1. Acute severe asthma (ASA) is a challenging condition to treat that can progress rapidly to respiratory failure without timely intervention. It requires early recognition and intensive management to prevent significant mortality and morbidity.
2. Recent research has provided insights into risk factors, pathophysiology, and management of ASA. Genetic polymorphisms, environmental exposures, and corticosteroid insensitivity may contribute to its development and severity. Airway remodeling involving inflammation, chemokines, and basement membrane changes is characteristic of severe asthma.
3. Prompt treatment of ASA is important and involves addressing precipitants, intensive bronchodilation, systemic corticosteroids, and potentially ventilatory support. Timely and appropriate treatment
This document discusses the management of anaphylaxis in emergency settings. It begins by defining anaphylaxis as a potentially lethal allergic emergency where death usually occurs rapidly after exposure to a trigger. It notes that the management of anaphylaxis is often hindered by scientific and clinical uncertainty regarding definitions, incidence rates, and optimal emergency treatment approaches. The document then reviews epidemiology, triggers, pathophysiology, recognition criteria compared between international guidelines, differential diagnoses, and emergency management following an ABCDE approach with epinephrine as the first line treatment.
This document summarizes research on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). It discusses how EIB is characterized by a reduction in lung function following exercise. While the exact mechanism is unclear, two leading hypotheses are that EIB results from cooling of the airways or loss of water from the airways during high ventilation from exercise. Inflammation likely plays a role, as EIB has been linked to mast cell degranulation and eosinophil levels. The document reviews the epidemiology of EIB and potential mediators involved like histamine and prostaglandins.
The document discusses the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases like asthma and COPD. It summarizes that corticosteroids play a key role in managing asthma as an inflammatory disease, both for acute exacerbations and long-term control. For acute asthma exacerbations, early use of systemic corticosteroids can reduce relapse rates, beta-agonist use, and hospitalization. The choice of corticosteroid depends on its pharmacokinetic properties like potency, affinity for lung receptors, and side effect profile.
Treatment of hypertension in patients with asthma : NEJMDiptiman Behera
This document discusses the relationship between asthma and hypertension. It covers the pathology of both conditions and potential mechanistic links between them. Studies have shown some patients with asthma and hypertension have a type 2 low-inflammation phenotype. Treatment of hypertension in asthmatic patients must consider medication effects on both conditions and lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and weight loss. Integrated treatment targeting systemic inflammation may help patients with both severe asthma and hypertension.
This document contains 10 references related to Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). SJS is a severe skin reaction that is often caused by certain medications. Some key points discussed across the references include: carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are antiepileptic drugs that have been associated with SJS; genetic factors may play a role in individual susceptibility to developing idiosyncratic drug reactions like SJS; and direct interaction between certain medications and HLA proteins in the skin can activate immune cells and cause SJS.
This document discusses the shift from generalized to personalized treatment approaches for asthma. It begins with an overview of asthma pathophysiology and generalized treatment targets like mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, and glucocorticoids. Limitations to generalized approaches include side effects and treatment variability. Developments in understanding the TH2 inflammatory pathway enabled the first personalized treatments like omalizumab targeting IgE. Further developments targeting cytokines like IL-13 and IL-5 showed the greatest benefit in type 2 high phenotypes identified by biomarkers. The conclusion is that generalized asthma treatment is moving towards more personalized approaches using biomarkers and monoclonal antibodies targeting specific inflammatory pathways.
Immunotherapy for asthma, practical use based on updated meta analysisAriyanto Harsono
This document summarizes a meta-analysis on the effects of allergen-specific immunotherapy for asthma. The analysis reviewed 51 randomized controlled trials involving over 2800 participants. It found immunotherapy significantly reduced asthma symptoms, based on symptom scores, with a standardized mean difference of -0.73. It also reduced medication requirements based on medication scores, with a standardized mean difference of -0.57. Additionally, immunotherapy significantly improved allergen-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The analysis confirms the efficacy of immunotherapy in improving these clinically important outcomes for asthma patients.
This document discusses the management of anaphylaxis in emergency settings. It begins by defining anaphylaxis as a potentially lethal allergic emergency where death usually occurs rapidly after exposure to a trigger. It notes that the management of anaphylaxis is often hindered by scientific and clinical uncertainty regarding definitions, incidence rates, and optimal emergency treatment approaches. The document then reviews epidemiology, triggers, pathophysiology, recognition criteria compared between international guidelines, differential diagnoses, and emergency management following an ABCDE approach with epinephrine as the first line treatment.
