal rule in India and the
1) The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 in northern India by Babur, a descendant of Timur, who defeated the Delhi Sultanate.
2) During the reign of Akbar from 1556-1605, the Mughal Empire reached its height, controlling most of northern and central India.
3) The Taj Mahal, built by Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his wife between 1632-1648, stands as an iconic monument of Mughal architecture.
Babur was the first emperor of the Mughal dynasty, ruling from 1526 to 1530. He established his empire by defeating Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat and the Rajputs and Afghan chiefs. His kingdom extended from Kabul to Bihar and the Himalayas to Gwalior. Babur was a brilliant warrior who used firearms and cannons to win numerous battles.
Jahangir was born in 1569 to Akbar and succeeded him as emperor in 1605. He faced rebellions from his sons Khusrau Mirza and Khurram, imprisoning and killing the former. Khurram later turned against his father in a bid for power as well. The
Babur was the first emperor of the Mughal dynasty, ruling from 1526 to 1530. He established his empire by defeating Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat and the Rajputs and Afghan chiefs. Though he ruled for only 4 years before dying, he was a brilliant warrior who used firearms and cannons to win numerous battles.
Jahangir succeeded his father Akbar as Mughal emperor in 1605. He faced rebellions from his sons Khusrau Mirza and Khurram, imprisoning and killing the former. Khurram later turned against his father as well. During his 22-year reign, the East India Company established relations with the Mughal
The Mughal School of Miniature Painting originated during the reigns of emperors like Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan in the 16th-17th centuries. They patronized artists who created paintings blending Islamic, Persian, and Indian styles. Many miniatures were made for the emperors depicting nature, portraits, and scenes based on their commissions. Artists lived and worked separately in the palaces, producing art that reflected Mughal tastes and culture.
The document traces the transition of power in India from Mughal rule to British East India Company rule. It discusses key figures like Aurangzeb, the last powerful Mughal ruler who died in 1707. It then covers the establishment of British trading posts in India and conflicts with local rulers like Siraj ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, which culminated in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and Robert Clive establishing company rule. It further discusses the company eliminating threats from other rulers like the Marathas and formally taking control of more territories by the mid-19th century under figures like Dalhousie, leading to direct British colonial rule.
History of South India in the Context of the Colonial DominationKhalid Noor Mohammed
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This document provides a historical timeline of South India from 1327 to 1876, outlining the conquests and establishment of kingdoms in the region, as well as the increasing colonial domination by European powers like Portugal, the Dutch, French and British East India Companies. Key events include Mohammed Bin Tughlaq's conquests in the 14th century, the founding of the Bahmani Kingdom in 1347, the Portuguese capturing Goa in 1510 and establishing forts and trade monopolies along the western coast, and the British defeating the French in the Carnatic Wars and gaining control of much of South India and establishing the British Raj by the late 18th century.
The document provides information about the Mughal dynasty that ruled India from 1526 to 1857. It discusses the key Mughal emperors including Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb. It describes the lineages of the Mughals from both their mother's side as descendants of Genghis Khan and their father's side as successors of Timur. It also outlines some of the major administrative systems established by the Mughals such as the mansabdar ranking system and the zabt system of revenue collection.
This contains the Personal Details , Characteristics , Contribution towards Islam and World , Related personalities , Wars , Event of That ERA , Lesson leart and Points of Motivation.
the presentation is divided into 2 parts for your easy understanding
1-picture form
2-theoretical form
know how the Mughal empire has come to an end.
How east India company established and British rule came to existence.
The document summarizes the history of the Mewar Kingdom, which was established in the 8th century in western India. It discusses the major kings who ruled Mewar, including Rana Hamir Singh I, Rana Kumbha, Rana Sanga, and Maharana Pratap Singh. The document also provides brief summaries of the kingdom's administration, wars with neighboring states and the Delhi Sultanate, society and culture, economy, and religion before concluding with the reasons for the decline of the Mewar Kingdom.
