This document provides a summary of 10 artworks that provide context for the project "Waste in Place: The McRobies Gully Tip as Landscape". The artworks are divided into two sections: 1) "Framing Waste", which discusses works that have used waste as a device to critique social, economic and environmental perspectives; and 2) "Transformational Relations", which discusses works that have sought to provoke consideration of human relations with animals, objects or place. The works discussed use a variety of media including sculpture, photography, video and installation. They address issues such as waste and consumption, human impact on the environment, and complex relationships between humans, objects and sites. The document concludes that these artworks
Stephen graham Nature, Cities and the ‘Anthropocene’Stephen Graham
An analysis of what the idea of the 'Anthropocene' -- our latest Geological epoch marked by the human shaping of the Earth -- means for how we think about cities
Urban Ecological Security and the ‘Anthropocene’Stephen Graham
The document discusses how human activity has fundamentally altered the planet to such an extent that we have entered a new geological epoch called the Anthropocene. Key points:
- A panel of geologists determined that the stable climate of the Holocene epoch has ended and the Earth has entered "a stratigraphic interval without close parallel in the last several million years" due to human impacts.
- Urban-industrial systems have become the planet's most important geophysical force, consuming 75% of energy and producing 80% of greenhouse gas emissions. Cities metabolize enormous global flows of resources and are hubs of environmental change.
- The growth of cities and urbanization has been central to driving human impacts that define
This document discusses urbanization and analyzes three case studies located along the Interstate 35 corridor in central Texas. The first case study is the Barton Creek Greenbelt in Austin, which is described as "urbanized nature" despite being a green space. Evidence provided includes observations of human waste, construction activities, and evidence that the greenbelt's users are predominantly white and higher-income. The second case study is the Mueller community in Austin, described as reformed spaces with diverse places. The third is the town square in Wimberley, analyzed as a commoditized place that attracts tourism. The document examines how these case studies relate to concepts of urbanization, capitalism, and their impacts on nature.
This document summarizes a study that identified and prioritized vacant urban land in Kansas City, Missouri for conversion to public greenspace. The study used GIS analysis of land use, population, and income data to identify 10 vacant parcels totaling between 2-19 acres each that were at least 75% vegetated, located to improve connectivity to existing parks, and in areas of high population density and low income. Selecting sites based on need as well as environmental characteristics allows the conversion of vacant land to maximize cultural and ecosystem service benefits for local communities.
The document discusses concepts related to ecology, urban ecology, and ecologically sustainable development (ESD). It defines ecology as the study of relationships between organisms and their environment. Urban ecology deals specifically with these relationships in urban settings. ESD aims to use resources in a way that maintains ecological processes for current and future generations. The document outlines principles of ESD, such as the precautionary principle, and approaches to integrate ESD into urban and transport planning. It provides Curitiba, Brazil as an example that implemented innovative planning strategies to promote sustainability.
Naming the Epoch: Anthropocene, Capitalocene, EcoceneEcoLabs
The Anthropocene is the proposed name for the geological epoch where humanity is dramatically affecting geological processes. The name draws attention to severe environmental problems – but it also does other things. Jason Moore asks: “Does the Anthropocene argument obscure more than it illuminates?” (2014, 4). Donna Haraway argues that the Anthropocene must be “as short/thin as possible” (2015, 160). Moore, Haraway, Solon and Latour claim the concept uncritically imports Western rationality, imperialism and anthropocentrism – and thereby narrows options for the development of sustainable alternatives.
It is important to be specific about exactly what ‘anthropos’ are doing to destabilise climate systems and other planetary boundaries. There is a particular model of development driving dramatic Earth System change. There are other options. In response to this problem, the Capitalocene is a concept that asserts: “the logic of capital drives disruption of Earth System. Not humans in general” (Salon, 2014).
Bruno Latour says the Capitalocene is “a swift way to ascribe this responsibility to whom and to where it belongs” (2014, 139). It is more specific. Consequently it opens space for other opinions. Yet while the Capitalocene is critical, is not creative. Beyond the assumptions of Anthropocene and the critical perspective of the Capitalocene, new ways of understanding social and ecological relations are emergent.
Design theorist Rachel Armstrong states “there is no advantage to us to bring the Anthropocene into the future… The mythos of the Anthropocene does not help us… we must re-imagine our world and enable the Ecocene” (2015). New ecologically informed ways of thinking and living must be generated. The Ecocene has yet to be designed. Its emergence depends on a new understanding of ecological-human relations and new types of development that emerge from this perspective. The transformative Ecocene describes a curative catalyst for cultural change necessary to survive the Anthropocene.
A presentation at Climate Change: Spatial, Environmental and Cultural Politics University of Brighton, Thursday 28-Friday 29 April 2016.
Civic Ecology, Greening in the Red Zone, & Urban Environmental Stewarship Keith G. Tidball
Civic ecology is the study of interactions between community environmental stewardship, education, culture/institutions, and ecosystem services. It examines how stewardship practices emerge in "broken places" due to people's love of life and places. Ten principles of civic ecology are described, including how practices start locally and expand through partnerships while being resilient to chaos/renewal. The document discusses conceptualizing stewardship over space and time, noting it involves social mechanisms behind management practices based on local ecological knowledge. It explores how stewardship evolves through resilience, learning from disturbances. Key mechanisms of civic ecology identified are urgent biophilia, restorative topophilia, memorialization, rituals, and discourses that shape recovery.
Stephen graham Nature, Cities and the ‘Anthropocene’Stephen Graham
An analysis of what the idea of the 'Anthropocene' -- our latest Geological epoch marked by the human shaping of the Earth -- means for how we think about cities
Urban Ecological Security and the ‘Anthropocene’Stephen Graham
The document discusses how human activity has fundamentally altered the planet to such an extent that we have entered a new geological epoch called the Anthropocene. Key points:
- A panel of geologists determined that the stable climate of the Holocene epoch has ended and the Earth has entered "a stratigraphic interval without close parallel in the last several million years" due to human impacts.
- Urban-industrial systems have become the planet's most important geophysical force, consuming 75% of energy and producing 80% of greenhouse gas emissions. Cities metabolize enormous global flows of resources and are hubs of environmental change.
- The growth of cities and urbanization has been central to driving human impacts that define
This document discusses urbanization and analyzes three case studies located along the Interstate 35 corridor in central Texas. The first case study is the Barton Creek Greenbelt in Austin, which is described as "urbanized nature" despite being a green space. Evidence provided includes observations of human waste, construction activities, and evidence that the greenbelt's users are predominantly white and higher-income. The second case study is the Mueller community in Austin, described as reformed spaces with diverse places. The third is the town square in Wimberley, analyzed as a commoditized place that attracts tourism. The document examines how these case studies relate to concepts of urbanization, capitalism, and their impacts on nature.
This document summarizes a study that identified and prioritized vacant urban land in Kansas City, Missouri for conversion to public greenspace. The study used GIS analysis of land use, population, and income data to identify 10 vacant parcels totaling between 2-19 acres each that were at least 75% vegetated, located to improve connectivity to existing parks, and in areas of high population density and low income. Selecting sites based on need as well as environmental characteristics allows the conversion of vacant land to maximize cultural and ecosystem service benefits for local communities.
The document discusses concepts related to ecology, urban ecology, and ecologically sustainable development (ESD). It defines ecology as the study of relationships between organisms and their environment. Urban ecology deals specifically with these relationships in urban settings. ESD aims to use resources in a way that maintains ecological processes for current and future generations. The document outlines principles of ESD, such as the precautionary principle, and approaches to integrate ESD into urban and transport planning. It provides Curitiba, Brazil as an example that implemented innovative planning strategies to promote sustainability.
