The following pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the spring 2017 version of ARC 211 American Diversity and Design at the University at Buffalo – State University of New York

1. ARC 211
Spring 2017
Robert Sullivan
Online Discussion Questions
University at Buffalo - State University of New York
American Diversity and Design
1 Picture taken by me

2. Diversity and Design influenced me in multiple ways . I learned how the design of a product or design of a structure needs to
be designed so that all kinds of people could use and enjoy it. One important topic diversity and deign covers is how
people need to get as mush information about the people that they are designers for and understand their pros and cons of
the design from their point of view. What makes a design great is its ability to be able to accommodate the needs of many
people which is what I took away from this course.
The following pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the spring 2017 version of ARC 211
American Diversity and Design at the University at Buffalo – State University of New York
2 Picture taken by my friend

3. Response to "What is design?" from Hello World
The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one of the most powerful and
enduring empires I the history of China. She explained how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For
example, in the development of weaponry, he resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this single innovation
gave his armies great advantage over other armies.
For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an innovation or invention (can be
current or historical) that gave advantage to a group of people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the
social impacts of this innovation? Were any groups negatively impacted by this innovation? For example, the
telegraph, developed and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and commerce to
transmit messages across both continents and oceans almost instantly, with widespread social and economic impacts. This
heightened communication speed allowed business persons to make decisions with up-to-date information, often resulting
in big profits. Those without access had to rely on outdated information, which put them at a disadvantage.
Henry Ford installed the first moving assembly line
for the mass production of the automobile in
1913. This invention made it possible for an entire
car to be built in 2 hours and 30 minutes. Before
the assembly line, it took 12 hours to build a
car. One downside to the assembly line is that
workers may feel social alienation or
boredom because of repeating the same task
throughout the day.
Figure 3 http://corporate.ford.com/innovation/100-years-moving-assembly-line.html

4. Response to "Introduction" from Diversity and Design
The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and public citizens alike, yields
more equitable results.” This makes sense, but typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups
have impacted design in ways that have changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and
institutions. For example, in the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to raise awareness about barriers in
the physical environment. They persisted with their efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities
Act became law. It mandated accessibility in public accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public transportation,
communication, and other areas of public life. This dramatically changed our physical environment (from curb cuts to
ramps to automatic doors) and the results made public life more equitable.
Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and why did it change form and/or
circumstances? (Note that a design can be anything requiring planning and development prior to the production of an
action, system, visual, material object, or environment. Also, keep in mind that, for our purposes, a diversity group is a group
of individuals who are underrepresented in society in some way—children, older adults, the economically disadvantaged,
those with cognitive disabilities, etc.)
A bus may have a small lift so that people in wheel chairs can have access to public
transportation. My neighbor for example, is disabled and is in a wheel chair. When she
needs to go to school or attend group activities, a bus comes to her house to pick her up. A
small lift comes down from the side of the bus allowing her to get on the bus with little
effort. This design helps make her life a little easier.
Figure 4 http://wheelchairassistance.com/wheelchair-
lift/school-bus-violent-wheelchair-lifts.php

5. Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talk on Photographs
Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled
“Model of Media and the Social World”? Identify a mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an
icon of an event. (Feel free to add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the communication of the event?
The photos showed in the TED Talk would be placed in the media message or product section in the diagram "Model of
Media and the Social World". The most iconic and world changing image of the 21st century is the image of the plane right
before it crashes into the world trade center. This horrifying event change the United States drastically but also showed that
that even a tour weakest, we can still come together which gives us strength. I chose this image because at the time I was
young and didn't understand what was exactly happening at the time. Looking back, I can remember everything about
that day but I thought it was a life changing event during my childhood.
Figure 5 https://www.911memorial.org/explore-memorial

6. Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design
Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the two hats (red and pink)
discussed in the articles certainly have taken on that role. Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles
vehicles of communication design? What meanings do each of the two hats carry? In terms of communication design, how
are they similar? And how are they different from one another?
The two hats became a symbol of their movement through simplistic design and the
message that came with them. Trump's "Make America Great Again Hat" is a straight
forward design with the massage directly written in "Times New Roman" font on it. It's bright
red and white color pallet also made it easily distinguishable. Those who support or share
some viewpoints with the Trump Administration wear the “Make America Great Again "
hat so that they can be part of the movement. The hats direct phrase, "Make America Great
Again", resonates with people, more so the working class, because of how
government policies may have negatively affected them so it gave them a chance to be
heard. In contrast, the pink "Pussy" hat represented feminism and how woman have power
and control of their own bodies. It also represents equality for race’s, sexuality and gender.
The hats bright color pallet made it distinguishable just like the trump hat. Unlike the Trump
Hat, the "Pussy" hat did not have witting on it and instead had a deeper meaning. The hat
was developed in response to trumps, "grab them by the pussies" remark which sparked a
major backlash and was condemned by many. People who wear the hat do so
because they support, feminism, equality and may disagree with trumps past comments and
politics.
Figure 6
https://www.pinterest.com/search/pi
ns/?q=make%20america%20great%20
again

7. Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti
In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production
introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts of the standardization and integration of the production line that
were adopted across the world. With Ford’s method, work could be completed by relatively unskilled workers; it was more
efficient and with this method, products were made more quickly and cheaply than previously possible. What were some of
the social consequences of Ford’s production line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S. society? Do any of
those changes remain with us today? Now consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about
production. How do you think manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty years? How do you think these
changes will affect our U.S. society?
Mass production of goods using the assembly line had many unforeseen consequences that impacted workers and
consumers. Interchangeable and standardized parts on an assembly line make it easier for the workers to repair and
replace them, but that sacrifices craftsmanship and a more personalized item. Assembly lines are made to mass produce
at a fast rate so If there is a problem with the item being built on the assembly line which goes unnoticed, it would be too
late because the it would already be in the consumer’s hands. An example of a manufacturing fault would be the Galaxy
Note 7. Assembly line workers also suffer from repetitive and mentally unstimulated work. This causes workers to
become bored and tired. Long hours and low wages also displeased workers. Today mass production still relies on skilled
and unskilled labor, however robots are becoming more and more involved in production and are the future. Robots can
work fast and for a long time as long as they are maintained. In this regard, workers are still needed to make sure the
assembly line stays operational. Manufacturing will become more personalized and simplifies. 3D printing for example
allows consumers to make their own items and build it on the spot. Industrial printers can produce the object in pieces so

8. they can be combined at a later time, or create the entire object. More personalized items could be created easily and
inexpensively.
Figure 7 https://clipartfest.com/download/50d4b50d2123890611348d7a73cef7e3f9f6eaeb.htm

9. Response IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video
Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept developed by architect William
McDonough and chemist Dr. Michael Braungart? How does this product resist or disregard the concept? Provide an
example any products that embraces Cradle-to-Cradle design? Please describe and cite your source.
The Rolls-Royce Dawn is a luxurious, four seater with a V-12 engine. Luxury,
comfort, and style was the main focus of this car according to the
description. The Rolls-Royce Dawn defies the Cradle-to-Cradle concept
because it’s a luxurious car and its primary focus isn't on creating a
vehicle better for the environment. This means it was made with
expensive materials. Expensive materials are harder to recycle because they
were custom made and more unique. A vehicle made with cheaper, more
common materials, is more likely to be recycled and have those recycled
materials used again. It also has a V-12 engine which is not the most
environmentally friendly engine. The Swater is a sensor faucet that embraces
the Cradle-to-Cradle concept. It increases water saving awareness in public
places. The most important thing is that it is made of lead-free copper and
recyclable materials which is the main idea of the Cradle-to-Cradle concept.
"Rolls-Royce Dawn." Industrial Designers Society of America - IDSA. N.p., 18 Aug. 2016. Web. 17 Feb. 2017.
"Swater." Industrial Designers Society of America - IDSA. N.p., 18 Aug. 2016. Web. 17 Feb. 2017.
Figure 8 http://www.idsa.org/awards/idea/commercial-
industrial-products/swater

