2. Pre-Industrial Britain:
Limited leisure time Rural Communities
Church Calendar Limited Transport
Festivals Gentry/Peasantry
Pre-Industiral Society:
The period of time prior to the Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1850)
Ancient Origins: Festival Games:
Early sport was based Revolved around church
around. /agricultural calendar.
preparation for war Release of aggression – mob
(archery/jousting). football.
3. Less space/loss
of common
Less time
land
initially/long Saturday half
working hours day/working holidays
More
psectating
than playing Development of
as too many transport
people not meant teams
Effects of the Industrial Revolution could travel to
enough
opportunity on Sport play in other
towns
Led to need for
national set of Reduction in violence/
rules need for fit and
healthy workforce
Development of
factory/church
teams that
competed
against others
Condification and the Introduction of National Governing Bodies
Towns and schools had localised rules
Need for common set of rules
Students brought rules to ‘Oxbridge Melting Pot’
Written rules recorded
Development of competition
Governing Bodies
National Bodies to oversee rules, competitions and structure of sports
4. Army:
Officers shared
sports with
working class Teachers:
Colonial:
soldiers Many former
Former Public
pupils became
School boys
teachers and
working for the
delivered similar
British Empire
sports
abroad
Church:
Administration: Codification and the Nature of
When playing Diffusion of Sport schooling meant
days were over many boys took
many joined up roles within
governing the church
bodies to which led to
develop sport fromation of
further and teams.
formulate
national rules
Patronage: Industry:
Patrons University: Once finished
supported Provided greater school, students
sporting events opportunity and went back to
and resources fathers
competitions factories.
Forming of
factory teams
5. The Olympic Games
William Penny Brookes
Barron Pierre De Courbetin
Much Wenlock Games
Festivals of sport
All competing on a level
playing field
Amateur
Competitors from all walks
of life.
Rise of sport as a Business:
Development in transport and
media coverage
TV Audiences of over 4 Billion
Exclusive TV rights
Sponsorship and branding
Shop Window – political/
propagada uses
Globalisation and its effects:
Diffusion of sport across the globe with cultural adaptations
Massive audience provide excellent stage to gain maximum exposure
Examples include:
o Berlin 1936 Nazi propaganda
o Mexico 1968 Black power anti-racism salute
o Moscow 1980 – US boycott
o Los Angeles - 1984 Russian Boycott
6. Major Olympic Games
Date Venue Major Incident
1896 Athens First olympics to be held
1936 Berlin Hitlers games – nazi
propeganda
1968 Mexico Black Power
1972 Munich Arab terrorists hijack
Israeli Athletes
1976 Monteal Games went bankrupt –
spiralling costs due to
increased security
1980 Moscow USA Boycotted in protest
of Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan
1984 Los Angeles ‘Hamburger’ Olympics –
commercialisation
‘Tit for Tat’ – Russia
Boycott
1988 Seoul Ben Johnson stripped of
100m Olympic gold
1996 Atlanta Controversy over Athens
not being awarded century
games went to Atlanta
instead – home of major
sponsor coca-cola
2004 Athens On the eve of games two
greek sprinters tested
positive and banned
Americanisation and
Commercialisation:
Peter Uberroth – ’86 LA games first to
make profit
‘Hamburger’ Games
Sponsorship and media fees
Changes in ethics (amateur to
gamesmanship)
The Olympic Programme – sale of the
5 rings
Exclusive TV rights
’96 Atlanta Games – Coca-cola
7. Sportmanship – Playing within the rules of
the game
Gamesmanship – Win at all costs – bending
the rules in order to win
Amateurism
Competing for the love Remember to give examples
of the sport and without
rewards
Deviance in Sport
Shamateurism Professionalism
Custum of pre-1990 Competing for
athletes who were monetry rewards
amateur but received
unofficial payments
via commercial
scholarships or state
bursaries
The Professional Foul
Deliberately trying to impede, obstruct or
injure an oponent to get the right result.
