The document discusses how artifacts excavated at Sutton Hoo in England validate details from the epic poem Beowulf. A student presentation aims to show the historical accuracy of Beowulf by comparing artifacts mentioned, like helmets, swords, and houses, to items uncovered at Sutton Hoo. The presentation includes a research essay, interactive flash program, and 3D model of the Sutton Hoo archaeological site to illustrate the connections between the real artifacts and their descriptions in the poem.
This presentation analyzes the archaeological evidence from the Sutton Hoo site in England and how it validates details in the epic poem Beowulf. The presentation includes a PowerPoint, research essay, interactive Flash program, and 3D model of Sutton Hoo. It examines artifacts found at Sutton Hoo such as helmets, swords, and houses that align with descriptions in Beowulf, demonstrating the poem's historical accuracy. The goal is to appreciate Beowulf's factual significance through comparing its descriptions to real artifacts from the Sutton Hoo excavation.
The document discusses the history of furniture design from ancient Egypt through postmodernism. It provides examples of different types of ancient Egyptian furniture found in tomb paintings and museums, including chairs, stools, beds, and chests dating from the 18th dynasty. It also describes furniture from ancient Greece such as the kline couch and klismos chair. The document then covers artistic styles such as Art Nouveau, Bauhaus, and postmodernism, citing influential designers like Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Robert Venturi.
Roman jewelry served both decorative and practical purposes. It was made from materials sourced throughout the Roman Empire, including gold, gems, glass, and locally available resources. Common jewelry items included brooches, fibulae, seal rings, cameos, and bullae worn by children. Higher class women wore more elaborate jewelry to distinguish their social status, as clothing did not vary greatly between classes. The quartz bead found on site was likely once part of a necklace worn by a higher class individual.
This document provides information on Gothic and Renaissance architecture and interior design. It discusses the characteristics and styles of furniture from these periods. For Gothic architecture and furniture, it highlights features like pointed arches, tracery, wood types used including oak and walnut. Common furniture items are described like stools, chairs, tables, cupboards, chests and beds. For Renaissance furniture, it notes the emergence of cabinets and more comfortable chairs, as well as decorative elements like carving, pilasters, marquetry and stone/stucco panels. The high Renaissance featured walnut, ebony, elaborate upholstery and brass/silver fittings on chairs.
The document discusses the history and characteristics of various furniture styles including: modern, arts and crafts, Queen Anne, Chippendale, Federal, Empire, Shaker, Duncan Phyfe, Baroque, and Spanish Baroque. Key details include that modern furniture aimed for low costs using new materials and technologies, arts and crafts featured flowing designs and elaborate carvings, and Queen Anne style incorporated cabriole legs and small delicate pieces. Federal style emerged after the American Revolution to show independence, and Duncan Phyfe was an adaptation of other styles rather than its own. Baroque featured large twisted columns and heavy moldings flowing throughout, while Spanish Baroque commonly used beige colors and decorative wood legs and arms.
French Antiques in the 17th - 18th Century - Antique & Design Center of High ...The Antiques Diva & Co
A virtual tour and history of French antiques in the 17-18th centuries with Toma Clark Haines, an American living and working abroad for over a decade. Toma founded The Antiques Diva™ and Co using a team of guides leading antique buying tours throughout Europe. Toma is an in-demand freelance writer, international speaker, interior decorator, champagne connoisseur and social media addict.
The Staffordshire Hoard: a treasure saved for the nationhgeake
The document provides an introduction and overview of a talk given on the Staffordshire Hoard archaeological discovery. Some key points:
1) The Staffordshire Hoard, uncovered in 2009, was the largest Anglo-Saxon gold treasure ever found, containing over 3,500 gold and silver fragments.
2) The hoard has significantly changed understanding of the Anglo-Saxons in the 7th century AD, showing a level of craftsmanship and wealth not previously known. Many fragments are from helmets and weapons.
3) The location of the find, on the border of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, was an unexpected place for such a collection, as this area has few other early
The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata was designed by Sir William Emerson as a tribute to Queen Victoria, combining Mughal architectural styles. It opened in 1921 as both a tourist attraction and museum housing exhibits from British colonial rule in India. The massive white marble structure features a bronze statue of Queen Victoria out front and allegorical statues atop the dome, including a 4.5 ton statue of the Angel of Victory that rotates in high winds.
This presentation analyzes the archaeological evidence from the Sutton Hoo site in England and how it validates details in the epic poem Beowulf. The presentation includes a PowerPoint, research essay, interactive Flash program, and 3D model of Sutton Hoo. It examines artifacts found at Sutton Hoo such as helmets, swords, and houses that align with descriptions in Beowulf, demonstrating the poem's historical accuracy. The goal is to appreciate Beowulf's factual significance through comparing its descriptions to real artifacts from the Sutton Hoo excavation.