10. Response to Levy Article
John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which planning can determine the
characteristics of a place. For example, some smaller towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale. How
did planning define the character of the place in which you grew up?
I grew up in Medford which is located on Long Island. It’s
mostly a middle class suburban area but has a busy main
avenue which connects two highways on either side. The
avenue not only connects to two highways, but
also connects two popular towns filled with restaurants,
shops and other activities. The avenue has many
commercial buildings such as car dealerships, gas stations,
and fast food places because of the high volume of traffic.
Parks and tree lines separate the commercial strip from the
residential area which helps reduce noise from heavy
traffic. The elementary school, middle school and high
school are stacked on roads parallel to each other in the
middle of the main residential area. Since they are in the
middle of a residential area, it gives students easy
access because it’s a safe walking distance. The planners laid out the town so that the schools would be easily accessible
to the residential area while separating the residential area from the commercial strip with parks and tree lines.
Figure 9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_New_York

11. Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson
Here is your discussion question on the Pruitt Igoe project, the Talen article, and the Larson lecture. article. Please post your
own response, and respond to at least two other students' responses.
Imagine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design That Enables
Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk "Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you have
been tasked with developing a plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you that that they want to
do it right this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful. What would
Talen do? What would Larson do? What would you do? How would your strategies differ from those of the original urban
planners/designers of the project? Why would your strategies be more effective?
Pruitt Igo was a failure because it lacked diversity on all fronts. The planners of the project had good intentions but didn't foresee the
problems that were to come based on the decisions they made. The lack of funding for the public housing was another reason why it
failed. There was no wealth diversity so people couldn't even afford to maintain the public housing even if they wanted too. Emily
Talen would focus on diversity because she thinks that diversify plays a major roll not only in urban planning, but in all types of design.
Public housing is a small community so having people from different cultures and lifestyles would help the community grow because of
the exchange of different ideas and thoughts. Communities that have different lifestyles and thought are able to adapt to problems
and help each other out. Kent Larson would focus on building design and how people could live comfortably in a small amount of
space. His vision for the ideal small living space is having a modular wall system adapt to the needs of the occupants. A modular wall
system gives the occupants more space or less space depending on their family size or say, if they need more room in the kitchen or
bedroom, they could just slide the wall over. I would implement Larson's modular wall system. What makes this system compelling is not
only its adaptability, but how it could be standardized. A building constructed with this standardized wall system could hold more
people. There would no longer be a need to have rooms set at a certain size. If you are not using a room, you could push the wall

12. back allowing the occupant to have more space in the room that they are in. I would also take into account people of different
cultures and lifestyles. It’s also important to have education, health and police services near the public housing complex because you
would have a large amount of people living in a small area. These strategies would be more effective because it creates adaptable
spaces for an adaptable community. The most prosperous communities are ones that can adapt. Prutt lgo did not provide its
occupants with the ability to adapt because of how it was structured and its lack of diverse peoples.
Figure 10 http://www.pruitt-igoe.com/urban-history/

13. Response to F.L. Olmsted
Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best
planned city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this
claim? Would Olmsted still make that claim today? Why or why not?
Frederick Law Olmsted believed Buffalo was the best planned city in the world
because of its road layout and because of the various park systems which he
designed. Niagara square is located at the heart of Buffalo. and It has multiple streets
radiating out from it. Olmsted came up with the idea of creating a park system by
looking at the radiating streets in downtown buffalo. He decided to create multiple
parks and wanted to connect them by creating park ways, thus creating a park
system. The park system allowed people to journey through six miles of park without
ever feeling like they left any park. What made this unique was that it was never done
before. Olmsted may not make the claim that Buffalo is the greatest planned city
today because cities have evolved since his time and are striving to incorporate more
nature and greenery. The high line in New York City for example was originally an
elevated rail line that has been turned into a parkway. Another example is the
Hudson Yard Project which is the location for new skyscrapers for people to live, visit, or
work. More importantly, this project creates 14 acres of open public space when it is
completed in 2025. Architects and planners are combining open public space with
city buildings similar to how Olmsted combined parks with the city layout in Buffalo.
"Live, Shop, Work & Dine in New York." Hudson Yards. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2017.
Figure 11 http://buffaloah.com/a/archs/ov/hp.html

