1. The document provides information on important terms and periods in ancient Chinese history, including the Shang Dynasty (1700-1027 BCE), Western and Eastern Zhou (1027-771 BCE), Warring States Period (770-221 BCE), Qin Dynasty (221-207 BCE), Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE), and Three Kingdoms Period (220-280 CE).
2. It also discusses key figures like Confucius and Laozi, as well as cultural developments like Taoism, bronze vessels, and the terracotta army of Qin Shi Huang.
3. The document then focuses on the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE), Northern and Southern Song Dynasty
Amaravati Stupa - Featured COMMENTS
Amaravati Stupa great monuments at Amaravati are all in ruins. Practically nothing is left on the site. however , a large number of slabs of white or grey limestone resembling marble that forms parts of panels, friezes, rails and pillars recovered from the old site
https://www.swamirara.com//
Amaravati Stupa - Featured COMMENTS
Amaravati Stupa great monuments at Amaravati are all in ruins. Practically nothing is left on the site. however , a large number of slabs of white or grey limestone resembling marble that forms parts of panels, friezes, rails and pillars recovered from the old site
https://www.swamirara.com//
The PPP is for the students of UG and PG only. Not for my API.
For more pics of Chola period-
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?i=1&search=chola
Permata sejarah, keajaiban dunia dan warisan serta kekayaan yang tak ternilai harganya, yang membuat iri bangsa lain di Dunia dan membanggakan Ibu Pertiwi
A Brief History of Chinese Painting 3.0Jerry Daperro
A brief history of chinese paintings - 中國美術史
Two approaches to painting arts.
The development of Chinese painting took a different path to that of the West. In this very brief on the Chinese painting, we can see how culture, politics and society had shaped its development. In the West, religion and commissioning system have played a very important part in the history of western painting. Buddhism and Daoism in Chinese had the same kind of influence on Chinese paintings as its Western counterpart. But instead the imperial court and the intelligentsia were more important to the development of Chinese painting.
The two approaches were played to two different audiences. In the West it mainly aimed to the public and hang on palaces. In China paintings were appreciated in private, by individual and more likely to be found in library or private studies.
17 Aug 2016.
A slideshow connected to a lecture of Islamic Art available at Art History Teaching Resources (http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/), written by Leila Anne Harris.
In the agricultural society of South Asia the land is considered as the factor of reproduction and fertility, and in most societies, women have been considered as the human counterpart of land-fertility and reproduction.
In this presentation, some of the visual evidence from Gandhara will be taken under consideration and will be discussed to evaluate the different developmental phases of goddess worship during Kushana Kingdom.
The PPP is for the students of UG and PG only. Not for my API.
For more pics of Chola period-
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?i=1&search=chola
Permata sejarah, keajaiban dunia dan warisan serta kekayaan yang tak ternilai harganya, yang membuat iri bangsa lain di Dunia dan membanggakan Ibu Pertiwi
A Brief History of Chinese Painting 3.0Jerry Daperro
A brief history of chinese paintings - 中國美術史
Two approaches to painting arts.
The development of Chinese painting took a different path to that of the West. In this very brief on the Chinese painting, we can see how culture, politics and society had shaped its development. In the West, religion and commissioning system have played a very important part in the history of western painting. Buddhism and Daoism in Chinese had the same kind of influence on Chinese paintings as its Western counterpart. But instead the imperial court and the intelligentsia were more important to the development of Chinese painting.
The two approaches were played to two different audiences. In the West it mainly aimed to the public and hang on palaces. In China paintings were appreciated in private, by individual and more likely to be found in library or private studies.
17 Aug 2016.
A slideshow connected to a lecture of Islamic Art available at Art History Teaching Resources (http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/), written by Leila Anne Harris.
In the agricultural society of South Asia the land is considered as the factor of reproduction and fertility, and in most societies, women have been considered as the human counterpart of land-fertility and reproduction.
In this presentation, some of the visual evidence from Gandhara will be taken under consideration and will be discussed to evaluate the different developmental phases of goddess worship during Kushana Kingdom.
This slideshow is the fourth of a series of Ancient Art –Egyptian, Greek, Roman and Chinese. Part of the material was from A015 Ancient Chinese Bronze and part from A041-Jade. But many new slides were add and many were discarded and modified. It is mainly divided into four sections –Pre-historic China, Bronze Age, Iron Age of Qin and Han with two important section on SanXingDue and Dian Kingdom. 10 May 2021.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
8. The Terracotta armies of Qin Shi Huang
The Terracotta armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of
China.
The figures, dating from 210 BC, were discovered in 1974 by
some local farmers in Shaanxi province, near the Mausoleum of
the First Qin The figures vary in height, according to their roles,
the tallest being the generals.
The figures include warriors, chariots, horses, officials, acrobats,
strongmen and musicians.