The document discusses the history of furniture design from ancient Egypt through postmodernism. It provides examples of different types of ancient Egyptian furniture found in tomb paintings and museums, including chairs, stools, beds, and chests dating from the 18th dynasty. It also describes furniture from ancient Greece such as the kline couch and klismos chair. The document then covers artistic styles such as Art Nouveau, Bauhaus, and postmodernism, citing influential designers like Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Robert Venturi.
Roman jewelry served both decorative and practical purposes. It was made from materials sourced throughout the Roman Empire, including gold, gems, glass, and locally available resources. Common jewelry items included brooches, fibulae, seal rings, cameos, and bullae worn by children. Higher class women wore more elaborate jewelry to distinguish their social status, as clothing did not vary greatly between classes. The quartz bead found on site was likely once part of a necklace worn by a higher class individual.
This document provides information on Gothic and Renaissance architecture and interior design. It discusses the characteristics and styles of furniture from these periods. For Gothic architecture and furniture, it highlights features like pointed arches, tracery, wood types used including oak and walnut. Common furniture items are described like stools, chairs, tables, cupboards, chests and beds. For Renaissance furniture, it notes the emergence of cabinets and more comfortable chairs, as well as decorative elements like carving, pilasters, marquetry and stone/stucco panels. The high Renaissance featured walnut, ebony, elaborate upholstery and brass/silver fittings on chairs.
The document discusses the history and characteristics of various furniture styles including: modern, arts and crafts, Queen Anne, Chippendale, Federal, Empire, Shaker, Duncan Phyfe, Baroque, and Spanish Baroque. Key details include that modern furniture aimed for low costs using new materials and technologies, arts and crafts featured flowing designs and elaborate carvings, and Queen Anne style incorporated cabriole legs and small delicate pieces. Federal style emerged after the American Revolution to show independence, and Duncan Phyfe was an adaptation of other styles rather than its own. Baroque featured large twisted columns and heavy moldings flowing throughout, while Spanish Baroque commonly used beige colors and decorative wood legs and arms.
French Antiques in the 17th - 18th Century - Antique & Design Center of High ...The Antiques Diva & Co
A virtual tour and history of French antiques in the 17-18th centuries with Toma Clark Haines, an American living and working abroad for over a decade. Toma founded The Antiques Diva™ and Co using a team of guides leading antique buying tours throughout Europe. Toma is an in-demand freelance writer, international speaker, interior decorator, champagne connoisseur and social media addict.
The Staffordshire Hoard: a treasure saved for the nationhgeake
The document provides an introduction and overview of a talk given on the Staffordshire Hoard archaeological discovery. Some key points:
1) The Staffordshire Hoard, uncovered in 2009, was the largest Anglo-Saxon gold treasure ever found, containing over 3,500 gold and silver fragments.
2) The hoard has significantly changed understanding of the Anglo-Saxons in the 7th century AD, showing a level of craftsmanship and wealth not previously known. Many fragments are from helmets and weapons.
3) The location of the find, on the border of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, was an unexpected place for such a collection, as this area has few other early
The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata was designed by Sir William Emerson as a tribute to Queen Victoria, combining Mughal architectural styles. It opened in 1921 as both a tourist attraction and museum housing exhibits from British colonial rule in India. The massive white marble structure features a bronze statue of Queen Victoria out front and allegorical statues atop the dome, including a 4.5 ton statue of the Angel of Victory that rotates in high winds.
This document is the preface to a book titled "Illustrated History of Furniture: From the Earliest to the Present Time" published in 1893. It provides an overview of the book's contents which traces the evolution of decorative furniture and woodwork from ancient times to the present day through descriptive chapters and illustrations. The preface explains that the book aims to give readers a general understanding of the subject within its limits as a single volume, noting certain periods receive more focus due to available information and likely reader interest. It also acknowledges assistance received in preparing the work and expresses hope that a positive reception may encourage future expanded efforts on the topic.
Architecture and monuments of kolkata 1Hira Prasad
The Prince Royal's College, Junior Section, Thailand, Seoul Choongmoo Elementary School, Republic of Korea and Birla High School Junior Section, Kolkata---Global Project--History, Architecture and Monuments of Respective Cities.
The document discusses the concept of shrines in Christian Ireland during the Late Christian Period. Shrines were places or objects that housed relics of saints or traces of their bodies and were considered holy. Two specific shrines are described - St. Patrick's Bell and the Cross of Cong, both dating back over 1000 years and containing elaborate metalwork decoration from the Urnes style of the period. The concept of modern shrines is also briefly discussed.
The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, India was constructed between 1906 and 1921 as a memorial to Queen Victoria. It was designed by Sir William Emerson in the Indo-Saracenic style, incorporating elements of Mughal architecture. The massive white marble building stands 184 feet tall and covers an area of 338 by 228 feet. Funding for construction came entirely from voluntary public subscriptions across India. The 64 acre gardens surrounding the memorial contain statues and monuments honoring British figures in India's history.
This document discusses the history and evolution of stone anchors from ancient times to the Roman period. It describes the various types of stone anchors including those with no holes, one hole, two holes, and classical anchors with three holes. Later, wood and stone were combined in composite anchors and metal elements like lead and iron were introduced. The anchors recovered from Caligula's sunken pleasure barges in Lake Nemi in the 1st century AD represent a transition period between wooden and iron anchors. The shapes of anchors can help archaeologists date shipwrecks.