14. Response to Walter Hood's Work
Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the
person who will oversee this project, and that you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the
project. What would your landscape intervention commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad of
investigations' to design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the design will be? (Either written or visual
descriptions are acceptable).
In My Hometown of Medford, there is a small community park called
Peppermint Park that has been renovated over the past couple
years. Although the park is in good condition now, the area around
the park has no sidewalks or paths for people to easily access it. The
only way to get into the park is through the parking lot. There is a
forest area behind the park which is also located between the
schools, however, it is fenced off. I would memorialize the forest area
so that residential houses or commercial buildings couldn’t be built
on it. There is also an increase in garbage that has been dumped
there so memorializing this green space would prevent that from
happening. I would also create a pathway that would wind around
the trees and lead to the schools. There is another park on the other
side of the schools so creating this pathway through the forest would
create a park system. Since there are no sidewalks or pathways in the residential area in my town, this would be a safe way
for people to travel to the park with ease and would also help preserve a forested area.
Figure 12 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peppermint_Park;_Medford_-
_June_16,_2010.JPG

15. Response to the Brookes
The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that explore issues of race and
power. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to inform
and shock the public. While some consider the poster as an important component of the abolitionist campaign, it recently
“has been strongly criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing a very limited view of the
history of the transatlantic slave trade, resistance and abolition (Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an
image is dependent upon his/her social, economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic
that addresses racial issues and post it for others in your group to view. (Add it to your response by clicking on the picture in
the tools section. Do not add it as an attachment that needs to be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic? What is its
meaning? Now imagine that someone from a racial and cultural background different than your own is looking at the same
graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might s/he interpret its meaning? How might this differ from your interpretation?
What are the possible reasons for these differences? (Consider the three assessment principles mentioned in the article to
help you: a technology of vision, an instrument of empathy, and a symbol of control.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less
than 250 words.)
The Image is the implosion of a Pruitt-Igoe Building in July of 1972. The Pruitt-Igoe housing complex was originally a public
housing project that was designed to replace the slums. The project was a complete failure and was known for its crime,
poverty, and racial segregation. This image is iconic because it represented failed urban development. I interpret this
image as a projected that was destined to fail because it had no plan to be maintained after it was built. There was no
support for the mostly African American community occupying the buildings. People who wanted the buildings destroyed
would be happy that it was gone because of all the crime and poverty that occurred here. People who lived there could
have feelings of disappointment or anger because of the failed project that was supposed to be a place to call their

16. home. Instead they faced, segregation, and poor living conditions. People have different reactions and opinions on this
project based on their view. Residences of the buildings have had a different experience then people looking from the
outside in.
Figure 13 http://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2012/02/new-documentary-the-pruitt-igoe-myth-tells-of-the-rise-and-fall-of-americas-most-
infamous-housing-project-067223

17. Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work
Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and Culture
using equityXdesign’s core beliefs and/or designprinciples. (Use the beliefs or principles that are most relevant to your
critique rather than all of them.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.)
The MLK Memorial is a great example of
African American unity and commitment to
the idea of universal equality. People of all
races continue the pursue universal
equality so a nice addition to the MLK
Memorial would be the inclusion of those
people. equityXdesign's principles include the
idea of people connecting with one
another. MLK Memorial should in some way
incorporate the idea of people from multiple
races and cultures connecting to one
another. Today, and into the future, the
memorial should represent equality for all
because that was MLK's goal and his legacy.
Figure 14 https://www.britannica.com/topic/Martin-Luther-King-Jr-National-Memorial