This document summarizes research on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). It discusses how EIB is characterized by a reduction in lung function following exercise. While the exact mechanism is unclear, two leading hypotheses are that EIB results from cooling of the airways or loss of water from the airways during high ventilation from exercise. Inflammation likely plays a role, as EIB has been linked to mast cell degranulation and eosinophil levels. The document reviews the epidemiology of EIB and potential mediators involved like histamine and prostaglandins.
The document discusses the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases like asthma and COPD. It summarizes that corticosteroids play a key role in managing asthma as an inflammatory disease, both for acute exacerbations and long-term control. For acute asthma exacerbations, early use of systemic corticosteroids can reduce relapse rates, beta-agonist use, and hospitalization. The choice of corticosteroid depends on its pharmacokinetic properties like potency, affinity for lung receptors, and side effect profile.
Treatment of hypertension in patients with asthma : NEJMDiptiman Behera
This document discusses the relationship between asthma and hypertension. It covers the pathology of both conditions and potential mechanistic links between them. Studies have shown some patients with asthma and hypertension have a type 2 low-inflammation phenotype. Treatment of hypertension in asthmatic patients must consider medication effects on both conditions and lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and weight loss. Integrated treatment targeting systemic inflammation may help patients with both severe asthma and hypertension.
This document contains 10 references related to Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). SJS is a severe skin reaction that is often caused by certain medications. Some key points discussed across the references include: carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are antiepileptic drugs that have been associated with SJS; genetic factors may play a role in individual susceptibility to developing idiosyncratic drug reactions like SJS; and direct interaction between certain medications and HLA proteins in the skin can activate immune cells and cause SJS.
This document discusses the shift from generalized to personalized treatment approaches for asthma. It begins with an overview of asthma pathophysiology and generalized treatment targets like mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, and glucocorticoids. Limitations to generalized approaches include side effects and treatment variability. Developments in understanding the TH2 inflammatory pathway enabled the first personalized treatments like omalizumab targeting IgE. Further developments targeting cytokines like IL-13 and IL-5 showed the greatest benefit in type 2 high phenotypes identified by biomarkers. The conclusion is that generalized asthma treatment is moving towards more personalized approaches using biomarkers and monoclonal antibodies targeting specific inflammatory pathways.
Immunotherapy for asthma, practical use based on updated meta analysisAriyanto Harsono
This document summarizes a meta-analysis on the effects of allergen-specific immunotherapy for asthma. The analysis reviewed 51 randomized controlled trials involving over 2800 participants. It found immunotherapy significantly reduced asthma symptoms, based on symptom scores, with a standardized mean difference of -0.73. It also reduced medication requirements based on medication scores, with a standardized mean difference of -0.57. Additionally, immunotherapy significantly improved allergen-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The analysis confirms the efficacy of immunotherapy in improving these clinically important outcomes for asthma patients.
1) Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common condition that affects millions of people in the US. It imposes a significant economic burden due to direct and indirect medical costs.
2) The diagnosis of AR can often be made based on a patient's symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and watery eyes. It is important to differentiate between seasonal and perennial AR.
3) Other conditions like sinusitis and non-allergic rhinitis should also be considered in patients with nasal symptoms. Examination may reveal signs of conditions like asthma that commonly accompany AR.
NSAIDs-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is characterized by chronic rhinosinusitis and/or asthma that is exacerbated by NSAID ingestion within 30-180 minutes. Symptoms include bronchial obstruction and nasal, ocular or cutaneous manifestations. Diagnosis is made through oral aspirin provocation testing, which is more sensitive than inhalation testing.
NSAIDs-exacerbated cutaneous disease (NECD) involves chronic spontaneous urticaria exacerbated by NSAIDs 0.5-6 hours after ingestion. Diagnosis is based on history of NSAID-induced urticarial symptoms in patients with chronic urticaria.
NSAIDs-
This document discusses several concepts related to disease causation and pathogenesis. It introduces theories of disease causation including the germ theory, biomedical model, and theories of multifactorial causation. It describes the epidemiological triad of agent, host, and environment. It also discusses the natural history of disease, including prepathogenesis and pathogenesis phases, and the iceberg phenomenon where most disease is hidden and subclinical.