Aurangzeb seized control of the Mughal Empire in 1658 by defeating his brother Dara Shikoh and imprisoning their father Shah Jehan. As emperor, Aurangzeb faced numerous rebellions that drained the treasury and extended the empire's borders through many costly military campaigns. After Aurangzeb's death in 1707, the empire quickly fell into civil war and weakened as his successors struggled to maintain control against invading forces like the Persians, Marathas, and Afghans. By the early 1800s, the British had displaced the Mughals as the dominant power in India.
LIFE OF MAHARANA PRATAP-THE GREAT WARRIORShruti Bansal
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HELLO EVERYONE! TODAY I HAVE COME UP WITH A INTRESTING PPT ON MAHARANA PRATAP.HE WAS A GREAT LEADER WHO FOUGHT AGAINST THE MUGHAL RULER AKBAR.VERY NICELY IT IS DESCRIBED ABOUT THE BATTLE OF HALDIGHATI.
The document discusses the rise of British control in India through the East India Company. It summarizes that the East India Company originally formed to trade but later expanded into administration and politics. Key events leading to British rule included the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the doctrine of lapse. By the mid-1800s, the East India Company controlled most of India's territory and population, establishing the foundations of British colonial rule.
The document provides details about the Mughal Empire from various literary and architectural sources. It describes Abul Fazl's literary work Ain-i-Akbari which discusses the administration and household of Emperor Akbar across 5 books. It also summarizes important Mughal architectural monuments like Humayun's Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, Agra Fort, Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid and Red Fort. Furthermore, it outlines the six major Mughal emperors from Babur to Aurangzeb and highlights some of their key military conquests, administrative reforms and policies.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
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The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
ย
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
3. NORTH EAST EMPIRES - 17TH CENTURY
Mughal Empire
Ahom Kingdom
Jaintia Kingdom
Kachari Kingdom
Manipur Kingdom
Koch Kingdom
4. BACKGROUND OF AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICTS
Koch Kingdom 1587 โ King
Nara Narayana
East Koch Kingdom โ King
Lakshimi Narayana
West Koch Kingdom โ
Parikshit Narayana
Rivalry betn East & West
Koch Kingdom
Alliance : East Kochโ Mughals
Indep West Koch Kingdom
Mughal Empire
Ahom Kingdom
E Koch
W Koch
5. Cooch Behar
EXTENT OF EAST AND WEST KOCH KINGDOM
East Koch Kingdom
West Koch Kingdom
Brahmaputra R
Sankosh R Bharali R
6. Cooch Behar
MUGHAL ATTK ON WEST KOCH KINGDOM : 1602
East Koch Kingdom
West Koch Kingdom
Brahmaputra R
Sankosh R Bharali R
Dhubri
Mughals adv towards Dhubri
under Ali Kuli Khan
Mughal ally Lakshimi
Narayana adv towards Dhubri
Dhubri captured and Mughals
occu West Koch Kingdom
Parikshit Narayana
imprisoned
7. FIRST AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT - 1615
Dhubri
Barzapur
Manas R
Pratap Singha of Ahom Dynasty and
Bali Narayana formed alliance
Bali Narayana brother of Parikshit
took refuge with the Ahoms
Mughal adv from East Koch
Kingdom towards Ahom Kingdom
1st Ahom Mughal conflict begunHajo
Mughal force mov from Barzapur to
Hajo under Sayyid Baqr, Jamal Khan
& Raja Satrajit of Bhusna