Naming the Epoch: Anthropocene, Capitalocene, EcoceneEcoLabs
The Anthropocene is the proposed name for the geological epoch where humanity is dramatically affecting geological processes. The name draws attention to severe environmental problems – but it also does other things. Jason Moore asks: “Does the Anthropocene argument obscure more than it illuminates?” (2014, 4). Donna Haraway argues that the Anthropocene must be “as short/thin as possible” (2015, 160). Moore, Haraway, Solon and Latour claim the concept uncritically imports Western rationality, imperialism and anthropocentrism – and thereby narrows options for the development of sustainable alternatives.
It is important to be specific about exactly what ‘anthropos’ are doing to destabilise climate systems and other planetary boundaries. There is a particular model of development driving dramatic Earth System change. There are other options. In response to this problem, the Capitalocene is a concept that asserts: “the logic of capital drives disruption of Earth System. Not humans in general” (Salon, 2014).
Bruno Latour says the Capitalocene is “a swift way to ascribe this responsibility to whom and to where it belongs” (2014, 139). It is more specific. Consequently it opens space for other opinions. Yet while the Capitalocene is critical, is not creative. Beyond the assumptions of Anthropocene and the critical perspective of the Capitalocene, new ways of understanding social and ecological relations are emergent.
Design theorist Rachel Armstrong states “there is no advantage to us to bring the Anthropocene into the future… The mythos of the Anthropocene does not help us… we must re-imagine our world and enable the Ecocene” (2015). New ecologically informed ways of thinking and living must be generated. The Ecocene has yet to be designed. Its emergence depends on a new understanding of ecological-human relations and new types of development that emerge from this perspective. The transformative Ecocene describes a curative catalyst for cultural change necessary to survive the Anthropocene.
A presentation at Climate Change: Spatial, Environmental and Cultural Politics University of Brighton, Thursday 28-Friday 29 April 2016.
Civic Ecology, Greening in the Red Zone, & Urban Environmental Stewarship Keith G. Tidball
Civic ecology is the study of interactions between community environmental stewardship, education, culture/institutions, and ecosystem services. It examines how stewardship practices emerge in "broken places" due to people's love of life and places. Ten principles of civic ecology are described, including how practices start locally and expand through partnerships while being resilient to chaos/renewal. The document discusses conceptualizing stewardship over space and time, noting it involves social mechanisms behind management practices based on local ecological knowledge. It explores how stewardship evolves through resilience, learning from disturbances. Key mechanisms of civic ecology identified are urgent biophilia, restorative topophilia, memorialization, rituals, and discourses that shape recovery.
1) The document discusses the concept of a "Biophilic City" - a city designed to be in greater harmony with nature through increased biodiversity and green spaces. It argues there are economic benefits to such an approach.
2) Some potential economic benefits discussed include increased property values and tourism in more attractive cities with greater biodiversity and green spaces, health and productivity improvements from exposure to nature, reduced energy and infrastructure costs from urban greening and cooling, local food production reducing transportation costs, and carbon sequestration.
3) The document argues the economic case for "Biophilic Cities" has not been fully made yet but aspects like these could provide cities that adopt greater integration with nature an economic advantage
This document discusses how architects are increasingly focusing on issues of social justice and inclusion in their work. It argues that to adequately address climate change, architecture needs to engage both locally and globally. The document examines the concept of "insurgent citizenship" and alternative practices by marginalized groups. It suggests that to respond to climate change, architects need a reflexive approach that accounts for its complex multiscalar impacts and involves diverse actors across levels of governance. Architects should draw from both ethnographic understanding of local contexts and transformative visions that avoid the failures of past utopian plans.
Design embeds ideas in communication, artifacts and spaces in subtle and psychologically powerful ways. Feminist, class, race and indigenous scholars and activists describe how oppressions (how patriarchy, racism, colonialism, etc.) exist within institutions and also within cultural practices. The theory of symbolic violence sheds light on how design can function to naturalise oppressions and then obfuscate power relations around this process. Through symbolic violence, design can function as an enabler for the exploitation of certain groups of people and the environment they (and ultimately ‘we’) depend on to live. Design functions as symbolic violence when it is involved with the creation and reproduction of ideas, practices, processes and tools that result in structural and other types of violence (including ecocide).
Presentation and conversation at the Design Research Society 2016's Design + Research + Society: Future Focused Thinking conference. The University of Brighton. UK and then again at the Decolonising Design group’s Intersectional Perspectives on Design, Politics and Power at Malmo University in November 2016.
by
Dr. Joanna Boehnert, Research Fellow in Design, CREAM, University of Westminster + EcoLabs
Dr. Bianca Elzenbaumer, Research Fellow in Design, Leeds College of Art + Brave New Alps
Dimeji Onafuwa, PhD candidate, Carnegie Mellon University
This document provides an overview of a presentation on biophilic cities and integrating nature into urban design. It discusses the theoretical basis for combining biophilic and urban design concepts. Some key points include:
- Biophilia refers to humans' innate attraction to nature and living processes. Biophilic design aims to incorporate natural elements and inspire connections to nature in the built environment.
- Several principles of biophilic design are discussed, including providing access to nature in cities through urban forests and gardens.
- The presentation examines how place attachment and sense of place can be strengthened by connecting culture, history and ecology in urban design.
- Biophilic urban design approaches are applied at different scales from individual
Ecocene Design Economies: Three Ecologies of Systems TransitionsEcoLabs
Despite accumulative social and technological innovation, the design industry continues to face significant obstacles when addressing issues of sustainability. Climate change and other systemic ecological problems demands shifts on an order of magnitude well beyond the trajectory of business-as-usual. I will argue that these complex problems require addressing the epistemological error in knowledge systems reproducing unsustainable designed worlds. Ecological literacy is a basis for nature-inspired design. Ecologically engaged knowledge must inform design strategies across the psychological, the social and the environmental domains. With the expansive three ecologies perspective, interventions at the intersection of design and economics can enable systems transitions. This theoretical work informs a framing of the current epoch in ways that create a foundation for the creation of regenerative, distributed and redirected design economies.
Following the 2008 "Re-imaging Cities: Urban Design After the Age of Oil symposium, Penn IUR solicited manuscripts on environmental and energy challenges and their effect on the redesign of urban environments.
This document discusses the role of "greening" or environmental stewardship activities in building resilience after disasters or conflicts. It provides examples of how tree planting, memorial gardens, and fisheries management helped communities recover from events like 9/11 and wars in Iraq. The document argues that including local communities in greening activities can help social-ecological systems withstand disturbances by providing feedback and strengthening connections between people and nature. Policymakers are encouraged to support such efforts through funding, research, and integrating greening into emergency response plans to facilitate long-term adaptation to climate change impacts.
Cours Public 5: L’ANTHROPOCÈNE SERAIT-IL UN URBANOCÈNE? OU COMMENT L’URBANISA...EcoleUrbaineLyon
L’entrée dans l’anthropocène est directement liée à la phase intense d’urbanisation de la planète qui a débuté après la seconde guerre mondiale.
Cette hypothèse reprend celle dite de la « grande accélération » (Steffen), mais en se focalisant sur une part explicative souvent minorée par les études anthropocènes : le rôle effectif de l’urbanisation généralisée et des bouleversements géographiques, économiques, sociaux, culturels et politiques qui l’accompagnent. Il s’agira donc de cerner ce rôle et de l’examiner à toutes les échelles de temps et d’espace.
This document discusses several topics related to urban ecology, including urban wildlife, permaculture, city farming, human ecology, genetically modified foods, ecological urbanism, urban design and planning principles, new urbanism, and urban water systems. It explores how urbanization impacts the environment and hydrologic cycle, and introduces concepts like urban permaculture and city farming that aim to counteract environmental degradation in cities. Throughout, it sheds light on effects of urbanization and strategies people are employing to address them.
This document contains a lecture on sustainable materials and green buildings given by B. Bhattacharjee of the Civil Engineering Department at IIT Delhi. The lecture discusses the increasing global population and consumption placing unsustainable demands on resources. It introduces concepts like ecological footprint and carbon cycle to illustrate how human activity is exceeding the Earth's capacity. It notes that the carbon cycle is now out of balance due to rising CO2 levels, contributing to global warming and climate change. The document outlines key topics covered in the lecture including the role of construction materials, lowering cement consumption, and the importance of a building's envelope in creating sustainable structures.