Current estimates are that in the three pits containing the terracotta
army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses
and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried in
the
pits.
9.
10.
11.
12. Chinese bronzeware is categorized according to use:Chinese bronzeware is categorized according to use:
1.1. Sacrificial vesselsSacrificial vessels
2.2. Wine vesselsWine vessels
3.3. Food vesselsFood vessels
4.4. Water vesselsWater vessels
5.5. Musical instrumentsMusical instruments
6.6. WeaponsWeapons
7.7. Measuring containersMeasuring containers
8.8. Ancient moneyAncient money
13. Types of Chinese Ritual Vessels—BronzeTypes of Chinese Ritual Vessels—Bronze
Divided according to typesDivided according to types
With legs/lids/handlesWith legs/lids/handles
Without legs/lids/handlesWithout legs/lids/handles
With different types of shapes/purposesWith different types of shapes/purposes
AA DingDing ((ting) is an ancient vessel with legs, a lid and a handle onting) is an ancient vessel with legs, a lid and a handle on
either side.either side.
A Ding is made in two shapes with round vessels having threeA Ding is made in two shapes with round vessels having three
legs.legs.
A Ding, originally made of ceramic, was cast in bronze during theA Ding, originally made of ceramic, was cast in bronze during the
Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE).Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE).
Used for cooking, storage and storage of ritual offerings toUsed for cooking, storage and storage of ritual offerings to
ancestors.ancestors.
14. Chinese pronunciation systemChinese pronunciation system
PinyinPinyin isis Mandarin pronunciation systemMandarin pronunciation system
It’s now the official system to transcribe Chinese characters toIt’s now the official system to transcribe Chinese characters to
teach Mandarin Chinese in China, Hong Kong, Malaysia,teach Mandarin Chinese in China, Hong Kong, Malaysia,
Singapore and Taiwan.Singapore and Taiwan.
It is also often used to spell Chinese names in foreignIt is also often used to spell Chinese names in foreign
publications and used as an input method to enter Chinesepublications and used as an input method to enter Chinese
characters into computers.characters into computers.
The system was developed by Zhou Youguang (b. 1906), whoThe system was developed by Zhou Youguang (b. 1906), who
led a government committee in developing the system in Chinaled a government committee in developing the system in China
(PRC) in the 1950s.(PRC) in the 1950s.
The system was published by the Chinese government in 1958The system was published by the Chinese government in 1958
and adopted as official pronunciation system.and adopted as official pronunciation system.
15. Vessels…..continuedVessels…..continued
Originally there were Nine Dings which were believed to haveOriginally there were Nine Dings which were believed to have
been cast by King Yu of the Xia Dynasty when he divided hisbeen cast by King Yu of the Xia Dynasty when he divided his
territory into Nine Provinces calledterritory into Nine Provinces called JiuzhouJiuzhou..
Later on, possession of all nine was considered a sign ofLater on, possession of all nine was considered a sign of
rightful authority over all.rightful authority over all.
Owning even a few Dings was a symbol of power and socialOwning even a few Dings was a symbol of power and social
status.status.
The whereabouts of the nine dings are presently unknown, butThe whereabouts of the nine dings are presently unknown, but
are said to have been lost during the imperial Qin Dynastyare said to have been lost during the imperial Qin Dynasty
(221-206 BCE).(221-206 BCE).
16. Vessels, continuedVessels, continued
LiLi
GuGu
Used for three purposes: to hold millet wine, food and water.Used for three purposes: to hold millet wine, food and water.
Vessels with their long feet were used for cookingVessels with their long feet were used for cooking
Decoration and InscriptionsDecoration and Inscriptions
Display typicalDisplay typical TaotieTaotie pattern with a dragon motif (Taotie mask).pattern with a dragon motif (Taotie mask).
The first inscriptions of the bronze vessels are clan insignia,The first inscriptions of the bronze vessels are clan insignia,
or names of persons (dead ancestors).or names of persons (dead ancestors).
Ancestor veneration/worshipAncestor veneration/worship
17. VesselsVessels
LiLi - a round-bellied food container with three hollow- a round-bellied food container with three hollow
legs from early Shang times to late Warring States.legs from early Shang times to late Warring States.
Typical for this vessel type is the seamless, smoothTypical for this vessel type is the seamless, smooth
transition from the legs into the body that makes thetransition from the legs into the body that makes the lili
optically more slim than theoptically more slim than the dingding type.type.
There are mixed forms calledThere are mixed forms called li-dingli-ding oror ding-li.ding-li.
18. VesselsVessels
YanYan - combination of- combination of lili and a pot (and a pot (zengzeng) from early Shang to) from early Shang to
Spring and Autumn period.Spring and Autumn period.
TheThe yanyan was a kind of metal steamer.was a kind of metal steamer.
