Article 14 of the Indian Constitution incorporates the doctrine of equality. It guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of laws within India's territory, imposing a negative obligation on the state. While absolute equality is impractical, Article 14 prohibits class legislation and arbitrary discrimination but permits reasonable classification. For a classification to be reasonable under Article 14, it must be based on an intelligible differentia and have a rational nexus to the object of the law. Equality is a dynamic concept that prohibits both substantive and procedural discrimination and strikes at arbitrariness in state action.