The Victoria Memorial is located in Kolkata, West Bengal and was built between 1906 and 1921 by Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, to commemorate Queen Victoria. It was designed in the Indo-Saracenic revivalist style by architects William Emerson and Vincent Esch. Now a museum and tourist site, the Victoria Memorial features 25 galleries and 64 acres of gardens.
Repoussé is an ancient relief sculpture technique where a design is pressed into a sheet of metal from the reverse side to create a 3D surface effect. Materials like gold, silver, copper, and bronze have historically been used. Key examples include the Statue of Liberty, made of thin copper sheets, and the gold funerary mask of King Tut, mostly formed using repoussé. The technique involves drawing on both sides of a metal sheet to create different levels of embossing through hammering or pressing.
The document summarizes 10 of the best inventions from Ancient China, including:
1) Paper currency, which was first introduced in 800 BC and is now widely used.
2) Row crops, which were first planted in straight rows in the 6th century BC, allowing for faster growth.
3) Deep drilling for gas, a technique developed in 100 BC that is still used today.
4) Fireworks, invented in the 17th century BC for entertainment and warfare and still enjoyed today.
5) Gunpowder, originally intended for immortality but found to explode, changing warfare.
The document provides an overview of Early Medieval art from 450-1050 CE. It describes several civilizations that were producing art during this period, including Hiberno-Saxon art in the British Isles, Viking art in Scandinavia, and Carolingian art in France and Germany. Some key characteristics of Early Medieval art mentioned are the prevalent use of interlacing patterns, animal styles, and horror vacui designs. Examples of artwork from the Lindisfarne Gospels and Book of Kells are also discussed.
Repoussé is a metalworking technique where designs are raised on one side of a metal sheet by pushing from the reverse side using hammers and other tools. It is an ancient art form dating back over 3,000 years, found in artifacts from cultures like the Mycenaeans and Mayans. Today, repoussé is still used for jewelry, sculpture, and other decorative metal objects. The presentation provides examples of repoussé from different time periods and cultures and explains the basic repoussé process.
Repoussé is a metalworking technique where designs are raised on one side of a metal sheet by pushing from the reverse side using hammers and other tools. It is a very old art form dating back over 3000 years, found in artifacts from ancient Greece, India, and Central America. Today repoussé is used to make jewelry, decorative objects, and sculptures by shaping and embossing designs into precious metals like silver and gold. The document provides examples of repoussé artwork from various cultures and time periods along with instructions for creating basic repoussé designs on metal sheets.
The document traces the history and development of stringed instruments from the 9th century rebab to modern Stradivarius violins. It discusses how instruments evolved to include more strings and different shapes and woods over time. The document focuses on luthier Antonio Stradivari and his innovations in violin making during the late 1600s. It also notes that while his varnishes were once thought special, they are now known to be similar to modern varnishes. Stradivarius violins remain highly valued, with the most expensive selling for over $15 million.
This document appears to be a quiz about artifacts from the Bronze Age in Ireland. It includes multiple choice and fill in the blank questions about techniques used to make and decorate artifacts, their decorations, factual statements, and the functions of different artifacts like sun discs, armlets, fibulae (brooches), torcs (neck rings), and gorgets (neck ornaments). The artifacts mentioned include examples from counties Monaghan, Offaly, Clare, Kildare, and Meath.
The Kunera database was created in 1998 by researchers at Radboud University to catalog medieval pilgrimage souvenirs and badges. It has since expanded to include over 10,000 objects from collections across Europe and the U.S. Each entry includes an image and description of the object, classifications, measurements, origins, and references. The database aims to document this fragile material and make it accessible to researchers. It is maintained ongoingly as new discoveries are made. While not exhaustive, Kunera provides a valuable research tool for studying pilgrimage in the medieval period.
This document provides an overview of architectural and furniture styles from 1600-1800 across several regions of Europe and the United States. It is organized chronologically and outlines the dominant styles of each time period. Some of the key points include:
- From 1600-1620, the Gothic style was prominent in Great Britain and Ireland, while the early colonial period lasted in the United States until 1700.
- Between 1620-1700, the Baroque style emerged and lasted until later in the century. Jacobean and Carolinian styles were seen in Britain and Ireland, while France experienced the rule of Louis XIII and Louis XIV.
- Rococo style prevailed from 1700-1760, seen through early Georgian
Project report on victoria memorial vartika khandelwal m.sc.i.d.dezyneecole
The Victoria Memorial is a memorial building in Kolkata, India dedicated to Queen Victoria. It was designed by Sir William Emerson in the Indo-Saracenic style, incorporating Mughal elements. The memorial serves as both a museum and tourist attraction today. It is managed by the Ministry of Culture. The massive hall measures 338 feet by 228 feet and stands 184 feet tall. White marble was used in its construction and it was inaugurated in 1921.
