Physical & Cognitive Development
in Middle Childhood
I. Physical Development
The Growing Body
Beginning at age 6 and continuing to age 12, these years are often referred to as the “school years.”
Compared with the swift growth during the first five years, physical growth during middle childhood is slow but steady.
School-aged children grow, on average, 2 to 3 inches per year.
This is the only time during the life span when girls are, on average, taller than boys.
I. Physical Development
A. The Growing Body (cont.)
Obesity is defined as body weight that is more than 20% above the average for a person of a given height and weight.
15% of all children are obese.
This proportion has tripled since the 1960s.
Obesity can caused by a combination of genetic and social characteristics.
I. Physical Development (cont.)
Motor Development
Schooled-age children’s gross and fine motor skills develop substantially over middle childhood.
An important improvement in gross motor skills is muscle coordination.
I. Physical Development (cont.)
Health During Middle Childhood
More than 90% of children in middle childhood have at least one serious medical condition, although most are short-term illnesses.
ASTHMA
More than 15 million children in the U.S. suffer from this illness.
Asthma attacks are triggered by a variety of factors.
Respiratory infections
Allergic reactions to airborne irritants
Stress
Exercise
A sudden change in air temperature or humidity
I. Physical Development (cont.)
c. Increasing independence and mobility of school-age children lead to new safety issues.
Children walking to school face dangers of being hit by cars and trucks due to inability to judge distance/speed.
The most frequent source of injury to children is automobile accidents.
Car crashes kill five out of every 100,000 children between ages 5 and 9 annually.
Fires and burns, drowning, and gun-related deaths follow in frequency.
d. The newest threat to the safety of school-aged children comes from the Internet or the World Wide Web.
I. Physical Development (cont.)
Psychological Disorders
Childhood depression is often overlooked by teachers and parents.
Approximately 5% of school-age children suffer from depression.
13% of school-age children suffer from anxiety disorders.
The use of antidepressant drugs has become a popular treatment for childhood psychological disorders.
In 2002 more than 10 million prescriptions were written for children under the age of 18.
Little is known about the long-term effectiveness of antidepressants with children or the consequences of use of the developing brains of children.
I. Physical Development (cont.)
D. Children with Special Needs
One student in a thousand requires special education services relating to VISUAL IMPAIRMENT.
AUDITORY IMPAIRMENT, a special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing, which affects 1% to 2% of school-aged children.
Three to 5% of school-age children have speech impa.
CP-Care curriculum, training course and assessment mechanism (ECVET based)
Website: http://cpcare.eu/en/
This project (CP-CARE - 2016-1-TR01-KA202-035094) has been funded with support from the European Commission. This communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
A Manual of Essential Pediatrics, Second Edition, the revised and updated edition provides essential state-of-the-art information on childcare right from birth to adolescence. The book serves as a practical guide to pediatricians for the diagnosis and treatment of common disorders and diseases of neonates, children, and adolescents. The author has used his experience of over 50 years to cover core pediatric topics such as growth and development, behavior and developmental disorders, common day-to-day illnesses, immunizations, and nutrition in a simple and succinct manner.
Why is dentistry a separate course rather than a specialization after medical school? Dentistry is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis (detection), and treatment of diseases and conditions of teeth, gums, jaws, and oral-facial structures. The field of dentistry is not just limited to teeth. It is like any other branch of Medicine e.g., ENT doctors specialize in ear, nose, and throat diseases, Orthopedic surgeons treat bone diseases/disorders, and Ophthalmologists specialize in eyes, and so on. In fact, there are many medical specialties and super-specialties after a basic medical degree. Some doctors have extra expertise in any one of these specialties or another. However, dentistry is more than a specialty of medicine.
Dentistry is more than a specialty of Medicine
Have you seen everyone affected by cancer or diabetes, or heart problems? Have you seen a separate college for the liver or heart, in spite of the fact that we can’t live without these vital organs? Some people have skin problems; some have kidney issues but every one of us has dental problems and needs regular dental prophylaxis or treatments. The mouth is a constant source of microbial inflammation. Fortunately, most people are asymptomatic (painless) because we evolved and adapted to oral germs and constant inflammation. Just imagine, what would have happened if oral inflammation was painful for everyone.
The mouth is the only natural way of food intake. It has the second largest diverse microbiota after the gut because of the easy availability of food and shelter. Furthermore, the modern refined(soft and sticky) diet has aggravated the situation and made our mouth the constant source of microbial inflammation. That’s why tooth decay and gum diseases are one of the most common diseases affecting mankind.
Oral microflora, their toxins, and inflammatory products from mouth diseases get easy access to the inner body through our inflamed gums and can cause heart attacks, pneumonia, diabetes, cancers, infertility, sepsis, and many other ill-effects on our vital organs. Poor oral hygiene during pregnancy can affect the developing baby which can lead to complications such as miscarriage, low birth weight, and premature delivery. Poor oral health is not only linked with systemic diseases/conditions but badly influences their entire course. The mouth is the gateway to your systemic health.