This document discusses urban ecology and the importance of integrating ecology into cities for sustainability. It describes how urbanization can disrupt ecological functions and habitats. Green networks of interconnected natural areas can help mitigate these impacts by preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. Examples of green network elements are provided, including river restoration, urban nature preserves, wildlife crossings, and converting vacant lands and brownfields into natural areas. The document uses case studies like the Enz River in Germany and BP Park in Australia to illustrate successful green network projects.
Urban Intervention Practice involves participatory acts performed in cities to stimulate community involvement and create social awareness of urban issues. It has evolved from early church processions and festivals to include influential movements like Fluxus and the Situationists. Urban interventions are categorized as performative, social, political, or spatial. Examples provided include performance art, media art projects, interventions aimed at social impact or political provocation, and temporary architectural or land art installations.
This chapter discusses the evolution and industrialization of agriculture. It covers traditional agricultural practices like subsistence farming and pastoralism. It then outlines the three agricultural revolutions that transformed farming: 1) the initial domestication of plants and animals, 2) improvements in tools and farming techniques, and 3) the modern industrialization of agriculture through mechanization, chemicals, and global supply chains. The industrialization process is explored in depth, covering the replacement of human labor by machines, use of synthetic fertilizers and chemicals, and development of food processing industries. Impacts of these changes on the environment and food systems are also examined.
The document summarizes a lecture on the Landscape school of human geography and concepts of spatial analysis. It discusses key ideas from the Landscape school, including Sauer's focus on how cultural activities create distinct landscapes through time. It also reviews factors that shape natural and cultural landscapes, and how the landscape approach has evolved with less emphasis on determinism and a more holistic view. Spatial analysis is introduced as a parallel approach using quantitative methods to study relationships between physical and human geographic patterns.
There are two main categories of geography: physical geography and human geography. Physical geography studies the natural environment and phenomena like climatology, hydrology, biogeography, geomorphology, meteorology, and pedology. Human geography examines how human activities and societies are influenced by and change the environment, including areas like social, cultural, economic, behavioral, and political geography as well as urban geography. Both physical and human geography influence each other as natural and human forces shape the geographical features of the Earth.
Design Thesis - Strengthening Community Through the Post-Industrial LandscapeMatthew Greene
This document discusses post-industrial landscapes and abandoned industrial sites. It explores how these derelict landscapes came to be so prominent across urban areas after World War II due to physical and functional obsolescence. The document examines different views on how to manage post-industrial landscapes, such as brownfield redevelopment and industrial archeology. It argues that these landscapes are significant remnants of industrial heritage that provide lessons from history and incentives for restoration. The goal is to understand how the unique spatial, architectural, and cultural qualities of abandoned industrial sites can be reclaimed into vibrant social spaces.
This document provides an overview of Ecological Urbanism as a response to issues facing cities in the era of globalization. It discusses how globalization has led to increasing genericism and homogenization in cities, at the expense of local uniqueness and identity. Ecological Urbanism argues for an approach that considers the underlying dynamic processes and flows that shape urban environments, rather than just the physical form. It asserts that by understanding each place's natural environment, culture, economy, and history, cities can develop in a way that is adapted to local conditions but also engaged with global networks. Ecological Urbanism seeks to integrate natural and biotic systems with urban development patterns in a way that is sustainable and accounts for global interdependencies
The document describes a project in Savannah, GA that aims to reclaim materials from demolished public housing through community collaboration, turning waste into wealth. The project works with the local population to deconstruct buildings, reclaim valuable materials, and reintroduce them into the community in various ways in order to change perceptions of waste and generate local, equitable wealth.
Worksheet to accompany this is at www.tinyurl.com/mysocialmediaplan. Getting started in social media can be overwhelming for consultants. This presentation lays out a staged process for dipping your toe into this wonderful marketing channel. Workshop delivered to the Institute of Management Consultants New England Chapter.
Global marketing involves developing marketing strategies on a worldwide scale to take advantage of opportunities across borders. There are several major decisions in international marketing, including: deciding whether to go abroad by evaluating risks; deciding which markets to enter based on factors like costs and trade zones; deciding how to enter markets through various modes of entry; deciding on marketing program elements like standardized vs adapted approaches; deciding on pricing strategies; deciding on distribution channels; and deciding on marketing organization structures. International marketing requires customizing the marketing mix to different country conditions while maintaining a coordinated global strategy.
1) The document discusses the concept of a "Biophilic City" - a city designed to be in greater harmony with nature through increased biodiversity and green spaces. It argues there are economic benefits to such an approach.
2) Some potential economic benefits discussed include increased property values and tourism in more attractive cities with greater biodiversity and green spaces, health and productivity improvements from exposure to nature, reduced energy and infrastructure costs from urban greening and cooling, local food production reducing transportation costs, and carbon sequestration.
3) The document argues the economic case for "Biophilic Cities" has not been fully made yet but aspects like these could provide cities that adopt greater integration with nature an economic advantage
This document discusses how architects are increasingly focusing on issues of social justice and inclusion in their work. It argues that to adequately address climate change, architecture needs to engage both locally and globally. The document examines the concept of "insurgent citizenship" and alternative practices by marginalized groups. It suggests that to respond to climate change, architects need a reflexive approach that accounts for its complex multiscalar impacts and involves diverse actors across levels of governance. Architects should draw from both ethnographic understanding of local contexts and transformative visions that avoid the failures of past utopian plans.
Design embeds ideas in communication, artifacts and spaces in subtle and psychologically powerful ways. Feminist, class, race and indigenous scholars and activists describe how oppressions (how patriarchy, racism, colonialism, etc.) exist within institutions and also within cultural practices. The theory of symbolic violence sheds light on how design can function to naturalise oppressions and then obfuscate power relations around this process. Through symbolic violence, design can function as an enabler for the exploitation of certain groups of people and the environment they (and ultimately ‘we’) depend on to live. Design functions as symbolic violence when it is involved with the creation and reproduction of ideas, practices, processes and tools that result in structural and other types of violence (including ecocide).
Presentation and conversation at the Design Research Society 2016's Design + Research + Society: Future Focused Thinking conference. The University of Brighton. UK and then again at the Decolonising Design group’s Intersectional Perspectives on Design, Politics and Power at Malmo University in November 2016.
by
Dr. Joanna Boehnert, Research Fellow in Design, CREAM, University of Westminster + EcoLabs
Dr. Bianca Elzenbaumer, Research Fellow in Design, Leeds College of Art + Brave New Alps
Dimeji Onafuwa, PhD candidate, Carnegie Mellon University
This document provides an overview of a presentation on biophilic cities and integrating nature into urban design. It discusses the theoretical basis for combining biophilic and urban design concepts. Some key points include:
- Biophilia refers to humans' innate attraction to nature and living processes. Biophilic design aims to incorporate natural elements and inspire connections to nature in the built environment.
- Several principles of biophilic design are discussed, including providing access to nature in cities through urban forests and gardens.
- The presentation examines how place attachment and sense of place can be strengthened by connecting culture, history and ecology in urban design.
- Biophilic urban design approaches are applied at different scales from individual
Ecocene Design Economies: Three Ecologies of Systems TransitionsEcoLabs
Despite accumulative social and technological innovation, the design industry continues to face significant obstacles when addressing issues of sustainability. Climate change and other systemic ecological problems demands shifts on an order of magnitude well beyond the trajectory of business-as-usual. I will argue that these complex problems require addressing the epistemological error in knowledge systems reproducing unsustainable designed worlds. Ecological literacy is a basis for nature-inspired design. Ecologically engaged knowledge must inform design strategies across the psychological, the social and the environmental domains. With the expansive three ecologies perspective, interventions at the intersection of design and economics can enable systems transitions. This theoretical work informs a framing of the current epoch in ways that create a foundation for the creation of regenerative, distributed and redirected design economies.