This document discusses medieval art and its relationship to religion during the medieval time period. It provides examples of different types of medieval art like illuminated manuscripts, metalwork, paintings, frescoes, and mosaics. Gothic art and stained glass windows were popular during this era. Stained glass was expensive and often used in wealthy homes and cathedrals to depict biblical stories. Mosaics were made of individual tiles called tesseras. The document also discusses King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.
This presentation analyzes the archaeological evidence from the Sutton Hoo site in England and how it validates details in the epic poem Beowulf. The presentation consists of four parts: a PowerPoint summarizing the evidence, an essay citing scholarly sources, an interactive Flash program comparing artifacts to the poem, and a 3D model of the Sutton Hoo site. The artifacts found at Sutton Hoo, such as helmets, swords, and descriptions of houses, closely match objects and structures mentioned in Beowulf, demonstrating the poem's historical accuracy in depicting the Viking era.
This document provides an introduction and background information about Beowulf, the oldest surviving epic poem in English. It discusses that Beowulf was written in Old English between 700-750 AD, depicting events in the early 6th century. The poem is set in Scandinavia and follows the hero Beowulf battling various monsters to protect the kingdom of Denmark's king Hrothgar. It also provides context about Anglo-Saxon society being warrior-based and focused on bravery, loyalty and success in battle.
This document is the preface to a book titled "Illustrated History of Furniture: From the Earliest to the Present Time" published in 1893. It provides an overview of the book's contents which traces the evolution of decorative furniture and woodwork from ancient times to the present day through descriptive chapters and illustrations. The preface explains that the book aims to give readers a general understanding of the subject within its limits as a single volume, noting certain periods receive more focus due to available information and likely reader interest. It also acknowledges assistance received in preparing the work and expresses hope that a positive reception may encourage future expanded efforts on the topic.
Architecture and monuments of kolkata 1Hira Prasad
The Prince Royal's College, Junior Section, Thailand, Seoul Choongmoo Elementary School, Republic of Korea and Birla High School Junior Section, Kolkata---Global Project--History, Architecture and Monuments of Respective Cities.
The document discusses the concept of shrines in Christian Ireland during the Late Christian Period. Shrines were places or objects that housed relics of saints or traces of their bodies and were considered holy. Two specific shrines are described - St. Patrick's Bell and the Cross of Cong, both dating back over 1000 years and containing elaborate metalwork decoration from the Urnes style of the period. The concept of modern shrines is also briefly discussed.
The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, India was constructed between 1906 and 1921 as a memorial to Queen Victoria. It was designed by Sir William Emerson in the Indo-Saracenic style, incorporating elements of Mughal architecture. The massive white marble building stands 184 feet tall and covers an area of 338 by 228 feet. Funding for construction came entirely from voluntary public subscriptions across India. The 64 acre gardens surrounding the memorial contain statues and monuments honoring British figures in India's history.
This document discusses the history and evolution of stone anchors from ancient times to the Roman period. It describes the various types of stone anchors including those with no holes, one hole, two holes, and classical anchors with three holes. Later, wood and stone were combined in composite anchors and metal elements like lead and iron were introduced. The anchors recovered from Caligula's sunken pleasure barges in Lake Nemi in the 1st century AD represent a transition period between wooden and iron anchors. The shapes of anchors can help archaeologists date shipwrecks.
The Victoria Memorial is located in Kolkata, West Bengal and was built between 1906 and 1921 by Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, to commemorate Queen Victoria. It was designed in the Indo-Saracenic revivalist style by architects William Emerson and Vincent Esch. Now a museum and tourist site, the Victoria Memorial features 25 galleries and 64 acres of gardens.
Repoussé is an ancient relief sculpture technique where a design is pressed into a sheet of metal from the reverse side to create a 3D surface effect. Materials like gold, silver, copper, and bronze have historically been used. Key examples include the Statue of Liberty, made of thin copper sheets, and the gold funerary mask of King Tut, mostly formed using repoussé. The technique involves drawing on both sides of a metal sheet to create different levels of embossing through hammering or pressing.
The document summarizes 10 of the best inventions from Ancient China, including:
1) Paper currency, which was first introduced in 800 BC and is now widely used.
2) Row crops, which were first planted in straight rows in the 6th century BC, allowing for faster growth.
3) Deep drilling for gas, a technique developed in 100 BC that is still used today.
4) Fireworks, invented in the 17th century BC for entertainment and warfare and still enjoyed today.
5) Gunpowder, originally intended for immortality but found to explode, changing warfare.
The document provides an overview of Early Medieval art from 450-1050 CE. It describes several civilizations that were producing art during this period, including Hiberno-Saxon art in the British Isles, Viking art in Scandinavia, and Carolingian art in France and Germany. Some key characteristics of Early Medieval art mentioned are the prevalent use of interlacing patterns, animal styles, and horror vacui designs. Examples of artwork from the Lindisfarne Gospels and Book of Kells are also discussed.