18. Response to "Landscape Stories" Chapter
First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) that you think of as
representative of your own ethnic background and discuss why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an
object in your home that you think of as representative of your ethnic background and discuss why this object is considered
to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keep or continue when you establish
your own home? Why or why not?
Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape architects develop a
historical narrative that sifts through and interprets the culture and material of underrepresented groups. Think about the
community where you grew up. Describe and discuss any evidence of cultural influences on the physical environment in
your community. If possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add
photo/s.) Is this cultural influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not?
One object I thought that represents my ethic background is an Irish soccer Jersey. My father travels to different counties for
business and he often goes to Ireland. My great grandparents came from Ireland and passed through Ellis Island making me
100 percent Irish. My dad brought me home an Irish soccer jersey because I played soccer sine I was five and he thought it
was important two have something to represent our culture. I also really love having a Jersey from Ireland because it allows
me to combine my love for soccer and express my ethnic background. I plan on keeping the Jersey if I were to move
because it’s not a piece of clothing to be thrown away, it represents my Irish Background Soccer is a
completely different sport outside the United States. He always tells me how passionate people are when he goes to an
Irish pub to watch a football match. I hope to visit Ireland in the next couple of years to experience it for myself.

19. There are a couple of restaurants on one street that serve food from different cultures including Greek and Chinese. My
friend actually worked at the Greek restaurant and said that the area around it is becoming more developed which helps
persevere the restaurants future. A small green space is next to the restaurant now which was originally a dirt lot.
Figure 15 http://sportforbusiness.com/irish-soccers-twitterscape/

20. Response to Article on Sports Branding
Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example of the
larger controversy, but it receives the most public attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in
modern dictionaries, and the prominence of the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding
designers use ethnic references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why? Why not? What are some of the
complexities of this issue?
I think that sports branding could use ethnicity on a case by
case basis. Designers will not be able to appease everyone
and should try to reach the most amount of people with their
design. That being said, a great designer would try to
incorporate those who have different viewpoints. I don't think
sport names that already exist should change. When the
team names were made, there could of, and
probably was, racism involved. Today, the names of these
teams are viewed in a positive manner with no malicious or
racist intent. Of course there will be people offended since
you can't please everyone, but designers will never be able
to please everyone. There is racism and sexism thought
out human history and we can’t change that, but we can
change the future. Future brand designs should take into
account how people of all ethnicities will perceive the design and try to take into consideration their view points.
Figure 16 https://www.bna.com/redskins-brand-stake-n57982077645/

21. Response to "Visualizing Gender" Chapter
In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy
approaches: 1) get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a new example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to
gender issues, and post it in this thread. Cite the source.
First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the approach to communicate a gender issue. Is the
approach effective in this example? Why or why not? How could this graphic be improved?
The image below is clear and straight to the point. In the image you see a woman’s
face occupying most of the space and a male hand covering her mouth. The
background is considerably darker which helps emphasize her face. The woman has a
blue shirt on to make her blue eyes stand out more. The eyes are the most important
part of this image because they look directly into the eyes of the onlooker. Just by
looking just at the eyes, you can see that this person wants action from you
because she herself is not in a position to take action. She is unable to and is looking at
you for help. The gender issue here is domestic abuse or family violence. Although
there are no bruises on her to show violence, the hand that is covering her mouth
which wraps around her head, signifies how she is being forced not to speak. This
image is effective because it’s clear and simple. This indicates domestic abuse
which needs to be stopped. This image would be better if the text on bottom, which
has a phone number to call, was made large to read easier.Figure 17 Humanservices.alberta.ca