Following the 2008 "Re-imaging Cities: Urban Design After the Age of Oil symposium, Penn IUR solicited manuscripts on environmental and energy challenges and their effect on the redesign of urban environments.
This document discusses the role of "greening" or environmental stewardship activities in building resilience after disasters or conflicts. It provides examples of how tree planting, memorial gardens, and fisheries management helped communities recover from events like 9/11 and wars in Iraq. The document argues that including local communities in greening activities can help social-ecological systems withstand disturbances by providing feedback and strengthening connections between people and nature. Policymakers are encouraged to support such efforts through funding, research, and integrating greening into emergency response plans to facilitate long-term adaptation to climate change impacts.
Cours Public 5: L’ANTHROPOCÈNE SERAIT-IL UN URBANOCÈNE? OU COMMENT L’URBANISA...EcoleUrbaineLyon
L’entrée dans l’anthropocène est directement liée à la phase intense d’urbanisation de la planète qui a débuté après la seconde guerre mondiale.
Cette hypothèse reprend celle dite de la « grande accélération » (Steffen), mais en se focalisant sur une part explicative souvent minorée par les études anthropocènes : le rôle effectif de l’urbanisation généralisée et des bouleversements géographiques, économiques, sociaux, culturels et politiques qui l’accompagnent. Il s’agira donc de cerner ce rôle et de l’examiner à toutes les échelles de temps et d’espace.
This document discusses several topics related to urban ecology, including urban wildlife, permaculture, city farming, human ecology, genetically modified foods, ecological urbanism, urban design and planning principles, new urbanism, and urban water systems. It explores how urbanization impacts the environment and hydrologic cycle, and introduces concepts like urban permaculture and city farming that aim to counteract environmental degradation in cities. Throughout, it sheds light on effects of urbanization and strategies people are employing to address them.
This document contains a lecture on sustainable materials and green buildings given by B. Bhattacharjee of the Civil Engineering Department at IIT Delhi. The lecture discusses the increasing global population and consumption placing unsustainable demands on resources. It introduces concepts like ecological footprint and carbon cycle to illustrate how human activity is exceeding the Earth's capacity. It notes that the carbon cycle is now out of balance due to rising CO2 levels, contributing to global warming and climate change. The document outlines key topics covered in the lecture including the role of construction materials, lowering cement consumption, and the importance of a building's envelope in creating sustainable structures.
This document discusses urban ecology and the importance of integrating ecology into cities for sustainability. It describes how urbanization can disrupt ecological functions and habitats. Green networks of interconnected natural areas can help mitigate these impacts by preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. Examples of green network elements are provided, including river restoration, urban nature preserves, wildlife crossings, and converting vacant lands and brownfields into natural areas. The document uses case studies like the Enz River in Germany and BP Park in Australia to illustrate successful green network projects.
Urban Intervention Practice involves participatory acts performed in cities to stimulate community involvement and create social awareness of urban issues. It has evolved from early church processions and festivals to include influential movements like Fluxus and the Situationists. Urban interventions are categorized as performative, social, political, or spatial. Examples provided include performance art, media art projects, interventions aimed at social impact or political provocation, and temporary architectural or land art installations.
This chapter discusses the evolution and industrialization of agriculture. It covers traditional agricultural practices like subsistence farming and pastoralism. It then outlines the three agricultural revolutions that transformed farming: 1) the initial domestication of plants and animals, 2) improvements in tools and farming techniques, and 3) the modern industrialization of agriculture through mechanization, chemicals, and global supply chains. The industrialization process is explored in depth, covering the replacement of human labor by machines, use of synthetic fertilizers and chemicals, and development of food processing industries. Impacts of these changes on the environment and food systems are also examined.
The document summarizes a lecture on the Landscape school of human geography and concepts of spatial analysis. It discusses key ideas from the Landscape school, including Sauer's focus on how cultural activities create distinct landscapes through time. It also reviews factors that shape natural and cultural landscapes, and how the landscape approach has evolved with less emphasis on determinism and a more holistic view. Spatial analysis is introduced as a parallel approach using quantitative methods to study relationships between physical and human geographic patterns.
There are two main categories of geography: physical geography and human geography. Physical geography studies the natural environment and phenomena like climatology, hydrology, biogeography, geomorphology, meteorology, and pedology. Human geography examines how human activities and societies are influenced by and change the environment, including areas like social, cultural, economic, behavioral, and political geography as well as urban geography. Both physical and human geography influence each other as natural and human forces shape the geographical features of the Earth.
Design Thesis - Strengthening Community Through the Post-Industrial LandscapeMatthew Greene
This document discusses post-industrial landscapes and abandoned industrial sites. It explores how these derelict landscapes came to be so prominent across urban areas after World War II due to physical and functional obsolescence. The document examines different views on how to manage post-industrial landscapes, such as brownfield redevelopment and industrial archeology. It argues that these landscapes are significant remnants of industrial heritage that provide lessons from history and incentives for restoration. The goal is to understand how the unique spatial, architectural, and cultural qualities of abandoned industrial sites can be reclaimed into vibrant social spaces.
This document provides an overview of Ecological Urbanism as a response to issues facing cities in the era of globalization. It discusses how globalization has led to increasing genericism and homogenization in cities, at the expense of local uniqueness and identity. Ecological Urbanism argues for an approach that considers the underlying dynamic processes and flows that shape urban environments, rather than just the physical form. It asserts that by understanding each place's natural environment, culture, economy, and history, cities can develop in a way that is adapted to local conditions but also engaged with global networks. Ecological Urbanism seeks to integrate natural and biotic systems with urban development patterns in a way that is sustainable and accounts for global interdependencies
The document describes a project in Savannah, GA that aims to reclaim materials from demolished public housing through community collaboration, turning waste into wealth. The project works with the local population to deconstruct buildings, reclaim valuable materials, and reintroduce them into the community in various ways in order to change perceptions of waste and generate local, equitable wealth.
Worksheet to accompany this is at www.tinyurl.com/mysocialmediaplan. Getting started in social media can be overwhelming for consultants. This presentation lays out a staged process for dipping your toe into this wonderful marketing channel. Workshop delivered to the Institute of Management Consultants New England Chapter.
Global marketing involves developing marketing strategies on a worldwide scale to take advantage of opportunities across borders. There are several major decisions in international marketing, including: deciding whether to go abroad by evaluating risks; deciding which markets to enter based on factors like costs and trade zones; deciding how to enter markets through various modes of entry; deciding on marketing program elements like standardized vs adapted approaches; deciding on pricing strategies; deciding on distribution channels; and deciding on marketing organization structures. International marketing requires customizing the marketing mix to different country conditions while maintaining a coordinated global strategy.
The project will use representations of the McRobies Gully landfill site in South Hobart to explore understandings of landscape and its relationship to human and non-human interactions. At the landfill site, humans, animals, birds and others interact in ways that challenge conventional perceptions of ecology. Issues around ecology and landscape representation are contested in Tasmania, and this site provides an opportunity to recalibrate shared understandings of waste and relations between humans and non-humans.
The presentation discusses a project exploring representations of the McRobies Gully landfill site in South Hobart, Tasmania. The project aims to develop representations of the site and relationships between human and non-human interactions occurring there. This will provide possibilities to recalibrate understandings of waste and relations between humans and nature. Examples of artworks framing themes of waste and transformational landscape relations are presented.
This document outlines Felix Wilson's research project exploring human-animal encounters in cities at night through photography and video. The research questions examine how imaging can engage viewers in considering the nocturnal city as habitat and speculate on shared experiences between humans and animals. The objectives are to offer new perspectives on this topic using a speculative visual poetics informed by theory and science. A list of common urban animal species is provided along with examples of relevant artistic works and an extensive bibliography.