Repoussé is a metalworking technique where designs are raised on one side of a metal sheet by pushing from the reverse side using hammers and other tools. It is an ancient art form dating back over 3,000 years, found in artifacts from cultures like the Mycenaeans and Mayans. Today, repoussé is still used for jewelry, sculpture, and other decorative metal objects. The presentation provides examples of repoussé from different time periods and cultures and explains the basic repoussé process.
Repoussé is a metalworking technique where designs are raised on one side of a metal sheet by pushing from the reverse side using hammers and other tools. It is a very old art form dating back over 3000 years, found in artifacts from ancient Greece, India, and Central America. Today repoussé is used to make jewelry, decorative objects, and sculptures by shaping and embossing designs into precious metals like silver and gold. The document provides examples of repoussé artwork from various cultures and time periods along with instructions for creating basic repoussé designs on metal sheets.
The document traces the history and development of stringed instruments from the 9th century rebab to modern Stradivarius violins. It discusses how instruments evolved to include more strings and different shapes and woods over time. The document focuses on luthier Antonio Stradivari and his innovations in violin making during the late 1600s. It also notes that while his varnishes were once thought special, they are now known to be similar to modern varnishes. Stradivarius violins remain highly valued, with the most expensive selling for over $15 million.
This document appears to be a quiz about artifacts from the Bronze Age in Ireland. It includes multiple choice and fill in the blank questions about techniques used to make and decorate artifacts, their decorations, factual statements, and the functions of different artifacts like sun discs, armlets, fibulae (brooches), torcs (neck rings), and gorgets (neck ornaments). The artifacts mentioned include examples from counties Monaghan, Offaly, Clare, Kildare, and Meath.
The Kunera database was created in 1998 by researchers at Radboud University to catalog medieval pilgrimage souvenirs and badges. It has since expanded to include over 10,000 objects from collections across Europe and the U.S. Each entry includes an image and description of the object, classifications, measurements, origins, and references. The database aims to document this fragile material and make it accessible to researchers. It is maintained ongoingly as new discoveries are made. While not exhaustive, Kunera provides a valuable research tool for studying pilgrimage in the medieval period.
This document provides an overview of architectural and furniture styles from 1600-1800 across several regions of Europe and the United States. It is organized chronologically and outlines the dominant styles of each time period. Some of the key points include:
- From 1600-1620, the Gothic style was prominent in Great Britain and Ireland, while the early colonial period lasted in the United States until 1700.
- Between 1620-1700, the Baroque style emerged and lasted until later in the century. Jacobean and Carolinian styles were seen in Britain and Ireland, while France experienced the rule of Louis XIII and Louis XIV.
- Rococo style prevailed from 1700-1760, seen through early Georgian
Project report on victoria memorial vartika khandelwal m.sc.i.d.dezyneecole
The Victoria Memorial is a memorial building in Kolkata, India dedicated to Queen Victoria. It was designed by Sir William Emerson in the Indo-Saracenic style, incorporating Mughal elements. The memorial serves as both a museum and tourist attraction today. It is managed by the Ministry of Culture. The massive hall measures 338 feet by 228 feet and stands 184 feet tall. White marble was used in its construction and it was inaugurated in 1921.
This document discusses medieval art and its relationship to religion during the medieval time period. It provides examples of different types of medieval art like illuminated manuscripts, metalwork, paintings, frescoes, and mosaics. Gothic art and stained glass windows were popular during this era. Stained glass was expensive and often used in wealthy homes and cathedrals to depict biblical stories. Mosaics were made of individual tiles called tesseras. The document also discusses King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.
This presentation analyzes the archaeological evidence from the Sutton Hoo site in England and how it validates details in the epic poem Beowulf. The presentation consists of four parts: a PowerPoint summarizing the evidence, an essay citing scholarly sources, an interactive Flash program comparing artifacts to the poem, and a 3D model of the Sutton Hoo site. The artifacts found at Sutton Hoo, such as helmets, swords, and descriptions of houses, closely match objects and structures mentioned in Beowulf, demonstrating the poem's historical accuracy in depicting the Viking era.
This document provides an introduction and background information about Beowulf, the oldest surviving epic poem in English. It discusses that Beowulf was written in Old English between 700-750 AD, depicting events in the early 6th century. The poem is set in Scandinavia and follows the hero Beowulf battling various monsters to protect the kingdom of Denmark's king Hrothgar. It also provides context about Anglo-Saxon society being warrior-based and focused on bravery, loyalty and success in battle.
This document provides an overview of British legends from the Anglo-Saxon period through the Middle Ages. It discusses the Anglo-Saxon invasion and settlement of Britain beginning in 449 AD, as well as subsequent invasions by Vikings, Normans, and Romans. Key literary works like Beowulf are examined. The epic poem Beowulf is used to illustrate characteristics of the genre like heroic codes, supernatural elements, and elevated language. Oral traditions of storytelling and the role of bards in transmitting cultural legends are also reviewed.
