The document discusses the construction industry and its various divisions. It is divided into four main categories: residential construction, building construction, heavy construction, and industrial construction. Each division has its own characteristics. For example, residential construction focuses on single and multi-family homes and makes up 30-35% of the industry. Building construction includes institutional, commercial, and government projects and accounts for 35-40% of the market. Heavy construction involves large public works like highways, bridges, and dams. Industrial construction consists of complex manufacturing plants. The construction industry is further divided based on ownership, unions, project delivery methods, and contract types.

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2.  Engineering (civil or architectural)
Specialization/area of
concentration
Curriculum Elective
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3. Construction-Focused
Education
CEM CM BCM
Civil
Engineering
Applied Technology
or
Professional Studies
Architecture
School of Construction
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4. Project Life Cycle
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5. Life Cycle of a Constructed Facility
1. Concept and Feasibility
2. Engineering and Design
3. Procurement
4. Construction
5. Startup and Implementation
6. Operation or Utilization
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6. What is Construction?
 Application of art and science
 Inherently dangerous
 Organized chaos
 Mankind using creativity, knowledge,
strength, determination, and persistence to
control his environment
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7. Construction differs from
manufacturing in that:
 Not performed in controlled conditions,
therefore highly impacted by weather and
other environmental conditions
 Seasonality
 Each project is unique
 Remotes sites with various access problems
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8. Construction differs from
manufacturing in that:
 Process is not as predictable
 Difficulty in applying automation
 High potential for encountering unforeseen
conditions
 Costs can vary according to conditions
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9.  Difficult to manage and supply utilities and
other resources.
 Technical innovations are adopted slower.
 Success is dependent upon the quality of its
people.
 Very custom-oriented
 Product can be of mind-boggling size, cost, and
complexity
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10.  Highly traditional and fragmented; slow to
embrace new technology
 Restrictive/outdated building codes
 Labor agreements and craft jurisdictional issues
 Liability and legal considerations
 Lack of profit motive or other incentive
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11.  Government regulation
 Environmental constraints
 NIMBY syndrome
 Global competition
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12.  10% of GNP
 Employs over 10,000,000 workers
 Annual Volume exceeds $800 billion
 Vital to the Nation’s economic health and
quality of life
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13. Industry Divisions
1. Residential Construction
2. (Institutional & Commercial)
Building Construction
3. Heavy Construction
4. Industrial Construction
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14. Industry Divisions
1. Residential Construction
2. (Institutional & Commercial) Building
Construction
3. Heavy Construction
4. Industrial Construction
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15. Residential
 Types
 Single family houses
 Multi family dwellings
 High-rise apartments &
condominiums
 30-35 % of the industry
 Low capital and technology
requirements
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16. Residential (continued)
 Largely private
 Often speculative
 Developers = surrogate owners
 Designed by architects,
builders/developers
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17. Building Construction
 Institutional and
Commercial
Construction
 Schools and
universities
 Medical clinics and
hospitals
 Recreational
facilities and sports
stadiums
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18. Building Construction
 Retail stores and
shopping centers
 Warehouses and light
manufacturing
 Office buildings (single
story to sky scrappers)
 Hotels, convention
centers, and theaters
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19. Building Construction
 Institutional and
Commercial Construction
 Churches and
Synagogues
 Prisons
 Courthouses and other
government buildings
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20. Building Construction
 35-40 % of construction market
 Larger and more complex than
residential
 Various owners (mostly private)
 Designed by architects and engineers
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21. Heavy Construction
 Horizontal
Construction
 20-25% of the
construction industry
 Mostly public
financing or large
consortium
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22. Heavy Construction
 Highway & Bridges
 Railroads & Urban Transit
Systems
 Tunnels and Dams
 Airports
 Canals
 Port & harbor structures
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23. Heavy Construction
 Pipelines
 Sewer Systems
 Water treatment &
distribution systems
 Power & communication
networks
 Landfills
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24. Heavy Construction
 Mass quantities of basic
materials: earth, rock,
steel, timber, and concrete
 Constructors need
knowledge of engineering
and geology
 Engineers and builders are
often specialized
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25. Heavy Construction
 Greatest impact on
land and water
 High degree of
mechanization
 Contracts awarded
through competitive
bidding
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26. Industrial Construction
 Very large scale projects
 High degree of technological complexity
 Designed and built by the largest firms with
the highest level of technical sophistication
 Represent 5-10% of the market
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27. Industrial Construction
 Petroleum refineries
 Steel mills & aluminum
plants
 Chemical processing plants
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28. Industrial Construction
 Fossil fuel & nuclear power
plants
 Other heavy manufacturing
facilities
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29. Industrial Construction
 Complex mechanical systems, process piping, and
instrumentation
 Civil, but also mechanical, chemical, and
electrical engineering disciplines involved
 Mostly private ownership (in western countries)
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30. Industrial Construction
 Negotiated contracts are typical
 “Turnkey” contract arrangements are common
 Design-constructor must be intimately familiar
with the technology and operations of the
facility
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31. Construction Industry is further subdivided
into sectors or segments by:
 Public vs. private ownership/funding
 Union labor vs. open shop
 Organization and method of project delivery
 Type of work: new vs. rehab/retrofit/restoration
 Contract type
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