The document provides an agenda for a technology services meeting discussing upcoming projects and initiatives. It includes summaries of installing LanSchool lab management software across secondary school computer labs, consolidating shared drives to reduce confusion, and upcoming mobile lab replacements at several schools. Meeting attendees are also reminded of Help Desk procedures and periodic technology services closure tag meeting dates.
These slides were from a talk I gave to a group of consultants who went to Harvard Business School at their monthly meeting. The theme was "thought leading." It was fun for me to trace the story of how my interest in IC developed and morphed over time into what we are now doing at Smarter Companies.
Quartz People is an electronic music project formed in 2007 by DJ/producers Rafi Levin and Vitor Fernandes in Amsterdam. They host a monthly party at the Winston Kingdom Club to expose new music and artists. Their music features heavy beats and electronic sounds between 125-130 BPM. They have also started a label called Quartz Lock Records to sell their music online.
ICA is a consulting firm that provides services related to foreign direct investment (FDI) including location selection and optimization. It has developed LocationSelector, a software tool with four modules that allows users to benchmark and analyze the competitiveness of over 200 countries and 350 cities based on over 400 factors. LocationSelector provides visualizations and rankings to help multinational companies and governments evaluate potential locations for investment projects and portsfolios.
We are a Field Marketing & Media Agency with our Regional Headquarters in the UAE and have a presence in 12 countries across the Middle East & Africa. We specialize in BTL Field Marketing Solutions with a focus on execution in the retail trade space, man-power outsourcing and Media Solutions to many multi-nationals and large scale local clients. In addition, we have a Media division in KSA with exclusive media rights in Panda, the leading supermarket chain in Saudi Arabia.
dré Mode is an event production company with over 15 years of experience in event planning and creative services. They specialize in logistics management, production, venue selection, entertainment coordination, and technical services to execute stylish events. dré Mode believes the key to successful events is acting as a central link between clients, sponsors, venues, and production elements to ensure high quality and efficient execution through organized coordination and communication.
Business Intelligence in SAP Environments: Understanding the value of complem...dcd2z
A white paper sponsored by Business Objects prior to the SAP acquistion to make the business case for complementary third-party BI instead of \'one-stop-shop\' SAP solutions.
Op basis van de adviesnota \'Binden en bouwen\' van de Rotterdamse raad voor Kunst en Cultuur (2010) worden 10 maatstaven gepresenteerd langswaar men cultureel ondernemerschap kan meten.
This annotated bibliography provides an overview of literature relevant to exploring representations of the McRobies Gully landfill site in Tasmania. The literature is divided into three sections: geographies of waste, aesthetics and ecological relations, and making landscapes. Key sources discuss waste as dependent on human culture rather than an inherent quality; critique linear understandings of waste in favor of complex networks; and analyze landscape as encoding political power and shaping human relationships with place over time through complex interrelations. Gaps in the literature regarding non-human animals' relationships with waste are also noted.
An Analysis Of Move-Strategy Structure And Functions Of Informality In Philip...Dereck Downing
The document discusses the impact of displacement phenomena on landscape identity using Janet Stephenson's Cultural Values Model. The model categorizes landscape into three components: forms (visible elements), practices (behaviors/functions), and relationships (collective meanings). Nine case studies from around the world are analyzed that experienced major displacement to one of the three components. The analysis aims to understand how the components interact over time and how displacement impacts landscape identity. Key findings show regular patterns in how displacement affects the structural and intangible systems that create or destroy a landscape's identity, beyond spatial and historical contexts.
The document discusses various environmental issues and how artists address these topics. It mentions issues like widening inequality, human impact on other species, consumption patterns, and ecological footprints. It profiles several artists like Chris Jordan who create large-scale portraits highlighting waste like plastic cups and discarded electronics. Another artist, Edward Burtynsky, photographs industrial sites. The introduction asks how understanding of nature is cultural and how the featured artists depict humanity's relationship with and impact on the environment.
This document describes an assembled digital museum created using Zooburst that examines the negative impacts of human activity on the environment. The museum contains three exhibits that focus on deforestation, chemical pollutants, and species extinction. Each exhibit uses visual elements in Zooburst to depict the issue and provide explanatory text. The museum is intended to raise awareness for middle and high school students about how human actions like deforestation, pollution, and urbanization are damaging ecosystems. The document analyzes how the museum addresses various literacies like visual, digital, and scientific literacy through direct student involvement in creating the interactive pop-up book format.
From Object to concept: environment, performance, and installation artDeborahJ
This document provides an overview of postmodern art movements that emerged in response to modernism, including minimalism, conceptual art, performance art, body art, earthworks, and installation art. It discusses how these genres emphasized ideas over visual forms, incorporated elements of theatre and audience participation, and challenged definitions of art. Key artists mentioned include Robert Morris, Joseph Kosuth, Vito Acconci, Chris Burden, Richard Serra, Michael Heizer, Robert Smithson, and Bruce Nauman. It also summarizes Michael Fried's criticism of minimalism and Rosalind Krauss' theory of sculpture's "expanded field."
This document summarizes the history of animal geography as a subfield within human geography. It discusses two early approaches - zoogeography which focused on animal distributions, and cultural animal geography which examined human-animal relations. It notes that by mid-20th century, animal geography had receded due to other fields taking over zoogeography work and criticisms of cultural geography. However, in the late 20th century, interest revived due to environmental activism, social theory incorporating animals, and research revealing animal cognition/culture. This led geographers to reconsider animals' subjectivity and role in nature-society relations.
The document provides an exhibition schedule for BRIC Rotunda Gallery from 2012-2013. It includes 6 exhibitions focusing on sculpture, design, photography, painting, and arts education. The first exhibition in September 2012 features emerging artists working in sculpture. Subsequent exhibitions explore design and sustainability in Brooklyn, cross-boundary photography, interactive new media, abstract and representational painting, the role of place in New York City, and celebrating 25 years of the Contemporary Art Student Exhibition.
The Relationship Between Fine art Practice and Space Assignment SampleInstant Assignment Help
Space is one of the most important things to consider in relation to art work outside the gallery. It is very important for all the artisans to give proper emphasis on the importance of space. Earlier no much consideration was given on the space, but later on it was found that for artist and the fine art, space plays very important role as it develops social relations. Till date many studies have conducted on drawing relationship between space and fine art, some of the most influential studies are that of Kathy Battista’s Performing Feminism (2011), C. Anna Chave’s Minimalism and Rhetoric of Power (1990), Brian O’Doherty’s (1976), etc. This essay focuses on the significance of space in the context of fine art more particularly between 1960 and 1985.
The document is an annotated bibliography for a presentation titled "Waste in Place: The McRobies Gully Tip as Landscape". It includes summaries and excerpts from 12 sources that relate to landscapes and waste. The sources discuss topics such as how we relate to rubbish, electronic waste circulation, the archaeology of garbage, aesthetics of nature, ecology without nature, landscape as a process, terra nullius doctrine, body and landscape as complementary terms, and landscape as both revealing and concealing. Questions or suggestions for the presentation are requested at the end.
The document provides an overview of modernist and postmodernist approaches in landscape design from the late 19th century to the late 20th century. It describes how modernist landscapes rejected traditional styles and embraced functionalism, anti-axial designs, and use of new materials. Key modernist designers like Thomas Church, Dan Kiley, and Lawrence Halprin are discussed. Postmodernist landscapes introduced historic motifs and references to challenge modernism, making designs more conceptual and exploring ideas of framing and experiencing nature. The document also outlines trends in the 20th century like the influence of art movements and focus on site conditions, ecology, and sense of community in designs.
1. Contemporary art incorporates modern characteristics and pays close attention to detail in one's creations.
2. Contemporary artists draw from a variety of viewpoints and try to challenge traditional practices and norms. They use everyday materials and technologies in innovative ways.
3. Contemporary art reflects current social issues and represents diverse communities and identities. Artists work with found objects and public spaces to promote balance.