You must have noticed, the mouth is the only organ of your body that needs a variety of hygiene/preventive measures i.e., toothbrush, toothpaste, dental floss, tongue blade/brush, interdental brushes, mouthwashes, professional prophylaxis/treatments, etc. on a regular basis to maintain your oral as well as overall health.
Most importantly, dental tissues once damaged cannot be regenerated or repaired by themselves, unlike other body cells. That’s why; Dentistry is not just a science but an art and engineering to rebuild lost tissues. Dentists have to be both doctors and engineer
DEFINITION “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity”. -WHO (1948)
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
BIOMEDICAL: - Absence of disease. Person free from disease is considered as healthy
ECOLOGICAL: - Dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment = health. Maladjustment of humans to environment = disease
PSYCHOLOGICAL: - Development of social sciences revealed that health is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors.
HOLISTIC: - Synthesis of all other concepts. Sound mind in a sound body, in a sound family, in sound environment
DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
• PHYSICAL
• MENTAL
• SOCIAL
• SPIRITUAL
• EMOTIONAL
• VOCATIONAL
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Children who mouth breathe develop cranio facial changes including narrowing of the face, crooked teeth, smaller chin, undeveloped jaws and more. Mouth breathing causes the face to sink downwards. The Buteyko Method as developed by the Late Dr Buteyko addresses mouth breathing and chronic overbreathing.
Health promotion guidelines across lifespanNursing Path
This article looks at trends and
developments in health
throughout the life span, deal-
ing with four specific age groups – in-
fants and small children; older chil-
dren and adolescents; adults up to
the age of 65; and older people, with
a special focus on women’s health.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Physical & Cognitive Development
in Middle Childhood
I. Physical Development
The Growing Body
Beginning at age 6 and continuing to age 12, these years are often referred to as the “school years.”
Compared with the swift growth during the first five years, physical growth during middle childhood is slow but steady.
School-aged children grow, on average, 2 to 3 inches per year.
This is the only time during the life span when girls are, on average, taller than boys.
I. Physical Development
A. The Growing Body (cont.)
Obesity is defined as body weight that is more than 20% above the average for a person of a given height and weight.
15% of all children are obese.
This proportion has tripled since the 1960s.
Obesity can caused by a combination of genetic and social characteristics.
I. Physical Development (cont.)
Motor Development
Schooled-age children’s gross and fine motor skills develop substantially over middle childhood.
An important improvement in gross motor skills is muscle coordination.
I. Physical Development (cont.)
Health During Middle Childhood
More than 90% of children in middle childhood have at least one serious medical condition, although most are short-term illnesses.
ASTHMA
More than 15 million children in the U.S. suffer from this illness.
Asthma attacks are triggered by a variety of factors.
Respiratory infections
Allergic reactions to airborne irritants
Stress
Exercise
A sudden change in air temperature or humidity
I. Physical Development (cont.)
c. Increasing independence and mobility of school-age children lead to new safety issues.
Children walking to school face dangers of being hit by cars and trucks due to inability to judge distance/speed.
The most frequent source of injury to children is automobile accidents.
Car crashes kill five out of every 100,000 children between ages 5 and 9 annually.
Fires and burns, drowning, and gun-related deaths follow in frequency.
d. The newest threat to the safety of school-aged children comes from the Internet or the World Wide Web.
I. Physical Development (cont.)
Psychological Disorders
Childhood depression is often overlooked by teachers and parents.
Approximately 5% of school-age children suffer from depression.
13% of school-age children suffer from anxiety disorders.
The use of antidepressant drugs has become a popular treatment for childhood psychological disorders.
In 2002 more than 10 million prescriptions were written for children under the age of 18.
Little is known about the long-term effectiveness of antidepressants with children or the consequences of use of the developing brains of children.
I. Physical Development (cont.)
D. Children with Special Needs
One student in a thousand requires special education services relating to VISUAL IMPAIRMENT.
AUDITORY IMPAIRMENT, a special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing, which affects 1% to 2% of school-aged children.
Three to 5% of school-age children have speech impa.
CP-Care curriculum, training course and assessment mechanism (ECVET based)
Website: http://cpcare.eu/en/
This project (CP-CARE - 2016-1-TR01-KA202-035094) has been funded with support from the European Commission. This communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
A Manual of Essential Pediatrics, Second Edition, the revised and updated edition provides essential state-of-the-art information on childcare right from birth to adolescence. The book serves as a practical guide to pediatricians for the diagnosis and treatment of common disorders and diseases of neonates, children, and adolescents. The author has used his experience of over 50 years to cover core pediatric topics such as growth and development, behavior and developmental disorders, common day-to-day illnesses, immunizations, and nutrition in a simple and succinct manner.