The food was put in theThe food was put in the zengzeng, the water in the, the water in the lili was heatedwas heated
by a fire between the three legs.by a fire between the three legs.
The water vapor rose through holes or a grid in the bottom ofThe water vapor rose through holes or a grid in the bottom of
the upper pot.the upper pot.
There exist objects with one long stove-likeThere exist objects with one long stove-like lili and three potsand three pots
upon. From Western Zhou on, we also find squareupon. From Western Zhou on, we also find square yanyan vessels.vessels.
The character indicates that the vessel had a ceramic origin.The character indicates that the vessel had a ceramic origin.
19. VesselsVessels
JueJue - one of the oldest wine mugs, the earliest dates- one of the oldest wine mugs, the earliest dates
from the Erlitou culture.from the Erlitou culture.
TheThe jue'sjue's typical features are long, canal-like beaktypical features are long, canal-like beak
and shorter counterpart on the other side.and shorter counterpart on the other side.
On both sides, small handles (On both sides, small handles (panpan) are fitted. From) are fitted. From
the Shang dynasty on,the Shang dynasty on, juejue beaks are crowned by onebeaks are crowned by one
or twoor two zhuzhu buttons.buttons.
This vessel type has been very popular and wasThis vessel type has been very popular and was
copied often. It has been in use until the introductioncopied often. It has been in use until the introduction
of bowls and cups during Song dynasty.of bowls and cups during Song dynasty.
20. A standard vessel used for food sacrifice to ancestors. Although a ding is three
legged, there are examples of four legged vessels, especially in ancient times.
The four-legged is called fangding (square ding).
25. Quang, ritual wine pouring vessel from Shang dynasty, Anyang period, about
12th–11th century BCE.
Used for sacrificial purposes. It is said that a person who did offend against
the etiquette had to drink to the health of his host until he was drunk.
26. A Gong bronze vessel with animalistic motif
13-11 century B.C., late Shang Dynasty
27. A gū ritual wine vessel, 12-11th
century BCE, Shang Dynasty
30. A Western Zhou bronze
gui vessel, c. 1000 BCE.
In the Chinese historical
tradition, the Zhou
defeated the Shang and
oriented the Shang system
of ancestor worship
towards a universalized
worship, away from the
worship of Shangdi and to
that of Tian or "heaven".
They legitimized their rule
by invoking the "Mandate
of Heaven," the notion that
the ruler (the "Son of
Heaven") governed by
divine right and that his
dethronement would prove
that he had lost the
Mandate. Disasters and
successful rebellions
would thus show that the
ruling family had lost this
Mandate.
34. Han nobles, a Chinese painting on a ceramic tile from a tomb near Luoyang, Henan province.
Dated Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220 CE).
35. Detail of a
painting by
HAN KAN
a celebrated
painter of the
court, c.742-756.
"Night-Shining
White" is
described as the
favorite mount of
the Tang Emperor
Ming-huang.
The work is a
hand scroll, in ink
on paper.
Metropolitan
Museum of Art
37. Court ladies at work, Han Dynasty, inspired by Confucius teaching
38. Spring Outing of the Tang Court by Zhang Xuan, Tang Dynasty, c. 8th century
39. The Sung/Song DynastyThe Sung/Song Dynasty
TheThe Song DynastySong Dynasty (960–1279)(960–1279)
It’sIt’s divided into two distinct periods: thedivided into two distinct periods: the
Northern Song and Southern Song.Northern Song and Southern Song.
During theDuring the Northern SongNorthern Song the capital was inthe capital was in
the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng)the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng)
and the dynasty controlled most of innerand the dynasty controlled most of inner
China.China.
40.
41. Art of Northern Song DynastyArt of Northern Song Dynasty
The Song dynasty (960–1279) was culturally the mostThe Song dynasty (960–1279) was culturally the most
brilliant era in later imperial Chinese history.brilliant era in later imperial Chinese history.
A time of great social and economic change, the period inA time of great social and economic change, the period in
large measure shaped the intellectual and political climatelarge measure shaped the intellectual and political climate
of China down to the twentieth century.of China down to the twentieth century.
The first half of this era, when the capital was located atThe first half of this era, when the capital was located at
Bianliang (modern Kaifeng), is known as the NorthernBianliang (modern Kaifeng), is known as the Northern
Song period (960-1126).Song period (960-1126).
The early Northern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) witnessedThe early Northern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) witnessed
the flowering of one of the supreme artistic expressions ofthe flowering of one of the supreme artistic expressions of
Chinese civilization: monumental landscape painting.Chinese civilization: monumental landscape painting.