A Life in Castles . Essays in Honour of Dr. Edward Cooper. The 6th Nonverbal...Sharon Collins
- Edward Cooper is being honored for his work studying medieval warfare and Spanish castles. He supervised the speaker's PhD research.
- Cooper's major work "Castillos Señoriales" studied over 400 Spanish castles using extensive archival research and meticulous black and white photography.
- The speaker's own research on medieval artillery was influenced and informed by Cooper's photography, including a photo of a bombard on castle ramparts that led the speaker to identify cannon from the same workshop.
This document provides an overview of the Anglo-Saxon period in Britain from 449-1066 AD. It summarizes the key events including the Celtic occupation prior to the Romans, the Roman occupation from 55 BC to 409 AD, the Anglo-Saxon invasion starting in 449 AD which pushed the Celts into the western parts of the country. It also discusses the Viking invasions starting in the 8th century, King Alfred the Great's unification of the Anglo-Saxons against the Danes in the 9th century, the spread of Christianity between 400-699 AD, and the Norman invasion in 1066 AD which replaced English with French as the language of the ruling class. The document concludes by introducing the
Archaeology of the East Midland Class 4: Radcliffe Autumn 2014Keith Challis
This document summarizes an archaeology class covering the Angles, Saxons, and Vikings in the East Midlands region of England. The class discusses Viking origins and raids beginning in the 8th century AD. It also examines evidence of Scandinavian settlement through place names and artifacts. A key site discussed is Repton, where a Viking army overwintered in 873-874 AD, leaving behind a mass grave and nearby pagan burial ground. Geophysical survey techniques for investigating archaeological sites below the ground surface are also introduced.
Discovering the Riches of History: A Tour of the Israel MuseumITAS
Embark on a journey through time at the Israel Museum, a treasure trove that encapsulates over 5000 years of human culture, art, and history. From colossal statues of ancient civilizations in the Archaeological Wing to modern masterpieces in the Fine Arts Wing, the museum offers a profound glimpse into the past. Read More….
This document summarizes key information from Chapter 1, which covers prehistoric and early civilizations from the Paleolithic era through Ancient Egypt. It provides an overview of the time periods, cultures, themes, forms of art, and important works discussed in the chapter. Learning objectives are outlined that focus on recognizing characteristics of art from these periods and cultures, as well as understanding key vocabulary. The bulk of the document then analyzes and describes important artworks from each culture, highlighting what they reveal about the people and their beliefs. Students are directed to review this information, take a quiz on Chapter 1, and respond to a discussion question relating ancient artists' religious beliefs to their artwork.
The document discusses several museums located along the Bosphorus and Miljacka River in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It provides details on the founding and collections of the Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Memorial Gallery 11/07/95 which commemorates the Srebrenica genocide. It also mentions floating architecture examples and discusses reasons for using floating structures, common materials, mooring systems, and advantages of floating concrete structures.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, migrating tribes brought their artistic traditions to Europe. The migration period arts consisted mainly of small, portable objects like belt buckles and fibulae decorated with animals and intricate knots. An important Anglo-Saxon ship burial at Sutton Hoo contained a warrior buried with a helmet, belt, and other items displaying sophisticated craftsmanship and symbolic animal designs. These styles incorporating zoomorphic imagery and interlace patterns influenced later Viking and medieval Christian art in northern Europe.
The poem Widsith describes the travels of an ancient Germanic scop or minstrel. It likely originated as an oral poetic form called a thula, which was a list of names and places recited to aid memory. The poem contains several interpolations from different time periods. While it describes real historical figures, it also anachronistically portrays some figures from different eras as contemporaries. The poem was likely compiled and written down in the late 7th century AD by a cleric who aimed to realistically capture the role of an ancient scop through blending factual history with fictional elements.
The document summarizes the history of Britain from roughly 800 BC to 1485 AD. It describes how Celtic tribes invaded and settled the British Isles between 800-600 BC. The Romans then conquered Britain in 55 BC, introducing Christianity, and ruled until withdrawing in 407 AD. Various Germanic tribes, including Angles, Saxons, and Jutes (referred to collectively as Anglo-Saxons), then invaded and settled Britain beginning in the 5th century. Viking invasions from Scandinavia began in the 9th century. King Alfred of Wessex resisted further Viking expansion in the late 9th century. His reign marked the beginning of Anglo-Saxon rule over most of England. Important works of Anglo-
This document provides background information on Anglo-Saxon Britain between 450-1066 CE. It discusses the Celtic and Roman periods before the Anglo-Saxons invaded and established several kingdoms. The Anglo-Saxons were pagan warriors from Germany and Denmark who gradually converted to Christianity. Their oral poetry, including the epic poem Beowulf, provides insights into their culture, religion, and the heroism of figures like Beowulf. Archaeological finds like the Sutton Hoo ship burial further illuminate Anglo-Saxon society in England.
The document provides background information on Medieval art in Europe from approximately 450 CE to 1400 CE. It discusses three main periods: Early Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. For each period, it describes relevant historical context, key characteristics of architecture, manuscripts, and sculpture/painting. Specific examples discussed include the Book of Lindisfarne, Bayeux Tapestry, and Gothic cathedrals like Chartres and Westminster Abbey.