This document analyzes four artworks with environmental themes. It summarizes each artwork as follows:
1) "Crocodile" by Daniel Mackie depicts a crying crocodile to represent habitat loss and humanity's destruction of the environment.
2) "Don't Mess with Mother Nature" by Jim Warren shows a boy sweeping trash into the sea as a storm approaches, symbolizing the consequences of pollution.
3) "Green Tree Frog" by Kevina Vulinec illustrates the frog camouflaged in its natural habitat, representing the importance of environmental balance.
4) "Animal Mural" by Laura Carlin uses tiles to depict endangered animals, alluding to humanity's responsibility
The document discusses emerging Arctic landscapes and the need for new approaches to understanding complex and changing northern territories. It describes a studio trip through Arctic regions of Norway and Russia that encountered varied landscapes undergoing transformations from traditional uses to new industrial and economic activities. The document advocates conceptualizing landscapes as dynamic and interconnected rather than static, and mapping potential futures rather than just documenting the present.
This document outlines a project to document everyday stories and journeys of students in Nottingham City Centre through tie-dye maps and a website. The team collected individual journeys over 5 days and mapped locations and correlations using Umapper. They created an abstract tie-dye map representing overlapping journeys and layered maps digitally in Photoshop. The project was influenced by artists who use mapping and layering like Hansen/Rubin, Hillier and Phillips. Future plans include an installation where the public can add their own journeys and replicating the project in other communities.
Art makes society an introductory visual essay.pdfShannon Green
This article discusses how art helps constitute social relations in four key ways:
1) Art creates sites for shared social interaction and participation.
2) People use art to create and assert models for social relations and represent social groups.
3) Art serves as cultural capital, marking members of society through shared knowledge or access.
4) Art can be used for exclusion or resisting authority, challenging power relations.
The article aims to move beyond viewing art as objects for individual aesthetic appreciation, and instead considers how art is integrated in cultural practices and social life.
are there formal/conceptual/theoretical tools that can expand the way we use cinema to present a more comprehensive ecological (ecocentric) ecopoetic view, over and above films that primarily address environmental/conservation themes?
-examine how methodologies in an art & ecology practice may serve to re-imagine relations/perceptions/politics towards the more-than-human
-what potentials are offered by new social networks
This document is a 1,502 word coursework submission for a module on Art, Performance and the City. It summarizes psychogeography as an approach to exploring cities that was defined by Guy Debord and the Situationist International in 1955 using techniques like deriving and détournement. It then analyzes several current art projects that use audio walks and playful interventions to psychogeographically map cities and uncover hidden histories, showing how psychogeography continues to influence art, cultural geography, and urban studies.
The document provides an introduction and notes on works featured in the exhibition "Utopia Ltd." held at the Highlanes Gallery. It summarizes each artist's work, how they explore utopian ideas through various mediums, and comments on how the works represent modernist architecture and design within a commodified 20th century society. The exhibition brings together seven artists who open up a debate on the utopian through painting, sculpture, architecture, design and video.
developments of human centered theoriesPooja Kumari
This document provides information about behaviouralism in geography. It discusses how behaviouralism developed due to dissatisfaction with positivist models based on economic rationality. The behavioural approach emphasizes subjective and decision-making variables that influence human-environment relationships. It lists the objectives and fundamental arguments of behavioural geography, including that people have environmental images that influence decision-making. The document also provides details about humanistic geography and its criticisms of quantitative models.
Enhance Your Viewing Experience with Gold IPTV- Tips and Tricks for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In the ever-evolving landscape of digital entertainment, IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) has emerged as a popular alternative to traditional cable and satellite TV services. Offering unparalleled flexibility, a vast selection of channels, and affordability, IPTV services like Gold IPTV have revolutionized the way we consume television content. This comprehensive guide will delve into everything you need to know about Gold IPTV, its features, benefits, setup process, and how it can enhance your viewing experience.
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Gamegreendigital
Introduction
Leonardo DiCaprio is synonymous with Hollywood stardom and acclaimed performances. has a unique connection with one of America's most beloved sports events—the Super Bowl. The "Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl" phenomenon combines the worlds of cinema and sports. drawing attention from fans of both domains. This article delves into the multifaceted relationship between DiCaprio and the Super Bowl. exploring his appearances at the event, His involvement in Super Bowl advertisements. and his cultural impact that bridges the gap between these two massive entertainment industries.
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Leonardo DiCaprio: The Hollywood Icon
Early Life and Career Beginnings
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio was born in Los Angeles, California, on November 11, 1974. His journey to stardom began at a young age with roles in television commercials and educational programs. DiCaprio's breakthrough came with his portrayal of Luke Brower in the sitcom "Growing Pains" and later as Tobias Wolff in "This Boy's Life" (1993). where he starred alongside Robert De Niro.
Rise to Stardom
DiCaprio's career skyrocketed with his performance in "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" (1993). earning him his first Academy Award nomination. He continued to gain acclaim with roles in "Romeo + Juliet" (1996) and "Titanic" (1997). the latter of which cemented his status as a global superstar. Over the years, DiCaprio has showcased his versatility in films like "The Aviator" (2004). "Start" (2010), and "The Revenant" (2015), for which he finally won an Academy Award for Best Actor.
Environmental Activism
Beyond his film career, DiCaprio is also renowned for his environmental activism. He established the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation in 1998, focusing on global conservation efforts. His commitment to ecological issues often intersects with his public appearances. including those related to the Super Bowl.
The Super Bowl: An American Institution
History and Significance
The Super Bowl is the National Football League (NFL) championship game. is one of the most-watched sporting events in the world. First played in 1967, the Super Bowl has evolved into a cultural phenomenon. featuring high-profile halftime shows, memorable advertisements, and significant media coverage. The event attracts a diverse audience, from avid sports fans to casual viewers. making it a prime platform for celebrities to appear.
Entertainment and Advertisements
The Super Bowl is not only about football but also about entertainment. The halftime show features performances by some of the biggest names in the music industry. while the commercials are often as anticipated as the game itself. Companies invest millions in Super Bowl ads. creating iconic and sometimes controversial commercials that capture public attention.
Leonardo DiCaprio's Super Bowl Appearances
A Celebrity Among the Fans
Leonardo DiCaprio's presence at the Super Bowl has noted several times. As a high-profile celebrity. DiCaprio attracts
The cats, Sunny and Rishi, are brothers who live with their sister, Jessica, and their grandmother, Susie. They work as cleaners but wish to seek other kinds of employment that are better than their current jobs. New career adventures await Sunny and Rishi!
Taylor Swift: Conquering Fame, Feuds, and Unmatched Success | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
From country star to global phenomenon, delve into Taylor Swift's incredible journey. Explore chart-topping hits, feuds, & her rise to billionaire status!
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Explore Treydora's VR economy, where users can trade virtual assets, earn rewards, and build digital wealth within immersive game environments. Learn more!
Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix: Unveiling the Intriguing Hypothesisgreendigital
In celebrity mysteries and urban legends. Few narratives capture the imagination as the hypothesis that Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix. This fascinating theory posits that the iconic actor and the legendary guitarist are, in fact, the same person. While this might seem like a far-fetched notion at first glance. a deeper exploration reveals a rich tapestry of coincidences, speculative connections. and a surprising alignment of life events fueling this captivating hypothesis.
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Introduction to the Hypothesis: Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix
The idea that Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix stems from a mix of historical anomalies, physical resemblances. and a penchant for myth-making that surrounds celebrities. While Jimi Hendrix's official death in 1970 is well-documented. some theorists suggest that Hendrix did not die but instead reinvented himself as Morgan Freeman. a man who would become one of Hollywood's most revered actors. This article aims to delve into the various aspects of this hypothesis. examining its origins, the supporting arguments. and the cultural impact of such a theory.