22. Response to Bathroom Bill
Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discrimination laws, and
required people to use the bathroom that corresponded with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This
prompted massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know, we all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve had the
proper etiquette situation for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political correctness we’re throwing away
basic etiquette.” Just this past Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while placing a
moratorium on nondiscrimination measures.
Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender written on their birth certificate?
State why AND state why not. In other words, to receive full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both
sides of the issue. As a designer, how would you solve this gender dilemma? Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this
question.
The side that believes people should use the bathroom that corresponds with their biological gender may argue that
people would feel uncomfortable going to the bathroom with someone who is the opposite sex. For example, a woman
may feel uncomfortable when a biological male comes into the bathroom. People who believe that you can change your
gender and that biological gender doesn't matter may be uncomfortable and feel awkward going into a bathroom that is
not the gender of their choice. For example, a female who dresses as a male would feel awkward going into the woman’s
bathroom because she’s dressed in men’s clothing. Trans gender people want to use the bathroom they are most
comfortable with but then that makes the people who of the opposite gender uncomfortable with using that
bathroom. Both points of view are valid because both may make people feel uncomfortable when going to the bathroom

23. with the opposite gender. A possible solution to this problem would be to create a gender neutral bathroom in addition to
the male and female bathrooms. This would allow all genders to feel comfortable when going into a bathroom.
Figure 18 https://billygraham.org/decision-magazine/april-2016/opening-the-door-to-evil-lgbt-activists-continue-bathroom-bill-push-nationwide/

24. Response to Carroll Article: “(Re)forming Regent Park: When Policy Does Not Equal Practice”
The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the project. What actions could be taken
to ensure more social integration for the older people living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park?
Regent Park is heavily focused on creating an
environment for a younger generation to grow up in
and has seemed to not have not focused as much
as it should have on the older generation of
residents. Older people living in the area should be
given a platform of some sort to voice what could be
improved for them. People tend to leave out the
older generation because of their age, however the
inclusion of older people in the community would
create a place of diverse ideas because of the
knowledge that they have. Not exactly in
technology but in family values and knowledge that
a person would learn only from life
experiences. Having a community area where youth
and the old could converse or participate in an
activity would bring the two generations together. An example would be wood working or creating art. There are many tips
and tricks that an older person who is skilled at woodworking could share with a younger person. When people are
interested in the same things, age doesn't really matter and relationships are formed allowing everyone to be included.
Figure 19 http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=182508

25. Response to Enriquez TED Talk: “What Will Humans Look Like in 100 Years?”
For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, which alters fundamental aspects of the body. We are
living longer than ever before in human history. Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the
possibility of living to 120 years of age and beyond is quite possible for many of us in this D+D class. Assuming that his
assertion is accurate, how do you think extended life spans will change our societies and built environments? What new
issues might designers face because of extended life spans?
Extended human life spans have the potential to
propel humanity forward in terms of knowledge and
innovation but is something that we would have to prepare
for. At this moment in time, we are dealing with over population
and climate change. People living longer would increase the
overall population which would increase the rate of climate
change. At the moment designers need to focus on creating a
sustainable society as well as creating structures that could
comfortably fit large amounts of people in s small amount of
space efficiently. Enriquez' talks about augmenting and altering the human body which would change how people would
interact with the environment. People could have sensors or data chips implanted that could control technology which
wouldn't be too far off considering we use hand gestures and voice commands to control technology today. Instead of
physically speaking or using your hand, people could just think of something and the chip would send a signal to the device
you were using. Designers have to think about how modified humans will use technology within them to interact with the
world, and how things such as privacy or security of an individual will be kept safe.
Figure 20 http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140923-im-blind-but-i-have-bionic-eyes

26. Response to PPT, Smithsonian, and Roy
The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models. The medical model of
disability views disability as a medical ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. The social model of disability, in
contrast, draws on the idea that it is society that disables people, through designing everything to meet the needs of the
majority of people who are not disabled. There is a recognition within the social model that there is a great deal that society
can do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society,
rather than the disabled person.
In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s TED Talk, you saw examples of ways
to engage disability that use the social model rather than the medical model. In the Disability and Design PowerPoint, you
were introduced to the concept of Universal Design (UD) (sometimes called inclusive design, design-for-all, or human-
centered design). Certainly, UD embraces the social model of disability. In this same PowerPoint, you saw positive and
negative examples of each of the seven principles of universal design.
Describe the specific features of the positive example and the specific features of the negative example. Discuss ways that
the positive example could be even further improved.
Stairs combined with a ramp is one example. This allows people to walk up the stairs or use the ramp if they are in a
wheelchair. The staircase allows those in wheel chairs to take the same path as those who walk up the stairs allowing them
to feel no different from any other person. Usually there are ramps separate from the stairs. This design allows for both
empowering people in wheel chairs. This design could be improved by having the ramp a different color than the stairs so
that people using the stairs don't lose their footing when they reach the ramp because they may have not seen it or wasn't
paying attention.