World Allergy Week 2015: AIRWAY ALLERGIES The human and economic burdenJuan Carlos Ivancevich
Welcome! Join us during World Allergy Week 2015 and increase awareness of Airway Allergies - A Human and Economic Burden. There are many ways you can participate, and we hope you will explore this website, returning often, as it will continue to change.
The World Allergy Organization (WAO) is addressing the need for greater awareness and understanding of allergy topics as well as the exchange of ideas and collaboration in order to address treatment and quality-of-life issues related to the care of patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma.
World Allergy Week 2014 Anaphylaxis - When Allergies Can Be Severe and FatalWorldAllergy
World Allergy Week 2014 focuses on anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that is life-threatening and requires immediate treatment. Symptoms include throat swelling, rash, and low blood pressure. Common triggers include foods, medications, and insect bites/stings. Anaphylaxis is increasing globally and can be fatal if not treated properly with epinephrine. The World Allergy Organization provides resources and guidelines to educate about anaphylaxis prevention, treatment, and management.
1. Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune response to strep throat infection that can lead to long-term heart damage known as rheumatic heart disease (RHD).
2. While penicillin remains the primary treatment, ARF and RHD continue to be a major problem in low-income countries.
3. Recent research has provided a better understanding of the true global burden of RHD and identified priorities like vaccine development, early detection of RHD, and improving quality of life for those affected.
This document discusses the therapeutic index of antihistamines, which is defined as the benefit-to-risk ratio or efficacy-to-safety ratio that determines the range of doses where a drug is effective and safe. While second-generation antihistamines have similar efficacy for allergic rhinitis and urticaria, they differ in their safety profiles and therapeutic indices. Fexofenadine has one of the broadest therapeutic indices, having been shown to be effective at doses as low as 20 mg twice daily and not causing sedation or cardiac toxicity at doses as high as 690 mg twice daily. A broad therapeutic index is important considering potential drug interactions and situations where patients increase their dose in search of
Understanding diseases and its major treatmentManny Daleon
This document discusses diseases and their major treatments. It begins by defining disease as an abnormal condition that impairs bodily functions and can be caused by external or internal factors. It then discusses different types of diseases including infectious diseases caused by microbes, non-infectious diseases like cancer, and genetic diseases. Key terms are defined such as infection, illness, disorder, and medical condition. The stages of diseases are covered including incubation period and remission. Common infectious diseases for massage therapists are listed as well as the significance of classifying a condition as a disease.
This document discusses various theories of disease causation and pathogenesis. It describes old theories from Ayurveda and Chinese medicine that attributed disease to imbalances in bodily principles. It also covers the germ theory proposed by Pasteur and Koch, and the biomedical model. More recent theories recognize multifactorial causation involving genetic, social, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The pathogenesis of disease is explained as the progression from pre-pathogenesis through clinical symptoms to recovery or death. An iceberg model is used to represent the majority of hidden or subclinical cases that maintain disease prevalence.
Is there a role for Homeobotanicals in Conventional Medicine?Kimmer Collison-Ris
This document discusses Dynamic Phytotherapy (DP), an alternative treatment approach that combines herbalism and homeopathy. It summarizes a clinical evaluation of DP that found it significantly reduced the duration of cold and flu symptoms compared to a non-treatment control group. The evaluation also found DP applications effectively treated other conditions like pain and neurological symptoms. The document concludes DP remedies show promise as a complementary treatment that could be incorporated into conventional and integrative medicine to strengthen treatments for various resistant medical conditions.
- Administered questionnaires
- Performed skin prick tests to common aeroallergens
- Collected blood samples for total IgE & specific IgE
FENO measurement:
- Using NIOX MINO ( Aerocrine AB, Solna, Sweden)
- According to ATS/ERS guidelines
JACI. 2011; 127 ( 5) : 1165-72.e5.
Allergic sensitization:
- Positive SPT ( wheal diameter ≥ 3 mm) to at least one allergen
- Or specific IgE ≥ 0.35 kU/L to at least one allergen
Asthma:
Psycho social dynamics in causation of diseaseaneez103
This document discusses concepts related to health, disease, and their determinants from various perspectives. It defines health positively as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease. Health is influenced by biological, behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Disease results from the interaction between an external agent, the host, and the environment. A holistic view recognizes the multidimensional nature of health and its dependence on psychological, social, cultural, economic, and political influences. Maintaining health requires efforts at the individual, community, national, and international levels.