The document provides background information on Medieval art in Europe from approximately 450 CE to 1400 CE. It discusses three main periods: Early Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. For each period, it describes relevant historical context, key characteristics of architecture, manuscripts, and sculpture/painting. Specific examples discussed include the Book of Lindisfarne, Bayeux Tapestry, and Gothic cathedrals like Chartres and Westminster Abbey.
The document discusses several artifacts from Anglo-Saxon and Viking cultures including a round fibula from the 7th century AD decorated with gemstones, a purse lid from the Sutton Hoo ship burial decorated with gold and garnet plaques depicting animals, and a carved animal head found on the Oseberg ship burial in Norway from the 9th century AD. The artifacts demonstrate the importance of animals and animal-style artwork in Norse and Anglo-Saxon culture as symbols of strength and depictions on functional objects like weapons, jewelry, and ships.
The document discusses several early Northern Renaissance artists including the Limbourg Brothers, Claus Sluter, Melchior Broderlam, Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Dirk Bout, Hugo van der Goes, and Hans Memling. It provides details on specific works such as the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry illuminated by the Limbourg Brothers, the Well of Moses sculpted by Claus Sluter, and the Ghent Altarpiece painted by Jan van Eyck. It also discusses characteristics of Northern Renaissance art including the use of oil paints to depict fine details and lifelike textures.
Chapple, R. M. 2012 Review: Archaeology Ireland 26.2 (issue 100). blogspot postRobert M Chapple
This document provides a summary and review of Archaeology Ireland 26.2 (Issue 100), which celebrates the 100th issue of the magazine. It discusses several articles in the issue that look back on developments in Irish archaeology over the past 25 years since the magazine's inception. These articles examine topics like changes in the scope and challenges of the field, as well as developments in publishing and disseminating archaeological research. The review provides overview and commentary on each of the articles in a celebratory tone, emphasizing the important role the magazine has played in documenting Irish archaeology.
Audio recording available at http://openbiblelearningcentre.com/content/british-museum-proves-bible-history
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2. THE BIG PICTURE: OUR PURPOSE
• The archaeological discovery of Sutton Hoo, along with its excavated artifacts, further
validate and provide great insight to the fact that the epic poem, Beowulf, is indeed a
factual representation of the Viking Age based on specific materials/equipment
(helmets, swords, houses) cited in the text.
• What‟s the point?
• The main goal is to provide an appreciation for the factual significance and historical
accuracy of the epic poem, Beowulf.
• How will this be done?
• Through visual aid and comparison of actual artifacts excavated at Sutton Hoo
versus the descriptions of those artifacts given by the Beowulf poet
3. THE ROADMAP
• Our presentation consists of four major components that will try to convey and prove the
aforementioned thesis.
• The Components:
• 1. PowerPoint Presentation: Provides overall summary of facts and points
• 2. Research Essay: The essay provides strong support and detail in order to prove
the thesis with various scholar and scholarly article citations coupled with a general
analysis of the facts.
• 3. Flash Program: A unique and independently developed Adobe Flash program
(where the user will control the character, Beowulf) will provide an esthetically
pleasing display of artifacts found at Sutton Hoo along with their relation to the text
• 4. Sutton Hoo Model: This 3D model of the actual Sutton Hoo sight will aid in the
understanding of the actual location and physical nature of the historic site located in
Suffolk, England.
4. WHAT IS SUTTON HOO?
• Sutton Hoo is a ship burial that was excavated in 1939 near Woodbridge in
Suffolk, England.
• Archaeologists excavated a small mound and discovered:
• A well-preserved imprint in the sand of an exceptionally large ship,
• Gold coins and jewelry
• Silver utensils
• Weapons and armor of iron and gilt bronze
• It is also the site of a grave for Raedwald who was:
• A seventh century Anglo-Saxon king
• Leader of the Wuffing dynasty of East Anglia
5. SUTTON HOO CONT‟
• This discovery was of outstanding historical and archaeological significance
• All of the artifacts were retrieved and are now on display at the British
Museum in London
• The first archaeological campaign took place in 1939, however, campaigns in
the 1960‟s and 1980‟s explored the wider site and other surrounding
individual mounds
• The site has become a great tourist attraction
7. SUTTON HOO AND BEOWULF
• In the start of Beowulf, a vast and lavish burial
was described by the poet for the great king,
Scyld.
• This burial parallels the burial that was
excavated at Sutton Hoo.
• As displayed in Beowulf, a ship burial
was the final grand event for a prominent
person.
• In this pagan ritual, the status of the
deceased person was determined the
grandiosity of the ceremony.
• The importance: When looking at the artistic
representation of such a burial, the similarities
between the Sutton Hoo site and the burial in
Beowulf are very similar—historical accuracy.
• Various items shown: Shield serves as
“tombstone”, swords, helmets, etc.