Mughal HQ est at Hajo
8. FIRST AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT - 1615
Hajo
Kaliabor
Sala Fort
Nagaon
Brahmaputra R
Kajali
Kajali under Ahom dynasty occu
Mughals adv towards Kaliabor
& Sala fort occu
Ahoms strengthened def at
Samdhara Fort
Mughals adv to Samdhara Fort
Tezpur
Hajo
Kajali
Kaliabor
9. 1ST AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT - 1615
Brahmaputra R
Bharali R
Samdhara
Kaliabor
Tezpur
Hajo
Kajali
Kaliabor
Tezpur Samdhara
Mughal adv towards Samdhara
across the Bharali R
Ahoms repulsed the Mughals on
the banks of Bharali R
Sala Fort
Mughals retreated and est
fortifications on the other side
of Bharali R
Mughals another attempt to
cross Bharali R successful
10. Brahmaputra R
Bharali R
Samdhara
Kaliabor
Tezpur
Sala Fort
LOST TERRITORIES REGAINED BY AHOMS : 1616
Addl Ahom forces sent to
Samdhara
Ahoms launched CA under Bella
Bargohain
Mughals under Aba Baqr taken
by surprise and dislodged
Mughals retreated to other side
of Bharali R
Three pronged attk launched
across Bharali R
Ahom hold est on both banks of
Bharali R
11. FIRST AHOM MUGHAL CONFLICT : GAINS AND LOSSES
Mughal cdr Aba Baqr killed by Bella
Bargohain
Raja Satrajit escaped
1700 killed , 3400 wounded & 900 captured
Large caches -elephants , horses , war
boats, swords and munitions captured
New fort constr at Samdhara
Ahoms territorial expanse upto Barnadi R
12. EXPANSE OF TERRITORIES AFTER FIRST CONFLICT
Sankosh R
Kaliabor
Tezpur
Brahmaputra R
Nowmati
Barnadi R Bharali R
Hajo
Pandu
Kamrup
Ahom Kingdom
Mughal Empire
13. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1636
Kaliabor
Tezpur
Brahmaputra R
Nowmati
Barnadi R Bharali R
Hajo
Bali Narayana attk Mughal outpost
at Nowmati across Barnadi R
Kenglai Chetia occu Hajo
Abdus Sala Governor of Kamrup
urged for rft from Bengal Viceroy
Islam Khan
Rft from Ghoraghat (present day
Bangladesh) delayed
Ahoms adv towards Saraighat and
Pandu
Pandu
Saraighat
Mughals suffered hvy cas
14. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1636
Hajo
Pandu
Brahmaputra R
Saraighat
Ahoms captured Saraighat & Pandu
Raja Satrajit at Pandu surrendered
Mughal rft from Ghoraghat arr at
Pandu
Ahoms dislodged from Pandu and
retreated to Saraighat
Mughas under Zeinul Abidin
recaptured Saraighat and Hajo
15. Hajo
Pandu
Brahmaputra R
Saraighat
AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1636
Mughals plonged at Saraighat and
Hajo under Zienul Abidin
Raja Satrajit remained at Pandu but
now became a spy of Ahoms
Huge rft sent by Pratap Singha at
Pandu both via land and water
Raja Satrajit revealed Mughal
dispositions to Ahoms
Ahom def strengthened at Pandu
Guwahati
16. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1636
Ahom navy launched ni attk at
Saraighat
Guwahati
Goalpara
Chunari
Pandu
Brahmaputra R
Mughals retreated to Sualkuchi
Pratap Singha wanted to free
Kamrup from Mughals
Mughals faced hvy defeat at
Sualkuchi and Hajo
Kamrup
Hajo
Saraighat
Sualkuchi
Ahoms captured areas upto
Goalpara and Chunari along the S
bank of Brahmaputra R
The Ahoms est sovereignty on
either banks of Brahmaputra R and
in most parts of Kamrup
17. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT-1637
Karaibari
Hatisala
Solmari
Goalpara
Dhubri
Jagighopa
In late dec rfts came for
Mughals under Mir Zeinuddin
and Allah Yar Khan
Mughals attk Karaibari and
HQ Hatisila ruled by Chandra
Narayana
Mughals then occu all Ahom
fortifications upto Goalpara
Mughals crossed the
Brahmaputra R and reached