The document discusses several theories of disease causation including the germ theory, epidemiological triad, multifactorial causation theory, and web of causation. It also discusses the germ theory in more detail which states that there is a single specific cause for every disease. Finally, it mentions the spectrum of disease which graphically shows the variation in how diseases can manifest, ranging from subclinical infections to fatal illnesses.
The Presentation explains basic models of disease causation, to understand the etiology or causes of disease & altered production and helps to understand the applicability of causal criteria applied to epidemiological studies.
The document discusses the iceberg phenomenon, which describes a situation where a large percentage of a problem is hidden from view. Only a small "tip of the iceberg" is apparent. It provides examples of diagnosed, undiagnosed, and wrongly diagnosed diseases as well as risk factors. Several factors can determine the size of a disease iceberg, including agent, host, and environmental factors. The iceberg concept can be useful for detecting subclinical cases, controlling disease, and understanding the natural history of disease. It also discusses how the iceberg concept can be applied to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies.
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities - A Proposed Care Model v2zq
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities - A Proposed Care Model - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
This document provides guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) on the management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. It advocates for a patient-centered approach that considers individual patient factors and preferences. The guidelines acknowledge the heterogeneous nature of type 2 diabetes and recommend treatment be tailored based on a patient's needs, values, and specific disease factors. The guidelines emphasize engaging patients in shared decision-making and pursuing glycemic control through a multifactorial approach that addresses cardiovascular risk factors in addition to blood glucose levels.
Asma bronkial adalah penyakit jalan nafas obstruktif intermitten yang ditandai dengan kontraksi spastik otot polos bronkhiolus yang menyebabkan sukar bernafas dan dipicu oleh berbagai faktor seperti genetik, alergi, dan lingkungan. Gejalanya berupa sesak nafas, batuk, dan wheezing, sementara diagnosis didukung hasil tes FEV1 dan uji provokasi bronkus. Pengobatannya meliputi penghindaran pemicu, bronkodil
1) Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common condition that affects millions of people in the US. It imposes a significant economic burden due to direct and indirect medical costs.
2) The diagnosis of AR can often be made based on a patient's symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and watery eyes. It is important to differentiate between seasonal and perennial AR.
3) Other conditions like sinusitis and non-allergic rhinitis should also be considered in patients with nasal symptoms. Examination may reveal signs of conditions like asthma that commonly accompany AR.
NSAIDs-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is characterized by chronic rhinosinusitis and/or asthma that is exacerbated by NSAID ingestion within 30-180 minutes. Symptoms include bronchial obstruction and nasal, ocular or cutaneous manifestations. Diagnosis is made through oral aspirin provocation testing, which is more sensitive than inhalation testing.
NSAIDs-exacerbated cutaneous disease (NECD) involves chronic spontaneous urticaria exacerbated by NSAIDs 0.5-6 hours after ingestion. Diagnosis is based on history of NSAID-induced urticarial symptoms in patients with chronic urticaria.
NSAIDs-
This document discusses several concepts related to disease causation and pathogenesis. It introduces theories of disease causation including the germ theory, biomedical model, and theories of multifactorial causation. It describes the epidemiological triad of agent, host, and environment. It also discusses the natural history of disease, including prepathogenesis and pathogenesis phases, and the iceberg phenomenon where most disease is hidden and subclinical.
World Allergy Week 2015: AIRWAY ALLERGIES The human and economic burdenJuan Carlos Ivancevich
Welcome! Join us during World Allergy Week 2015 and increase awareness of Airway Allergies - A Human and Economic Burden. There are many ways you can participate, and we hope you will explore this website, returning often, as it will continue to change.
The World Allergy Organization (WAO) is addressing the need for greater awareness and understanding of allergy topics as well as the exchange of ideas and collaboration in order to address treatment and quality-of-life issues related to the care of patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma.
World Allergy Week 2014 Anaphylaxis - When Allergies Can Be Severe and FatalWorldAllergy
World Allergy Week 2014 focuses on anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that is life-threatening and requires immediate treatment. Symptoms include throat swelling, rash, and low blood pressure. Common triggers include foods, medications, and insect bites/stings. Anaphylaxis is increasing globally and can be fatal if not treated properly with epinephrine. The World Allergy Organization provides resources and guidelines to educate about anaphylaxis prevention, treatment, and management.
1. Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an autoimmune response to strep throat infection that can lead to long-term heart damage known as rheumatic heart disease (RHD).