8. THE ARTIFACTS: HELMETS
• Helmets: Described in greater detail than
any other item of war equipment in the
poem
• Aristocratic (belonging to or
characteristic of nobility) importance
• Two types of helmets in sixth and
seventh century based on archaeological
findings
• Type 1: derived from late Roman
prototypes
• Solid crown comb
• Some form of face and neck
protection
• Found in Swedish graves of
Vendel and Valsgarde and Sutton
Hoo
9. HELMETS CONT.
• Type 2: Ribbed or Spangenhelm
• Eastern origin, introduced in
west Europe by Ostrogoths
(East Germanic tribe that
played a major role in the
political events of the late
Roman Empire)
• Conical type adopted by
Scandinavians by ninth century
• Worn by both English and
Norman
10. THE BIG PICTURE
• In Beowulf...
• Poet focuses mainly on quality and features, not much on type, but it is
clear that Romanesque is described
• Chain-mail protection on helmets...”encircled with lordly or noble chains”
• Helmet that Hrothgar gives Beowulf
• Describes the comb, wala, that goes around the roof of helmet
• Wire inlay wounded around roof
• Expensive technique--reason why poet included this descriptive
quality
• Overall: No features of poetic descriptions are without an archaeological
parallel.
11. THE ARTIFACTS: SWORDS
• Swords: Poet concentrates on generalized terms of ornament--knowledge of technical terms
referenced by poet is hard to fully understand, not much is said about actual archaeological
material, but deeper analysis of descriptive statements yields strong archaeological materials
and reference
• Heavy references to light and shade and color contrast, makes it difficult to decipher any origins
• Reference 1: Poet‟s description of the sword Beowulf finds under the mere (lake)
• “Then he saw among the weapons a victory-blest blade, an ancient giant made sword,
mighty of edge, a glory for warriors; it was a weapon of weapons, --but it was greater than
any other man could bear into battle, serviceable and splendidly adorned, the work of
giants”
• Beowulf sees the sword as a weapon that could save his life
• Beowulf only took the hilt of sword because the blade had melted away due to Grendel‟s
poisonous blood
• The Hilt/Handle: shows that the sword was a „ring sword‟ found in Scandinavian graves of
seventh century-useful info for dating the poem
12. SWORDS CONT.
• Poet must have been basing such an
elaborate description based on
something he had seen before
• Whole hilt was overlaid with gold
• Reference to Genesis 4-7, The Flood
• Attached to some sort of
belt, resembles Snartemo
sword
• Differs from other swords because
it was larger than life really, only
Beowulf could wield it
• “The work of giants”
• Hrothgar‟s examination of hilt:
• Elaboration and details of his description
is not seen in any other Old English
literature in reference to swords
13. THE ARTIFACTS: HOUSES
• Germanic House: Long, rectangular building, usually with a roof supported by rows of
internal pillars or external buttresses
• Common building material was wattle-and-daub and stone-and-earth
• Sites: Ezinge, Warendorf, Vallhagar
• Hrothgar‟s Palace: Technological improvements in the 9th century lead to a more
advanced building with a system of upright and horizontal planks
• Sites: Visselhovede, Kreis Rothenburg
• The English king starts to focus on the construction of a great palace using the new
planking system
• Were the grandest of all buildings in the Germanic world before the Viking
age, similar to how Herot is lavishly described in Beowulf
• Palace was a full-scale secular building: somewhere a person would reside
• All public festivities and businesses were conducted here
15. OUR MODEL
• How was it made?
• The mound was made out of special, air drying packaging foam that is used in
chandelier packaging
• The foam was placed in a mold which was the shape of the hill/excavation site
• The mound was hot glued to the platform
• The ship was constructed out of a special kind of modeling Styrofoam
• The ship was hot glued to the mound and secured with a spray-on glue
• The mound then covered in texture paint which gave that natural feel to it
• Finally, sand was added to the ship to make it look like an actual excavation site and
the rest of the model was painted with natural, earthy colors
21. THE FLASH PROGRAM
• Software: Adobe Flash CS4
• How was it done?
• Obtained images from a Sprite Database, an online database providing thousands of
8-bit video game quality images
• Used basic Flash programming and commands combined with photo editing
• Our Program:
• Basic character, Beowulf, has the ability to move up, down, left, right, via directional
keys
• The goal: Essentially, Beowulf has the ability to go to archaeological artifacts and the
Sutton Hoo site.
• Once within a certain radius of an object, (ex. Romanesque helmet), the user
can press the spacebar and obtain information describing the artifact and a
comparison of it at Sutton Hoo and within the actual poem.
22. CONCLUSION
• Beowulf is a poem that is heavily influenced by the archaeological discovery of Sutton
Hoo.
• It is important to appreciate the historical details and accuracies of the epic poem,
especially after understanding Sutton Hoo.
• To reiterate, we hope that the this presentation, coupled with the Flash Program and the
3D Sutton Hoo model has taught our audience that the various artifacts, such as swords,
helmets, and houses, are not simply excavated material put into museums. These
artifacts solidify the historical importance and accuracy of Beowulf