The Genesis of the Theory
Early Life Parallels
The hypothesis that Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix begins by comparing their early lives. Jimi Hendrix, born Johnny Allen Hendrix in Seattle, Washington, on November 27, 1942. and Morgan Freeman, born on June 1, 1937, in Memphis, Tennessee, have lived very different lives. But, proponents of the theory suggest that the five-year age difference is negligible and point to Freeman's late start in his acting career as evidence of a life lived before under a different identity.
The Disappearance and Reappearance
Jimi Hendrix's death in 1970 at the age of 27 is a well-documented event. But, theorists argue that Hendrix's death staged. and he reemerged as Morgan Freeman. They highlight Freeman's rise to prominence in the early 1970s. coinciding with Hendrix's supposed death. Freeman's first significant acting role came in 1971 on the children's television show "The Electric Company," a mere year after Hendrix's passing.
Physical Resemblances
Facial Structure and Features
One of the most compelling arguments for the hypothesis that Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix lies in the physical resemblance between the two men. Analyzing photographs, proponents point out similarities in facial structure. particularly the cheekbones and jawline. Both men have a distinctive gap between their front teeth. which is rare and often highlighted as a critical point of similarity.
Voice and Mannerisms
Supporters of the theory also draw attention to the similarities in their voices. Jimi Hendrix known for his smooth, distinctive speaking voice. which, according to some, resembles Morgan Freeman's iconic, deep, and soothing voice. Additionally, both men share certain mannerisms. such as their calm demeanor and eloquent speech patterns.
Artistic Parallels
Musical and Acting Talents
Jimi Hendrix was regarded as one of t
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How OTT Players Are Transforming Our TV Viewing Experience.pdfGenny Knight
The advent of Over-The-Top (OTT) players has brought a seismic shift in the television industry, transforming how we consume media. These digital platforms, which deliver content directly over the internet, have outpaced traditional cable and satellite television, offering unparalleled convenience, variety, and personalization. Here’s an in-depth look at how OTT players are revolutionizing the TV viewing experience.
How OTT Players Are Transforming Our TV Viewing Experience.pdf
Artefact Survey
1. Felix Wilson 1
Artefact Survey
The project Waste in Place: The McRobies Gully Tip as Landscape will use
representations of the McRobies Gully landfill site in South Hobart to explore
contemporary understandings of landscape and its relationship to the
aesthetics of human and non-human relations.
Humans, animals, birds and others interact in ways that challenge
conventional understandings of ecology on the site. The project will develop
representations of the site and the relations occurring there that afford
possibilities for recalibrating shared aesthetic understandings of waste and
relations between human and non-human.
This artefact survey discusses works by ten artists that provide context for the
project. The first section, framing waste discusses art practices that have used
waste as a device for discussing and critiquing existing social, economic, and
environmental perspectives. Section two, transformational relations takes a
broader view and discusses works that have sought to provoke consideration
of the place of human beings and their relations to animals, objects, or place.
The conclusion briefly discusses the implications of the works discussed for
the practical and theoretical aspects of the project.
3. Felix Wilson 3
Arman (b. Armand Pierre Fernandez) Poubelle 1, 1960, Household garbage
in a plastic box, 20,5 x 28,1 x 5,1 inches, viewed 21 April 2013,
<http://www.arman-studio.com/RawFiles/000852.html>.
French artist Arman’s Poubelle I is a plastic container holding household
waste.
Arman’s work uses the the raw materials of the waste of a French household,
and like Italo Calvino’s essay La Poubelle Agréée (2009) he uses this to
explore issues of cultural value, materiality and the metaphysical
transformation an object undergoes when it becomes waste.
The presentation of such mundane materials as art was intended as a
deliberate provocation to conventional artistic values and practices, following
Duchamp (Alfred 2012). It provides a foundation that many artists working
with waste have built upon, and although formally different from many later
works, it seems to prefigure the concerns of a later generation of artists who
used waste to explore issues related to human impact and environmental
change.
This work presents the viewer with what was intended to be removed from
view, challenging perceptions of artistic practice and the relationship of
people and objects. For the McRobies Gully Project, this provides a
foundational example of how waste can be used to examine wider concerns.
4. Felix Wilson 4
Muniz, V, Marat (Sebastião), 2009, photographic print, dimensions unknown,
viewed 23 April 2013, <http://vikmuniz.net/wp-
content/uploads/2012/01/Marat-Sebastiao-61x79.jpg>.
Brazilian artist Vik Muniz’s Marat (Sebastião) is a photograph of garbage
arranged to form an image, based on a photograph made by the artist, in the
style of David’s Marat, of a garbage picker on a Rio de Janeiro landfill site.
The documentary Waste Land (Walker 2010) followed Muniz as he worked
with a group of garbage pickers. By photographing them striking poses from
historically significant art works and then recreating the images on a large
scale using garbage collected by them, Muniz engaged them in the history of
art and cultural production and by returning the profits from the sale of the
works at auction he provided a means for them to change their lives.
The complex relations between art history, social activism and artistic
practice embodied in this project provide a rich example of the use of waste
in art to challenge and attempt to change existing social conditions. The
focus on the social aspects of waste differs from the intent of the McRobies
Gully project, however the dissolving of the human figure into the ground of
waste in Muniz’s image suggests complex relationships between humans and
waste objects that the project seeks to explore.
5. Felix Wilson 5
Chris Jordan, Untitled (from series Midway: Message from the Gyre), 2009,
photographic print, dimensions unknown, viewed 23 April 2013,
<http://www.chrisjordan.com/gallery/midway/#CF000478%2019x25>.
United States artist Chris Jordan’s photographs represent the human impact
on the environment by depicting dead albatross on a remote atoll.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is an enormous collection of plastic debris
in the Pacific Ocean. It is picked up by albatross feeding in the area and fed
to their chicks, often causing death. Jordan’s intent is to raise awareness of
the problem, however in representing the problem visually it is simplified;
recent research has shown that some species benefit from the increased
plastic (Goldstein, Rosenberg & Cheng 2012).
Jordan’s work deliberately confronts the viewer, instead of waste contained
by Perspex as in Arman’s Poubelle I, the waste is in the ‘container’ of an
Albatross corpse. The use of an aerial perspective is similar to Vik Muniz’s
depictions of waste, however Jordan’s image brings the viewer closer and
reveals our complicity by emphasising familiar plastic objects.
Birds are highly culturally resonant and Jordan’s use of the albatross suggests
that depicting highly symbolic non-human species can engage viewers in
ways that depicting objects don’t, suggesting that depicting the birds and
animals that use the site can draw viewers into a complex narrative about
waste and human impact.
6. Felix Wilson 6
Burtynsky, E, China Recycling #5, Phone Dials, Zeguo, Zhejiang Province,
2004, photographic print, dimensions unknown, viewed 24 April 2013,
<http://www.edwardburtynsky.com/WORKS/China/>.
Canadian artist Edward Burtynsky’s photograph of telephone dials at a
Chinese recycling facility addresses issues of human impact on the
environment.
In Burtynsky’s images China, which has rapidly become the largest exporter
of consumer goods in the world (Yueh 2010) becomes a symbol of human
the impact of global consumerism. Burnett (2010) suggests Burtynsky’s
Chinese images have a monumental quality, in their depiction of the sheer
scale and materiality of waste they suggest overwhelming forces beyond the
agency of individuals.
This vision of waste and environmental destruction on an enormous scale
cannot be applied to the McRobies Gully site, which is modest in size and in
close proximity to significant remnant vegetation. Rather than focussing on
overwhelming impact and scale the project will explore the subtle relations
between humans and non-humans occurring on the site, these are aspects of
waste that Burtynsky’s work tends to ignore.
7. Felix Wilson 7
Hugo, P, Aissah Salifu, 2010, Photographic print, dimensions unknown.
Viewed 23 April 2013, <http://www.pieterhugo.com/permanent-error/>.
South African artist Pieter Hugo’s Aissah Salifu depicts a lone human figure in
a gloomy and fume-ridden atmosphere on a site in Ghana that is used for
recycling electronic waste, combining a mediaeval vision of hell with more
contemporary dystopian imagery.