2. While penicillin remains the primary treatment, ARF and RHD continue to be a major problem in low-income countries.
3. Recent research has provided a better understanding of the true global burden of RHD and identified priorities like vaccine development, early detection of RHD, and improving quality of life for those affected.
This document discusses the therapeutic index of antihistamines, which is defined as the benefit-to-risk ratio or efficacy-to-safety ratio that determines the range of doses where a drug is effective and safe. While second-generation antihistamines have similar efficacy for allergic rhinitis and urticaria, they differ in their safety profiles and therapeutic indices. Fexofenadine has one of the broadest therapeutic indices, having been shown to be effective at doses as low as 20 mg twice daily and not causing sedation or cardiac toxicity at doses as high as 690 mg twice daily. A broad therapeutic index is important considering potential drug interactions and situations where patients increase their dose in search of
Understanding diseases and its major treatmentManny Daleon
This document discusses diseases and their major treatments. It begins by defining disease as an abnormal condition that impairs bodily functions and can be caused by external or internal factors. It then discusses different types of diseases including infectious diseases caused by microbes, non-infectious diseases like cancer, and genetic diseases. Key terms are defined such as infection, illness, disorder, and medical condition. The stages of diseases are covered including incubation period and remission. Common infectious diseases for massage therapists are listed as well as the significance of classifying a condition as a disease.
This document discusses various theories of disease causation and pathogenesis. It describes old theories from Ayurveda and Chinese medicine that attributed disease to imbalances in bodily principles. It also covers the germ theory proposed by Pasteur and Koch, and the biomedical model. More recent theories recognize multifactorial causation involving genetic, social, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The pathogenesis of disease is explained as the progression from pre-pathogenesis through clinical symptoms to recovery or death. An iceberg model is used to represent the majority of hidden or subclinical cases that maintain disease prevalence.
Is there a role for Homeobotanicals in Conventional Medicine?Kimmer Collison-Ris
This document discusses Dynamic Phytotherapy (DP), an alternative treatment approach that combines herbalism and homeopathy. It summarizes a clinical evaluation of DP that found it significantly reduced the duration of cold and flu symptoms compared to a non-treatment control group. The evaluation also found DP applications effectively treated other conditions like pain and neurological symptoms. The document concludes DP remedies show promise as a complementary treatment that could be incorporated into conventional and integrative medicine to strengthen treatments for various resistant medical conditions.
- Administered questionnaires
- Performed skin prick tests to common aeroallergens
- Collected blood samples for total IgE & specific IgE
FENO measurement:
- Using NIOX MINO ( Aerocrine AB, Solna, Sweden)
- According to ATS/ERS guidelines
JACI. 2011; 127 ( 5) : 1165-72.e5.
Allergic sensitization:
- Positive SPT ( wheal diameter ≥ 3 mm) to at least one allergen
- Or specific IgE ≥ 0.35 kU/L to at least one allergen
Asthma:
Psycho social dynamics in causation of diseaseaneez103
This document discusses concepts related to health, disease, and their determinants from various perspectives. It defines health positively as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease. Health is influenced by biological, behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Disease results from the interaction between an external agent, the host, and the environment. A holistic view recognizes the multidimensional nature of health and its dependence on psychological, social, cultural, economic, and political influences. Maintaining health requires efforts at the individual, community, national, and international levels.
The document discusses several theories of disease causation including the germ theory, epidemiological triad, multifactorial causation theory, and web of causation. It also discusses the germ theory in more detail which states that there is a single specific cause for every disease. Finally, it mentions the spectrum of disease which graphically shows the variation in how diseases can manifest, ranging from subclinical infections to fatal illnesses.
The Presentation explains basic models of disease causation, to understand the etiology or causes of disease & altered production and helps to understand the applicability of causal criteria applied to epidemiological studies.
The document discusses the iceberg phenomenon, which describes a situation where a large percentage of a problem is hidden from view. Only a small "tip of the iceberg" is apparent. It provides examples of diagnosed, undiagnosed, and wrongly diagnosed diseases as well as risk factors. Several factors can determine the size of a disease iceberg, including agent, host, and environmental factors. The iceberg concept can be useful for detecting subclinical cases, controlling disease, and understanding the natural history of disease. It also discusses how the iceberg concept can be applied to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies.
