Aspects of Data
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The document discusses data, information, and systems. It defines data as recorded facts, numbers, or events that have no meaning on their own. Data becomes information after it is processed and given context and meaning. The document also lists different types of data like text, numeric, images, and audio/video. It provides an example of how decimal numbers are encoded in binary. Finally, it introduces the IDEA framework for analyzing systems.
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120
Female
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Female
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117
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Male
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125
Male
28
115
Female
9
115
Male
5
110
Female
3
110
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4. Discuss each of the three main assumptions for parametric statistics. Be sure your discussion includes the variables that will be tested for the assumptions, the independent or dependent variable.
a. Normality
b. Homogeneity of variance (please provide an example of an analysis where this assumption is important)
c. Independence
II.Please open the file used in assignment 1 (Confidence scores and years of experience), or type the data provided in the table above in SPSS. Once the dataset is open or the data is typed, proceed to answer questions 4 and 5.
5. Conduct the appropriate test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk’s) for normality, and provide the results, and a brief discussion of the results below (test used, test results, p-value, etc.). Be sure to discuss if the assumption of normality was met or violated.
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2. Discuss the following statement: “The sample must be representative of the population.” In your discussion, please include the concepts of generalizability and sampling procedures.
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4. Discuss each of the three main assumptions for parametric statistics. Be sure your discussion includes the variables that will be tested for the assumptions, the independent or dependent variable.
a. Normality
b. Homogeneity of variance (please provide an example of an analysis where this assumption is important)
c. Independence
II.Please open the file used in assignment 1 (Confidence scores and years of experience), or type the data provided in the table above in SPSS. Once the dataset is open or the data is typed, proceed to answer questions 4 and 5.
5. Conduct the appropriate test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk’s) for normality, and provide the results, and a brief discussion of the results below (test used, test results, p-value, etc.). Be sure to discuss if the assumption of normality was met or violated.
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110
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I. Please answer the following questions using the readings assigned for this week.
1. What is hypothesis testing?
2. Discuss the following statement: “The sample must be representative of the population.” In your discussion, please include the concepts of generalizability and sampling procedures.
3. In hypothesis testing, there are some errors that could be committed if the wrong decision is made regarding the null hypothesis. These errors are Type I and Type II errors. Please describe each one of them, and provide an example when you are committing a Type I and Type II error.
4. Discuss each of the three main assumptions for parametric statistics. Be sure your discussion includes the variables that will be tested for the assumptions, the independent or dependent variable.
a. Normality
b. Homogeneity of variance (please provide an example of an analysis where this assumption is important)
c. Independence
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5. Conduct the appropriate test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-Wilk’s) for normality, and provide the results, and a brief discussion of the results below (test used, test results, p-value, etc.). Be sure to discuss if the assumption of normality was met or violated.
6. Conduct the test homogeneity of variance, and provide the results, and a brief discussion of the results below (test used, test results, p-value, etc.). Be sure to discuss if the assumption of normality was met or violated.
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Preface xxv
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EDR-8202 Statistics IIWeek 2 Assignment Worksheet C.docx
EDR-8202: Statistics II
Week 2 Assignment Worksheet: Conduct Hypothesis Testing
You will now have the opportunity to become re-acquainted with hypothesis testing concepts, and the use of SPSS to review some of the basic statistical concepts learned and to enhance APA format when presenting statistical results.
The following small data set is from a study conducted within a single middle school. Fundamentally, this study is a comparison of the differences between male and female teachers in personal Confidence Scores and was conducted to determine if a relationship exists between the number of Years of Experience and Confidence Scores. The researcher wants to examine if years of experience could be used as a predictor of confidence scores and if gender could also impact confidence scores.
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Male
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110
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117
Female
12
118
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I. Please answer the following questions using the readings assigned for this week.
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2. Discuss the following statement: “The sample must be representative of the population.” In your discussion, please include the concepts of generalizability and sampling procedures.
3. In hypothesis testing, there are some errors that could be committed if the wrong decision is made regarding the null hypothesis. These errors are Type I and Type II errors. Please describe each one of them, and provide an example when you are committing a Type I and Type II error.
4. Discuss each of the three main assumptions for parametric statistics. Be sure your discussion includes the variables that will be tested for the assumptions, the independent or dependent variable.
a. Normality
b. Homogeneity of variance (please provide an example of an analysis where this assumption is important)
c. Independence
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About the Authors xxxiv
PART I Introduction to Analytics and AI 1
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Aspects of Data
- 1. Mr Caine
- 2. System – Input, Process, Output Data Information Input Process Output
- 3. Lesson Objectives To know what is expected from you during the AS ICT course. To understand what topics are covered in AS ICT, how you will be assessed and when you will be assessed. To be able to define ICT, a system and an ICT System.
- 4. What is Data? In pairs discuss what you think Data is? Data can be defined as a set of recorded facts, numbers or events that have no meaning. Data is meaningless until it is given relevance. All data on a computer is represented by 0’s and 1’s.
- 5. Types of Data What are the different types of data? Text Numeric Boolean/Logical Images Audio Video
- 6. Encoding Data Decimal Binary Symbol Description 48 00110000 0 Zero 49 00110001 1 One 50 00110010 2 Two 51 00110011 3 Three 52 00110100 4 Four 53 00110101 5 Five 54 00110110 6 Six 55 00110111 7 Seven 56 00111000 8 Eight 57 00111001 9 Nine
- 7. IDEA Identify Describe Evaluate Analyse