Why is dentistry a separate course rather than a specialization after medical school? Dentistry is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis (detection), and treatment of diseases and conditions of teeth, gums, jaws, and oral-facial structures. The field of dentistry is not just limited to teeth. It is like any other branch of Medicine e.g., ENT doctors specialize in ear, nose, and throat diseases, Orthopedic surgeons treat bone diseases/disorders, and Ophthalmologists specialize in eyes, and so on. In fact, there are many medical specialties and super-specialties after a basic medical degree. Some doctors have extra expertise in any one of these specialties or another. However, dentistry is more than a specialty of medicine.
Dentistry is more than a specialty of Medicine
Have you seen everyone affected by cancer or diabetes, or heart problems? Have you seen a separate college for the liver or heart, in spite of the fact that we can’t live without these vital organs? Some people have skin problems; some have kidney issues but every one of us has dental problems and needs regular dental prophylaxis or treatments. The mouth is a constant source of microbial inflammation. Fortunately, most people are asymptomatic (painless) because we evolved and adapted to oral germs and constant inflammation. Just imagine, what would have happened if oral inflammation was painful for everyone.
The mouth is the only natural way of food intake. It has the second largest diverse microbiota after the gut because of the easy availability of food and shelter. Furthermore, the modern refined(soft and sticky) diet has aggravated the situation and made our mouth the constant source of microbial inflammation. That’s why tooth decay and gum diseases are one of the most common diseases affecting mankind.
Oral microflora, their toxins, and inflammatory products from mouth diseases get easy access to the inner body through our inflamed gums and can cause heart attacks, pneumonia, diabetes, cancers, infertility, sepsis, and many other ill-effects on our vital organs. Poor oral hygiene during pregnancy can affect the developing baby which can lead to complications such as miscarriage, low birth weight, and premature delivery. Poor oral health is not only linked with systemic diseases/conditions but badly influences their entire course. The mouth is the gateway to your systemic health.
You must have noticed, the mouth is the only organ of your body that needs a variety of hygiene/preventive measures i.e., toothbrush, toothpaste, dental floss, tongue blade/brush, interdental brushes, mouthwashes, professional prophylaxis/treatments, etc. on a regular basis to maintain your oral as well as overall health.
Most importantly, dental tissues once damaged cannot be regenerated or repaired by themselves, unlike other body cells. That’s why; Dentistry is not just a science but an art and engineering to rebuild lost tissues. Dentists have to be both doctors and engineer
DEFINITION “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity”. -WHO (1948)
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
BIOMEDICAL: - Absence of disease. Person free from disease is considered as healthy
ECOLOGICAL: - Dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment = health. Maladjustment of humans to environment = disease
PSYCHOLOGICAL: - Development of social sciences revealed that health is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors.
HOLISTIC: - Synthesis of all other concepts. Sound mind in a sound body, in a sound family, in sound environment
DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
• PHYSICAL
• MENTAL
• SOCIAL
• SPIRITUAL
• EMOTIONAL
• VOCATIONAL
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Children who mouth breathe develop cranio facial changes including narrowing of the face, crooked teeth, smaller chin, undeveloped jaws and more. Mouth breathing causes the face to sink downwards. The Buteyko Method as developed by the Late Dr Buteyko addresses mouth breathing and chronic overbreathing.
Health promotion guidelines across lifespanNursing Path
This article looks at trends and
developments in health
throughout the life span, deal-
ing with four specific age groups – in-
fants and small children; older chil-
dren and adolescents; adults up to
the age of 65; and older people, with
a special focus on women’s health.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
1. Ailment and body care
Health is important to the man. Health is wealth. Good health helps for long live. A
disease is an unhealthy condition that makes us ill. Some diseases are caused by bacteria
or gems, and some by viruses, some by parasites through insect bite etc. and some by
fungus. Diseases which are capable of being transmitted to another person by direct or
indirect contact, i.e., through air, food, water, etc. are called infectious diseases. Types of
infectious disease such as smallpox which spread from one person to another by physical
contact are called contagious diseases. Some diseases are hereditary. These are inherited
to children from their parents.
Many drugs, vaccinations and inoculations have been developed to help us cure or fight
diseases, although some diseases like Cancer, Aids, and Diabetes have still no complete
cure. Proper nutritious diets, abstaining from such habits as smoking and sufficient and
sufficient physical exercise play an important role in keeping good health.
• Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the body. A good morning
meal, provides solid fuel with which the body can recharge its energies after the
long overnight fast and make children perform better in studies.
• Teeth are covered with enamel, the hardest substance made by animals. They are
connected to jaw by strong fibers that allow slight movement when chewing or
biting. Humans have two sets of teeth: the first, 0f 20, called milk teeth, starts to
fall out at about age; 6 the second, of 32 replaces the first and is permanent.
A 12 year old child has 28 teeth. About five or six years later, four more teeth
grow. They are known as wisdom teeth. Some adults never fully row four teeth.
Some babies are born with a full set of teeth, for instance, Napoleon and King
Louis XIV of France.