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities - A Proposed Care Model v2zq
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities - A Proposed Care Model - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
This document provides guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) on the management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. It advocates for a patient-centered approach that considers individual patient factors and preferences. The guidelines acknowledge the heterogeneous nature of type 2 diabetes and recommend treatment be tailored based on a patient's needs, values, and specific disease factors. The guidelines emphasize engaging patients in shared decision-making and pursuing glycemic control through a multifactorial approach that addresses cardiovascular risk factors in addition to blood glucose levels.
Asma bronkial adalah penyakit jalan nafas obstruktif intermitten yang ditandai dengan kontraksi spastik otot polos bronkhiolus yang menyebabkan sukar bernafas dan dipicu oleh berbagai faktor seperti genetik, alergi, dan lingkungan. Gejalanya berupa sesak nafas, batuk, dan wheezing, sementara diagnosis didukung hasil tes FEV1 dan uji provokasi bronkus. Pengobatannya meliputi penghindaran pemicu, bronkodil
Astma adalah gangguan bronkial yang ditandai dengan periode bronkospasme. Astma dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi ekstrinsik, intrinsik, dan gabungan. Patofisiologinya melibatkan reaksi hipersensitivitas yang menyebabkan kontraksi otot polos bronkial dan produksi lendir. Gejala klinisnya adalah batuk, nafas pendek, dan wheezing. Pengobatannya meliputi bronkodilator, penghindaran faktor pemicu, dan terapi
Makalah ini membahas tentang asma, termasuk definisi, etiologi, epidemiologi, dan penatalaksanaan asma. Secara khusus membahas tentang pengobatan farmakologi untuk asma seperti teofilin, epinefrin, isoproterenol, dan agonis beta-2.
Diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan terkini asma pada anakzakiyzuhdi
Makalah ini membahas diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan terkini asma pada anak. Diagnosis asma didasarkan pada gejala klinis seperti batuk dan sesak nafas yang berulang, nokturnal, musiman, dan riwayat atopi. Pengobatan jangka panjang asma pada anak meliputi pencegahan terhadap faktor pemicu, pemberian obat pengendali seperti kortikosteroid inhalasi, serta penambahan obat bronkodilator jangka panjang seperti LABA
Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways that affects millions of adults and children in the U.S. It is caused by triggers like dust, pollen, pet hair, or tobacco smoke that bring about symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. While asthma cannot be passed between individuals, chronic coughing may impact transmission of other illnesses. The disease affects the bronchial tubes leading to the lungs and symptoms are often worse in the morning or evening in response to cold air. Preventative inhalers can help control symptoms and attacks to manage the disease, which is lifelong once developed, though its effects can be minimized with proper treatment.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan ringkasan tentang faktor risiko, gejala klinis, dan penanganan asma pada bayi. Beberapa faktor risiko yang disebutkan antara lain obesitas dan kemiskinan. Pemeriksaan fisik mencakup inspeksi, palpasi, perkusi, dan auskultasi paru-paru. Penanganannya meliputi pemberian bronkodilator, mukolitik, kortikosteroid, serta edukasi kepada orang tua tentang tanda bah
20 Ideas for your Website Homepage ContentBarry Feldman
Perplexed about what to put on your website home? Every company deals with this tough challenge. The 20 ideas in this presentation should give you a strong starting point.
- Asthma is a common incurable disease that affects the airways, causing them to narrow. It is more common in childhood but can occur at any age.
- In the UK, asthma is primarily managed by general practitioners and nurses in primary, secondary, and tertiary care settings depending on severity. Specialist nurses play an important role in asthma management and education.
- Proper asthma management involving reliever inhalers, treatment plans, and trigger avoidance can help control symptoms and reduce emergency admissions. Leadership and management skills are important for nurses to effectively guide patients.
This document provides an overview of asthma treatment. It discusses controller medications like inhaled corticosteroids that form the backbone of treatment to prevent inflammation. Rescue medications like albuterol are also discussed for acute symptoms. Self-management including using a peak flow meter and asthma action plan is emphasized. Other options for severe asthma include biologics targeting cytokines. Specialist referral is recommended for uncontrolled asthma or life-threatening exacerbations.
This document discusses the optimal management of severe or refractory asthma. It defines refractory asthma based on medication requirements, symptoms, exacerbations, and airflow limitation. The pathology of refractory asthma involves persistent airway inflammation often with neutrophils and structural changes like increased smooth muscle mass. Treatment involves confirming the diagnosis, treating exacerbating factors, and optimizing standard pharmacotherapy with inhaled corticosteroids and additional controllers. For uncontrolled cases, alternative options like macrolide antibiotics, antifungals, omalizumab, and bronchial thermoplasty may be considered.