Dhubri
Ahoms def at Jagighopa
strengthened to check Mughal
adv
Mughals occu Jagighopa
Guwahati
Brahmaputra R
20. AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT : 1637-38
In Nov Mughal land forces under
Md Zaman adv towards Hajo and
captured it
GuwahatiBrahmaputra R
Barpeta
Hajo
Saraighat
Pandu
Kajali
In Dec Mughal land forces and
naval fleet under Masum Khan
simultaneously attk Saraighat
Ahom forces retreated to Pandu
In Jan 1638 Mughals overran
Pandu and captured Kajali fort
Ahom survivors withdrew to
Kaliabor under Momai Tamuli
Mughalโs Aim โ To capture Ahom
capital Garhgaon overrunning
Sala and Samdhara
21. EXPANSE OF TERRITORIES : 1638
Sankosh R
Kaliabor
Tezpur
Brahmaputra R
Nowmati
Barnadi R Bharali R
Hajo
Pandu
Kamrup
Ahom Kingdom
Mughal Empire
22. Brahmaputra R
Bharali R
Samdhara
Kaliabor
Tezpur
Duiminisila
AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT - 1638
In Oct 1638 Mughals with Pran
Narayana of East Koch kingdom adv
to attk Samdhara
The Mughal forces encamped at
Duimunisila
Meanwhile Momai Tamuli reorg his
exhausted forces at Samdhara
Mughals cautious of the previous
defeat at Samdhara delayed the attk
by a month and a half
Momai Tamuli took the Mughals by
surprise and attk them with full str
23. FINAL AHOM-MUGHAL CONFLICT - 1638
Brahmaputra R
Duiminisila
Kaliabor
Kajali
Guwahati
Barnadi R
Tezpur
Bharali R
In Nov 1638 after three days naval battle in Duimunisila with Ahoms,
Mughal under Md Zaman and Mir Zeinuddin retreated to Kajali
Ahoms overran Mughals at Kajali and reached Guwahati in pursuit of
the Mughals
Peace Treaty of Asurar Ali signed betn the Allah Yar Khan Governor
of Kamrup and Momai Tamuli
25. COLD WAR PD : 1639- 58
Violation of pers freedom of subjects
Mughal capital shifted from Hajo to Guwahati
Pratap Singha died in 1641, Jayadhwaj Singha โ
new king
Resumption of trade
Diplomatic correspondence betn Momai Tamuli
and Allah Yar Khan showing gestures of peace
Mughals Khedah ops in Darrang
Extradition of political offenders
Evidently the
Treaty of
Asurar Ali was
honoured
more in its
breach than
obs
26. Mughal Empire
Ahom Kingdom
W Koch
Mughals overthrown from Kamrup
RENEWAL OF CONFLICT
Entire territory betn the Barnadi R
& Sankosh R under Ahom rule
Kamrup
Kamrup โ Bone of contention
betn Ahoms and Mughals
Shah Jahanโs illness and Shujaโs
absence from Bengal
Ahoms under Tangchu and the
West Koch Kingdom under Jaya
Narayana attk Mughal Kamrup
Aurangzeb appt Mir Jumla as the
new Governor of Bengal
27. INVASION OF MIR JUMLA
Mir tasked to conquer Assam and Arakan
Mir detected some signs of crack in the Ahom
allies
New king of Kamrup Jaya narayana - deserted
the Ahoms
Jaya Narayana apprised sit of Kamrup and
Assam to Mir
Mir deputed Rashid Khan against Ahoms
28. INVASION OF MIR JUMLA : 1662
In Jan 1662 Mir occu Jagighopa and adv
on three fronts
N bank โ Mir Jumla, S Bank โ Sayyid
Khan
SaraighatJagighopa
KajaliHajo
Pandu
Sualkuchi
Beltala
Darrang
Samdhara
Simalugarh
Garhgaon
Goalpara
Dhubri
Guwahati
N Bank โ Hajo, Sualkuchi, Saraighat &
Darrang captured
S bank โGuwahati, Pandu, Beltala &
Kajali
Mughals adv further east towards Ahom capital Garhgaon
29. TRIUMPHAL MARCH OF MIR JUMLA TO GARHGAON
Saraighat
Hajo
Beltala
Darrang
Garhgaon
Ahom King Jayadhwaj conc def at twin
strongholds
Mughals encircled Simalugarh &
captured
Jagighopa
Kajali
Pandu
Sualkuchi
Samdhara
Simalugarh
Goalpara
Dhubri
Guwahati
Withdrawal of Ahom forces at Samdhara
In Mar 1662 Garhgaon was captured
