Neembv het tekenvoor collaboration – de meestenzullendaar 2 ringen in zien – het symboolvooreenhuwelijk.
Maar eigenlijk is ArchiMateeennotatie-systeem – net zoals braille is – dat door de meestennietbegrepenwordt.
Ofalsmorsetekens
En buiten de architectenwereldwordt het andersgeinterpreteerd, zoals in de grafischeindustrieC.G. Liungman: Thought Signs: The semiotics of Symbols Western Ideograms (IOS Press, 90-5199-197-5)
GerdArntz: Olympic Games 1964, 1968, 1972The Icon Handbook,pag 11 + 12 (30 + 31Gerd Arntz can be credited with being the originator of the pictogram style we still use today. In particular, the influence of Neurath’s Isotype work can be seen two decades later, in the pictograms designed to represent individual sports for each of the Olympic Games from 1964 to 1972. The team created a clean geometric identity for the Games, which itself is a design classic, and the pictograms typify the cool, precise and logical approach they took.No line is wasted in these symbols: everything is pared down to its absolute minimum.
AIGA, ISO 7001 standard. Overcoming the language barrier: Pictogrammen (uit: The Icon handbook, pag. 40 (59) Desertstorm.com / icon blunders can be avoided, trashcan vs. mailboxThe team of AIGA designers led by Roger Cook and Don Shanosky undertook an exhaustive survey of pictograms already in use around the world, which drew from sources as diverse as Tokyo International Airport and the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. By 1979, a total of fifty icons were devised.
Boven: OS 1981 Xerox Star 8010Midden: OS 1983 Apple LisaOnder: OS 1984 Mac (SusanKare)Quite simply, when I think of icons I think of Susan Kare. Hailed by the Museum of Modern Art in New York as “a pioneering and influential computer iconographer” she developed the original icons for Macintosh System Software 1.0. Everything I know and love about icons is embodied in that work from 1984, and it took until 2001 before the Mac OS icons progressed to any significant degree. Her amous animated wristwatch icon to let the user know a task is in progress is still used today in Adobe Photoshop. I was lucky enough to get the chance to interview Susan for this book. First of all, many thanks for agreeing to be a part of The Icon Handbook! I particularly wanted to feature the original Mac icons as they encapsulate everything that icons should be and are, of course, design classics. You’re known for the original Mac icons but I’ve heard that your background up to that point was in sculpture. How did the project with Apple come about? I had the opportunity to join the Macintosh project thanks to my high school friend, Andy Hertzfeld, who was a software lead. He needed some bitmaps so encouraged me to develop some early images on graph paper.As it was such a new discipline at that point, was there any previous skill or experience that helped you? Was the lack of previous work in that area a help or a hindrance? I had a fair amount of experience in traditional graphic design so was able to build on that, plus common sense. Yes, a new medium but in another sense there is nothing new under the sun. I joke that if you can do needlepoint, you can design bitmap graphics. What tools did you use to design the original Mac icons other than sketching? Did you have a graphical editor to work with? Andy Hertzfeld wrote a bitmap editor for me that displayed the icon grid at 100% and enlarged so I could see how everything looked. It also automatically generated the hex equivalent. Not too many tools initially, but it worked really well. You also designed the Apple Command icon that is now an accepted convention. How did you come up with a symbol for such an abstract concept? I leafed through a book of symbols, and came across a similar cloverleaf, which was identified as an image used on signs in Swedish campgrounds to mean ‘interesting feature’. This seemed appropriate, and would lend itself to being recreated in a limited number of pixels, plus fit well on a squarish key cap. Years later, I learned that it is meant to be a castle, seen from above. Finally, what do you find are the differences (if any) designing icons now compared to the original Mac icons? Obviously, more pixels and more colours affords a greater range of stylistic options but, conceptually, the design problem is similar — what image can you create in a limited piece of screen real estate to communicate a particular idea at a glance? It was a terrific opportunity to work on the original Macintosh with so many talented colleagues.
David Crow: Visible Signs - An introduction to semiotics in the visual arts. ISBN 978-2-940411-42-9
Icons by hour
Omnigrafflegraffletopia
Brainstorm view
The Noun Project:
Vea wiki metaforen
Logo Sketches
Jan Zandstra: Vijfveranderaar-typetjes. Uit: Lerenveranderen, L. de Caluwé, H. Vermaak. (1999)