This document provides guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) for the treatment of aspergillosis. It recommends voriconazole as the primary treatment for invasive aspergillosis based on results from the largest randomized controlled trial showing it is superior to amphotericin B. Liposomal amphotericin B is also recommended as an alternative primary therapy. The guidelines review management of different forms of aspergillosis including invasive, chronic/saprophytic, and allergic forms. It emphasizes diagnosis, treatment and prevention of invasive aspergillosis and restoring impaired host defenses for improved outcomes.
An official-ats-statement-work-exacerbated-asthmaDragoch
This document provides an overview of work-exacerbated asthma (WEA). It defines WEA as pre-existing or concurrent asthma that is worsened by workplace conditions. The key points are:
1) Epidemiological studies show that WEA occurs in about 21.5% of adults with asthma. A wide variety of workplace exposures can exacerbate asthma symptoms.
2) Patients with persistent WEA symptoms resemble those with occupational asthma in terms of severity, medication needs, unemployment, and loss of income.
3) Compared to asthma unrelated to work, WEA is associated with more symptomatic days, greater healthcare utilization, and lower quality of life.
4) The possibility of WEA
This document reviews the emergency presentation and management of acute severe asthma in children. It discusses the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical assessment, and treatment of acute severe asthma attacks in children. The key points are:
1) Acute severe asthma is one of the most common medical emergencies in children and involves inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airways.
2) The cornerstones of treatment are rapid administration of oxygen, inhalations with bronchodilators such as beta-2 agonists, and systemic corticosteroids.
3) Additional treatments may include intravenous bronchodilators, corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, or non-invasive ventilation if medical treatment fails
APA format 2 pages 3 references 2 from walden university library. brockdebroah
APA format 2 pages 3 references 2 from walden university library.
As a registered nurse working as a case manager within the home health care setting, I have had the opportunity to provide care to patients diagnosed with various respiratory disorders. A majority of the patients I have worked with were diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is defined as a common preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases (Huether, 2017). Two important facts regarding this respiratory disorder include the following:
COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States accounting for 138,080 deaths in 2010.
In 2010, the cost of COPD in the United States was estimated to be nearly $50 billion, including nearly $30 billion in direct health care expenditures.
These figures detail the staggering numbers of patients living with COPD and the significant impact on patients, families, communities and the health care system.
During the time that I worked with COPD patients, one of the respiratory disorders of particular interest was emphysema. I wanted to make sure I understood the disease process so I could provide the most appropriate care and teaching to my patients, families and caregivers. Emphysema is abnormal permanent enlargement of gas-exchange airways (acini) accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls without obvious fibrosis (Huether, 2017). Furthermore, the American Lung Association defined emphysema as the gradual damage of lung tissue, specifically thinning and destruction of the alveoli or air sacs (
www.lung.org
). I often used this definition with patients to help them understand how this respiratory disorder effects the body. The pathophysiology of emphysema includes the following:
Air sacs are destroyed in emphysema, making it progressively difficult to breathe.
Emphysema is usually accompanied by chronic bronchitis, with almost-daily or daily cough and phlegm.
Cigarette smoking is the major cause of emphysema.
People with emphysema experience shortness of breath with activities
It is not curable, but there are treatments that can help you manage the disease (www.lung.org).
Medication management of emphysema varies depending upon severity of the disease. Initial drug therapy selection depends on COPD severity, symptoms, and exacerbation risk. In addition, medication therapy may be based upon Global Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines which categorized COPD into four groups (A, B, C, D) ranging from low risk, less symptoms to high risk, high symptoms (Arcangelo, 2017). Medications may include the following:
Short-acting beta2 agonists, short-acting anticholinergics, combination of short-acting anticholinergic and short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists, long-acting beta2-agonists, l ...
This document provides an overview of asthma, including its causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis, classification, management, and new developments in treatment. Key points include: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction and bronchospasm. It is caused by genetic and environmental factors. Management involves identifying and avoiding triggers, and using medications like bronchodilators and corticosteroids. New therapies aim to prevent airway remodeling and target specific inflammatory pathways.