42. Paintings during Song Dynasty 960-1279Paintings during Song Dynasty 960-1279
Towering achievements in intellectual, artistic and materialTowering achievements in intellectual, artistic and material
culture took placeculture took place
Values and patterns of culture were planted during the TangValues and patterns of culture were planted during the Tang
Dynasty in an embryonic formDynasty in an embryonic form
During the Song it flourished but with an emphasis on society,During the Song it flourished but with an emphasis on society,
rather than on military might, in spite of recurring threats fromrather than on military might, in spite of recurring threats from
the neighbors of the steppesthe neighbors of the steppes
Focus on effective administration, arts, literature, culture wereFocus on effective administration, arts, literature, culture were
encouragedencouraged
Artists, musicians, poets, calligraphers and writers wereArtists, musicians, poets, calligraphers and writers were
patronized by the courtspatronized by the courts
Learning was the key to successLearning was the key to success
43. Literati SchoolLiterati School
Paintings often contained poemsPaintings often contained poems
Calligraphy gained a status of art, rather than just a form ofCalligraphy gained a status of art, rather than just a form of
writingwriting
Artistic and intellectual output increased vastlyArtistic and intellectual output increased vastly
Harking back to the Confucius ideals—Neo-Confucianism—Harking back to the Confucius ideals—Neo-Confucianism—
that were concerned with good government, hierarchical butthat were concerned with good government, hierarchical but
benevolent ordering of societybenevolent ordering of society
Buddhist/Daoist ideals of compassion and kinship with allBuddhist/Daoist ideals of compassion and kinship with all
sentient beings were reflected in all aspects of life, includingsentient beings were reflected in all aspects of life, including
arts and governmentarts and government
44. The flowering of art (painting in the case of Song Dynasty) isThe flowering of art (painting in the case of Song Dynasty) is
possible only when it is provided sufficient patronage by thepossible only when it is provided sufficient patronage by the
rich and wealthyrich and wealthy
In the case of Song paintings, it was the imperial house thatIn the case of Song paintings, it was the imperial house that
provided the impetusprovided the impetus
Patronage implies abundant wealth and leisurePatronage implies abundant wealth and leisure
It was during the Song period that an academy of painting wasIt was during the Song period that an academy of painting was
createdcreated
Connoisseurship of art was developedConnoisseurship of art was developed
Landscape painting was favorite subject of many artistsLandscape painting was favorite subject of many artists
Two formatsTwo formats
Hanging scrollHanging scroll
Hand scrollHand scroll
45. Monumental modeMonumental mode
Attention to detailsAttention to details
Creating a visual pathCreating a visual path
Capturing ch’i, rather than justCapturing ch’i, rather than just
the physical form of the objectthe physical form of the object
46. "Early Spring," by Guo Xi, 1072 CE (Northern Song
(Sung) Dynasty. Hanging Scroll, ink and slight color
on silk. 60" Long. National Palace Museum, Taipei,
Taiwan, Republic of China
48. Early Spring by Guo Xi
Hanging scroll, ink and color on silk.
Northern Song Dynasty. 1072
49. Art of the Literati school: landscape painting. Summer Mountains, Northern Song dynasty,
11th century, Attributed to Qu Ding, Hand scroll; ink and pale color on silk.
50. Clearing Autumn Skies over Mountains and Valleys by Kuo Hsi, Northern Song Dynasty
c. 1070, detail from a horizontal scroll
51. Chinese artists of the Song period were concernedChinese artists of the Song period were concerned
with aesthetic devices, not necessarily Western ideawith aesthetic devices, not necessarily Western idea
of reality, including perspectiveof reality, including perspective
Some of the Chinese conventional devises include:Some of the Chinese conventional devises include:
Tilting of the foregroundTilting of the foreground
Flatting of the backgroundFlatting of the background
The Chinese artists speak about a landscape that is good toThe Chinese artists speak about a landscape that is good to
walk inwalk in
They also talk about walking through the painting andThey also talk about walking through the painting and
seeing this and thatseeing this and that
This leads to detailing in the landscapeThis leads to detailing in the landscape
52. The path needs to be visually importantThe path needs to be visually important
One of the tests of authenticity for a Song painting is theOne of the tests of authenticity for a Song painting is the
believability of the landscape as a place to walk inbelievability of the landscape as a place to walk in
One must not climb a rock and find nothing behind itOne must not climb a rock and find nothing behind it
Each part of the painting is a separate part, but each partEach part of the painting is a separate part, but each part
fits into the whole and the whole is the sum of the partsfits into the whole and the whole is the sum of the parts
with nothing left overwith nothing left over
Creating balance and harmony was importantCreating balance and harmony was important
Awe inspiring of the mountainAwe inspiring of the mountain
Solidity of the mountain expresses old age, time, wisdom,Solidity of the mountain expresses old age, time, wisdom,
power, authority, indestructibility, immobility (i.e.power, authority, indestructibility, immobility (i.e.
permanence)permanence)