Treaty of Ghilajharighat signed on 23 Jan
1663
Kaliabor
Namrup
30. TREATY OF GHILAJHARIGHAT : 1663
Signed by Mir Jumla & Jayadhwaj
Dowry of 20,000 tolas gold, 1,20,000 tolas silver and 20 dressed elephants
An yearly war indemenity of 30,000 tolas silver and 90 elephants
Pay annual tribute of 20 elephants at Guwahati
Return areas from Manas R to Guwahati
Cede areas of Kamrup to Mughals
Send four hostages, one each from the royal family of Ahoms
Release captives of Mughal Kamrup
31. EXPANSE OF TERRITORY : TREATY OF GHILAJHARIGHAT
Signed by Mir Jumla & Jayadhwaj
Mughal emperor paid dowry of 20,000 tolas gold,
1,20,000 tolas silver and 20 dressed elephants
Ahoms paid yearly war indemenity of 30,000 tolas
silver and 90 elephants
Pay annual tribute of 20 elephants at Guwahati
Return areas from Manas R to Guwahati
Cede areas of Kamrup to Mughals
Send four hostages, one each from the royal family
of Ahoms
Release captives of Mughal Kamrup
Bharali R
Sankosh R
Manas R
34. AHOM KINGDOM โ 1663 : POL & MIL CHANGES
King Jayadhwaj died and Chakradhwaj
took over
SaraighatJagighopa
KajaliHajo
Pandu
Sualkuchi
Beltala
Darrang
Samdhara
Simalugarh
Garhgaon
Goalpara
Dhubri
Guwahati
Jaintia Kingdom
Kachari Kingdom
Diplomatic talks with Jaintia & Kachari
kingdoms
Lachit Deka Borphukan appt as the chief
of Ahom Forces
Mughal Empire
Ahom Kingdom
Atan Borhogohain appt as Prime
Minister
35. LACHIT BORPHUKAN
Born on 24 Nov 1622 to Momai Tamuli Borbarua
Educated in humanities, mil tactics & holy
scriptures
Held various other imp appts before appt as Ahom
Army Gen
Strengthened the Ahom Army
Clever diplomat and great mil ldr with unusual grit,
will power, stamina and depth of judgement
โIf you (the soldiers) want to flee,
flee. The king has given me a task
here and I will do it well. Let the
Mughals take me away. You rep to
the king that his Gen fought well
fwg his orders.โ
Ardent patriot as Chatrapati Shivaji
36. LACHIT BORPHUKAN
Born on 24 nov 1622 to Momai Tamuli Borbarua
Educated in humanities, mil tactics & holy
scriptures
Held various other imp appts before appt as Ahom
Army Gen
Strengthened the Ahom Army
Clever diplomat and great mil ldr with unusual grit,
will power, stamina and depth of judgement
โIf you (the soldiers) want to flee,
flee. The king has given me a task
here and I will do it well. Let the
Mughals take me away. You rep to
the king that his Gen fought well
fwg his orders.โ
Ardent patriot
38. MUGHAL DEF - 1667
Umananda
Barnadi R
Rangamahal
Saraighat
Hajo
Itakhuli
Pandu
Latasil
Kajali
Guwahati
Sualkuchi
Shah Buruz
Brahmaputra R
Darrang
Ahom forces under Lachit adv towards Guwahati
39. LACHIT RECAPTURES GUWAHATI : 1667
Lachit made Kaliabor his base camp &
adv with two div
Umananda
Rangamahal
Saraighat
Itakhuli
Pandu
Latasil
Kajali
Sualkuchi
Shah Buruz
Darrang
Kaliabor
Hajo
Brahmaputra R
N div โ Atan Borhagohain
S div โ Nausilia Phukan Barnadi R
N div pushed Mughals across Barnadi R
S div dislodged Mughals upto Itakhuli
Umananda
Rangamahal
Pandu
Latasil
Kajali
Shah Buruz
Darrang
42. THE FINAL ATTK
Agiathuti
Kajali
Andharubali
Koolhati
Akul Ali
Sualkuchi Itakhuli
Pandu
Latasil
Shah Buruz
Hajo
Saraighat
Rangamahal
Mughals beseiged Agiathuti, Saraighat
and Rangmahal on the N bank
Naval forces adv towards Saraighat and
est forts just short of Ahom cannon fire
Mughals encircled by Ahoms, retreated
to Hajo
Ram Singh adv on the S bank and
invested Pandu
Monsoons began and the Mughals
retreated to Sualkuchi
Rft for Ahoms arr at Sarighat from
Samdhara