Treatment of Asthma Exacerbations in the Pediatric Emergency Departmentjrhoffmann
This document discusses the treatment of asthma exacerbations in pediatric emergency departments. It begins with definitions of an asthma exacerbation and status asthmaticus. It then covers approaches to determining the severity of an exacerbation. The primary treatments discussed are bronchodilation with inhaled beta agonists and systemic corticosteroids. Delivery methods like nebulizers and metered dose inhalers are compared. Overall, the document provides an overview of assessing and treating pediatric asthma exacerbations in the emergency department.
This document presents a consensus on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of severe uncontrolled asthma. It defines severe asthma as requiring high doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), with or without oral corticosteroids (OCS), to achieve control of symptoms and prevent exacerbations. Control refers to the level of symptom reduction achieved with treatment, while severity is an intrinsic characteristic of the underlying disease. The document proposes diagnostic algorithms and definitions for severe asthma and its various levels of control. It also describes different phenotypes and potential treatments for severe uncontrolled asthma.
The document discusses the pharmacotherapy of asthma. It begins by defining asthma and describing its global epidemiology. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects hundreds of millions worldwide. It then covers the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma, noting it has multiple genetic and environmental factors and involves airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, assessment of severity, and general management approach are outlined. Pharmacological treatment options for asthma include controllers to reduce inflammation, relievers for acute symptoms, and oral corticosteroids for exacerbations. Initial and adjusted long-term control is emphasized.
The document provides an overview of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including definitions, risk factors, pathogenesis, management approaches, and results from major clinical trials. It discusses how lower tidal volume ventilation as tested in the ARDS Network trial was the first intervention shown to improve survival for patients with ALI/ARDS.
1. The document discusses guidelines from the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) for diagnosing and managing asthma.
2. Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. It affects 300 million people worldwide.
3. GINA recommends a stepwise approach to asthma treatment based on symptom control and exacerbation risk. Treatment includes inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists, and leukotriene modifiers. The goal is to control symptoms and reduce future risk.
This document provides an overview of asthma, including its causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis, classification, management, and new drug developments. Key points include: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction; it is caused by genetic and environmental factors. Management involves identifying triggers, medications like corticosteroids and beta-agonists, and new targeted therapies like monoclonal antibodies are being developed.
ASTHMA CHALLENGES FOR TRIPLE DRUG OUTCOMES BETTER OR NOTdranimesharya
The document discusses challenges in asthma management from both patient and physician perspectives. It notes that while guidelines recommend regular inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use, many patients have poor adherence due to a variety of factors like a lack of symptoms, misconceptions about asthma medications, and steroid phobia. Both patients and physicians often have misaligned views of asthma control, with patients underestimating their level of control. Effective communication between physicians and patients is important to address misunderstandings and optimize treatment plans.
Made by Ranjith R Thampi. A decent powerpoint on Bronchial Asthma, a short summary on various presentations and treatment options starting at Primary health level. Was made mainly for Primary Health setup. I've also added options at higher centres and also a few references for latest drug modalities and use.
This document discusses refractory asthma, defining it as asthma that remains difficult to control despite extensive evaluation and management over at least 6 months. It outlines the major and minor criteria used to define refractory asthma according to the American Thoracic Society. It also discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnostic workup, and management approaches for refractory asthma. Management involves high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and additional controller medications, along with addressing comorbidities and adherence issues. Immunomodulators may be considered for patients with uncontrolled asthma despite optimal conventional treatment.
The document summarizes key concepts related to common symptoms experienced by cancer patients, including dyspnea, cancer-related fatigue, and pain. It defines each symptom, discusses prevalence, potential causes, and approaches to management. For each symptom, it provides details on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options. The document is intended to educate healthcare providers on assessing and managing these important symptoms experienced by cancer patients.
This document discusses various causes and treatments for lung diseases like asthma and COPD. It states that smoking is a leading cause of lung disease and that medical treatments offer little relief. It then provides statistics on the prevalence and mortality rates of asthma in the US and discusses various environmental and lifestyle factors that can contribute to or help prevent lung diseases, such as pollution, diet, exercise, vaccinations, and chiropractic care.
This document provides background information on asthma. It discusses how asthma is a chronic lung disease that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways. The prevalence of asthma has increased globally and in the US over the past 20 years. Both genetic and environmental factors like air pollution contribute to the development and exacerbation of asthma. The document outlines research on asthma induction and risk factors. It also discusses government and non-governmental organization efforts to address asthma as a public health issue through research, guidelines, programs and advocacy.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdfrightmanforbloodline
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.