Stamping in rugby
Professional foul in football (deliberate
foul to prevent scoring)
‘Sacking’ (injuring) of quarter back
8. National and
Testing and
International Education and
results
Policy and research
management
standards
Comprehensive
database of drug
information
Regular testing
WADA
World Anti-Drugs Agency
Impossible to stay
Set up in 1998 ahead of the
because of doping chemists
Mission:
problems
To promote and
co-ordinate at
international level
the fight against Genetic Engineering
doping in sport in
all forms Drugs specifc to atheltes
genetics
Genetic info used to
identify talent
Athletes genetic
composition modified to
improve performance
Cells of newly fertilised
eggs to produce super
athletes
10. Performance Pathways
Use
examples
National and International level
from your
sport
Club or County Level
Participation – Fun/enjoyment
Grass Roots level - young
3 main agencies:
Make sure you know UK Sports
the differences Agencies UK SPORT
Support and
between agencies:
develop Olympic
and Paralympic
What are their main SPORT ENGLAND
roles? UK SPORT
More people active
2 million by 2012
What level do they Distribution of
cater for? lottery money
SPORT ENGLAND Develop fall off
from school age.
What are their aims? YST
TOP Programmes
What initiatives do Pathways
YOUTH SPORT
they run? Sports Colleges
TRUST PESSCL Strategy
11. Different Traditional Pathways Combat post 16 fall
parthways for out from sport
different sports.
MAKE SURE YOU Pathways for aspring athletes The Post School Gap
KNOW EXAMPLES!!
E.G. ESFA On average only 5% of
The School Sports Pathway
Competitions school children are
Events involved in competitive
sport
Sporting Future for All: Game Plan:
Published in 2000 Increase in participation for
Superseeded by the health benefits – 70% active
National Framework Improvement in success in
international competition –
for Sport
top five world rankings for
individuals and teams
National Framework for Sport:
Joint Venture from UK Sport, UK Sports
Institutes and governing bodies
Making England an active and
successful nation 2020
20 priority sports and 10 development
sports
Sport Search Programmes
Identifying potential
sporting talent
Online system aimed
at 11-17 year olds
Objective to allow
young people to
assess their
suitablility in 150
sports
Gives links to clubs
and facilities
12. Talent Identification
Closed Loop
Sports
Open Loop
Sports
Know the difference
and give examples
Talent ID in Australia:
Talent ID in East Germany: Dissapointment at Montreal
Wanted to use Olympic Olympics in ‘76
success as a shop window AIS (Australian Institute of
Every child was screened at 7 Sport) opened in1981
for sporting potential Scholarships to over 600
High scoring children invited athletes
to train regularly 32 sports
At age of 10 they were 75 full time coaches
transferred to sports Seven satellite institues in
boarding school all state capitals
6 hours sport 2 hours Developed Sports Search
academic Based on fitness and body
Elite athletes based at high measurements
performance centres Every high school visited in
build up to 2000 Sydney
Talent ID in the UK Considered elitist as only
2% went through to 2nd
round
Talent search within the
National Framework for
Sport.
Talent ID and fast track
development
EIS (English Institute of Sport)
Employed dedicated talent
ID spoecialists
Searched the country
Specifically for new olypic
sports like basketball,
handball and volleyball
World Class Pathway World Class Performance
Programme
World Class Talent Identifying top performers
World Class Development Providing top class facitlites
World Class Podium Providing support
13. EIS High Performance
Centres
Top class facilities
Provide a a
comprehensive network
of services
Sports Science
Sports Medicine and
rehabilitiation
Support personel
SPORT SEARCH ATHLETE AWARDS SCHOOL GAMES
Don’ts forget the
other talent
development
programmes!
GIFTED & TALENTED PERFORMANCE
TASS - Talented Athlete DO YOU AASE – Advanced
Scholarship Scheme KNOW Apprentiship in Sporting
WHAT THESE Excellence
SCHEMES
DO?