Hugo uses a similar strategy to Jordan; including familiar objects such as
computer monitors relate the scene to the viewer’s use and disposal of
technology. This emphasis on relations is heightened by the accusatory stare
of the subject. Lepawsky and Mather (2011) argue against conceptions of
electronic waste that do not take into account the complexity of the networks
of production and consumption of objects, pointing out there is no clear
beginning or end to the use of materials. Accepting this, Hugo’s work
becomes an image from a point in time of global production systems,
suggesting the damage to people and animals inherent in this complex
network.
For the McRobies Gully Project, this work suggests that objects familiar to the
viewer can draw them directly into relations with the subject of the
representation, potentially to consider their own role in the network of
production and consumption. The emphasis on the negative aspects is not
something that the project aims at, but these are inherent in any discussion
of waste.
9. Felix Wilson 9
Smithson, R, Asphalt Rundown, Rome, Italy, 1969, Sculptural work,
dimensions variable, viewed 24 April 2013,
<http://www.robertsmithson.com/earthworks/asphalt.htm>.
United States artist Robert Smithson’s Asphalt Rundown was a performance
in which the artist poured liquid asphalt down a hill on the outskirts of Rome.
In direct contrast to Arman, who contains waste, Smithson was interested in
the entropic release and movement of raw materials (Casey 2005). Although
the asphalt in Smithson’s work is not waste, by pouring it into the quarry and
allowing it to take form over the ground’s surface, Smithson’s gesture relates
directly to landfill practices and to the quotation from Heraclitus he
references in A Sedimentation of the Mind (Smithson & Flam 1996):
The most beautiful world is like a heap of rubble tossed down in confusion
Smithson’s work that involved directly altering the surface of the earth
challenged contemporary environmental thinking about how human beings
should relate to land and his exploration of relations between site and non-
site provide a framework for thinking about the relations between a gallery
site and the represented site in the McRobies Gully project, as well as for
reconsidering waste as something purposeful.
10. Felix Wilson 10
Baltz, L, South Corner, Riccar America, 3184 Pullman, Costa Mesa, 1974,
Photographic print, dimensions unknown, viewed 25 April 2013,
<http://www.npr.org/blogs/pictureshow/2009/06/topographics.html>.
United States artist Lewis Baltz’s photograph South Corner, Riccar America,
3184 Pullman, Costa Mesa depicts a recently constructed industrial facility in
California.
The image was included in the 1975 New Topographics exhibition that
marked a significant shift in photographic representations of the
environment. The use of large format camera and black and white film
provide a stark, minimalist quality with subtle tonal gradations. The imagery
represents a significant and deliberate break from established traditions of
landscape photography of the American West.
Greg Foster-Rice (2010) argues that this work represents a systematic
approach to landscape imagery. Systems analysis was an established mode
of analysing economic and environmental relations when Baltz made the
work and the emphasis on diagrammatic modes of analysis fed into a
systematic aesthetic that criticised the economic rationality behind the
architecture and land use practices that were becoming dominant.
Baltz’s work provides an example of photographic imagery affording
consideration of systematic relations between the site pictured and the wider
social context, and in this way is highly relevant to the McRobies Gully
Project.
11. Felix Wilson 11
Selig, S, Rivers Recording the Universe (Tokyo) (installation view), 2008-9,
Installation: dimensions variable, viewed 18 April 2013,
<http://www.milanigallery.com.au/artwork/rivers-recording-universe-tokyo-
5>.
Australian artist Sandra Selig’s video based installation Rivers recording the
universe (Tokyo) uses multiple screens in a darkened space to create an
immersive experience of the cosmic.
The installation consists of multiple semi-transparent screens hung at varying
heights and angles in a darkened space, these receive images from
projectors mounted out of sight. The videos are looped recordings of the
surface of bodies of water in Tokyo, which reflect lights from the city in
shimmering patterns. The work offers experience rather than didactic
information transfer, allowing viewers to reflect on their own perception and
sense of time and space. The title of the work alludes to a particular site, but
also to the cosmic scale evoked by the experiential aspects of the work.
This work offers a poetic and metaphorical approach to issues of scale and
human relations with space and light that resonate with possibilities. The
implications of this work for the project are that metaphor and poetic
interpretation of a site can provide a viewer with an experience that
encourages deep reflection. The use of video and the display strategies used
are both excellent examples of how an artist can transform perception and
engage viewers with complex issues using simple apparatus.
12. Felix Wilson 12
Coates, M. Dawn Chorus (still from video), 2007, Multiple videos, dimensions
variable, viewed 21 April 2013,
<http://www.artscouncilcollection.org.uk/images/exhibitions/chaffinch1141.p
ng>.
British artist Marcus Coates’ video work Dawn Chorus explores human and
non-human relations using bird song.
The artist made recordings of wild birds then slowed them enough to allow
individual members of an amateur choir to sing along. Each singer was
recorded in their home or workplace around dawn, and sang the call of a
particular species. The result is a series of video recordings of this singing,
which are played back at the speed of the original bird song, allowing the
audience to experience humans singing indistinguishably from birds.
Coates explores the blurred line dividing humans from animals, deftly
managing to engage audiences with humour while provoking consideration
of the role of animals in human lives and human connections to site and
environment.
The relevance of this work to the project is in its entangling of human and
non-humans. Like Chris Jordan, Coates recognises the symbolic importance
of birds to human cultures, and uses this to engage viewers with a powerful
metaphor about coexistence and the commonalities of birds and human
beings. This work offers possibilities for representation or interaction with the
birds and animals of the McRobies Gully site in the project.
13. Felix Wilson 13
Yun, C, Constellation (installation view), 2006, installation: dimensions
variable, viewed 23 April 2013, <http://www.chuyun.net/>.
Chinese artist Chu Yun’s Constellation is an installation consisting of
household electrical appliances in a darkened space.
As the viewer enters the space, small coloured lights appear at varied depths
in the space. This produces a mildly disorienting effect; a loss of scale, and it
is only with the gradual transition in the viewer’s perceptual processes that
the mundane quality of the room is apparent; the lights are simply the small
standby power indicators on a range of household electrical appliances.
Standby power has become an environmental concern; some research
indicates that up to one quarter of a household’s power consumption may be
from appliances on standby. (Clement, Pardon & Driesen 2007; Ross & Meier
2001). Reading Yun’s work in this light gives it a more ominous tone, however
this is not an explicit aim of the artist, the interaction between objects and
human perception seems to be at the core of the work.
Yun’s articulation of multiple concerns about human presence, perception
and relations with familiar objects suggests possibilities for the poetic
interpretation of the complex relations on the McRobies Gully site. The use
of familiar objects echoes Arman’s use of the mundane to challenge
perceptions, although the container for Yun’s work is a darkened room, both
artist’s work suggests the power of unmediated objects to invoke meaning
and to experience transformation.
14. Felix Wilson 14
To conclude, the works discussed in the first section Framing Waste are
thematically relevant and provide a window into artistic practices involving
waste, highlighting photographic work that has dealt with waste as an
environmental and social issue. These works tend to use waste to challenge
existing understandings of consumption and value and to highlight
environmental damage associated with waste.
This project is grounded in a photographic approach, however experiments
with video and sound and other techniques are ongoing, and the project’s
final practical outcomes have not been decided. The works in the second
section, Transformational Relations include a range of technical approaches
that set a tone for how these experiments might be presented and resolved.
These works share common concerns but they are broad, framing questions
in modes that reveal complexity rather than promote didactic simplification.
By engaging with perceptual processes and awareness of the nature of our
understanding through diverse practical strategies they implicate and
entangle the viewer in a complex mesh of coexistence.
The project’s aims are to create a body of work in response to the site that
affords new possibilities for imagining the site as a place of relations between
human and non-human. The artworks discussed above, read as a whole, give
glimpses of possibilities for how to achieve this.
15. Felix Wilson 15
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