15. Lifelong Involvement
Mass Participation:
Break through constraints to
encourage everyone to take up
an active lifestyle
Intrinsic and Extrinsic
benefits
Benefits for society
Benefits for crime
rate/anti social behaviour
Benefits for Health
Service
Benefits for the economy
Leadership and Volunteer
Schemes
Sports Leaders Awards
Lifetime Sports: Overseen by Sport Leaders
Pursue throughout life UK – aimed at school aged
Eg’s are golf and students.
badminton
Self-paced sports Step into Sport
Low impact Joint venture from Sport
Fun and Enjoyment England, YST and Sports
Aim to guide school Leaders aimed at getting
leavers to active lifetime 14-19 year olds involved in
sports and prevent fall leadership and coaching.
out from physical activity
16. Sport England’s
Paricipation Segments
DO YOU KNOW EXAMPLES OF
TARGET GROUPS?
17. Opportunity: Provision: Esteem:
Time Facilities Societies
Money Inner City view/judgement
Ability Rural ‘Traditional’
Equipment gender sports
Hire Stereotypes
Educational: Geographical : Peer Pressure:
Dependent on Where a Negative
schooling and person Teenage
experiences lives fall out
School Give eg’s
facilities
SPORT FOR ALL CAMPAIGN:
Introduced in 1972
Highlights vlaue of sport and need to be
active
To increase the opportunities available
Particularly focussing on target groups
18. Making England Active:
Multi-sports Hubs
Aims to help people of all
Community sports
ages start and remain in
centres offering a
sport
multitude of sports
Increase opportunities
Educational, health and
Develop a network of
social welfare services
clubs, coaches and
Sport England see these
volunteers
as key for boosting
participation
Reformative Policies
Active Places:
Public Service
Web based resource
Agreement:
Search for facilities in
Department of Culture,
locality
Media and Sport and
Makes it easier to get
Sport England
involved
Target – 85% of children
accessing 2 hours of PE
by 2008
Target – Increase
participation by 3% in
Active People Survey: target groups
Sport England survey
Track targets every three
years
19. Concessions:
Programming: Reuced session fees
Sport centres use and mmbership
particular sessions rates for target
aimed at target groups
groups Schemes in place to
Women only/over provide greater
50’s etc opportunities
Local Shemes:
Age well sessions
Ironing services
Free creches
GP referrals
Reformative
Programmes
County and School Partnerships:
43 County Sports Partnerships
Develop & streamline network of clubs, coaches,
volunteers and competitions
400 school sports partnerships
Delivery of PESSCL
20. Technical Developments and Cultural Trends
Private gyms and health clubs
Fashion and the role of the media
Technology and access
cheaper equipment
Adrenalin and Adventure sports
Impact of the 2012 Olympic Games
Specialist Agencies
Women’s Sports Foundation (WSF)
Aim – to promote opportunities for women in sport
WSF Awards – aids preparation for international competition
Elite Sports workshops (dealing with media, gaining
sponsorships)
National Action Plan – to help achieve sporting equality
Women into high performance coaching
Women Get Set Go – enabling women to get into leadership
Women in Sports Resources – assist schools, clubs etc
English Federation of Disabiliy Sport
The national body for developing sport for people with
disabilities
Works closely with:
o British Amputee and Les Autres Sport Association
o British Blind Sport
o Wheelpower British Wheelchair sport
o Mencap Sport
o UK Deaf Sport
Promote inclusion and equality
‘Count Me In’ programme
Kick It Out
Lets kick racism out of football
21. Long Term Athlete
Football against Racism in Europe (FARE)
Development
Philosophy
To provide:
Pathways that introduce people into sport
Pathways that allow people to progress in that sport
Fun and enjoyment
Boys aged 6-9 and girls 6-8
Fundemental motor skills
Major learning stage
Boys aged 9-12 and girls 8-11
80% train 20% copmpetition
Build an aeroibc base, speed,
strength etc
Boys aged 12-16 and girls 11-15
Fitness over competition
Optimise fitness
Develop position specific skills
Males 16-23 and females 15-21
Final stage
Working towards podium
performance
Maximise fitness and technical
Males 19+ and Females 18+
At the end of career
Moving from one sport to another
Move from competitive to
recreational
Coaching/ officiating/ media etc