27. This image shows a ramp that is used for bikes,
strollers, and wheelchairs. The problem is that it is
really steep. Although its placed right next to the
stairs, a person in a wheelchair would be unable to
go up without assistance. This could make them feel
disempower. A solution would be take make the
ramp less steep by making it longer allowing it to be
more assessable.
Figure 21 http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_YeBbEPb5EuY/SMjMl6aMHYI/AAAAAAAAElw/imkyDgqx08o/s1600-
h/P1000216.JPG

28. Response to Survey, FIXED, and Stelarc
In the film trailer FIXED, you were introduced to the dilemma of living in a culture in which the “science-fiction of human
enhancement” has become almost a way of life, from prenatal genetic screening to bionic body parts. In the video, “A
Man with Three Ears” you are introduced to an artist who is using current technology to move humans beyond their current
abilities. Last week, Juan Enriquez asked us if it is ethical to evolve the human body. All of these videos suggest that the
concept of disability ‘as we know it’ could cease to exist in the future.
This leads us to this week’s discussion question:
What lessons do you think we should learn from history when thinking about emerging enhancement technologies
and reproductive technologies? What are some of the possible consequences (both positive and negative) of being able to
design our bodies and the bodies of our children? What ethical quandaries do these technologies pose?
Emerging enhancement technologies will change not only people, but how people will view and interact with each
other. Throughout history, humans have discriminated against people base on many things such as race, ethnicity, gender,
etc. People who are genetically engineered maybe viewed differently in society then a person who was naturally born with
no enhancements. if a parent could design their child, they would most likely give them character tics that would be
considered valuable in human society. Naturally born people may feel ins superior causing which could lead to conflicts
between enhanced and natural born people. Being able to design a child also brings up the question whether or not the
child will choose what they want to do in life. If a parent can choose their child's characteristics, this could affect which
profession they would go into based on what they are capable of. On the positive side of things, enhanced humans will be
capable of having increased intelligence which could contribute to helping solve or prevents world problems.

29. Figure 22 http://thehigherlearning.com/2015/04/24/chinese-scientists-just-genetically-modified-human-embryos-for-the-first-time-ever/

30. Response to Titicut Follies
Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts Correctional Facility? Why or why
not? How might this film be of value to designers (communication designers, product, designers, architects, interior
designers, planners, landscape designers, systems designers, and/or social designers)? In other words, what might they
gain from this film that they could use in their work?
Privacy and video recording are an important topic now a days so it’s interesting how
this was also a problem in the 1967 Documentary Titicut Follies. I don't think that he
initially had the right to record them because he didn't get their permission, however,
he was able to show people who watched the documentary the living conditions
inside the facility so some good came out of that decision. He did get permission from
the caretakers but it’s still important to ask or at least mention to the residences that
they are going to be recorded because it shows the residence respect even if they
are unable to give consent. Designers could gain information on how to design rooms
for one or single occupant. Living conditions could be improved so that the rooms
that they sleep in are more organize or better suited for the individuals need. Having a
room that could be modified for an occupants need would be beneficial for
designers.
23https://spybusters.blogspot.com/2013/11/security-
director-alert-draft-no.html

31. Response to PPT, the Architecture of Autism, Public Space
The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children live in Amherst, New York in a $650,000 home at the end of a cul-de-sac on the
edge of a ten acre woods. The town has purchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans to build a group home for
ten intellectually challenged adults.
As a resident of the neighborhood, would you support or oppose this proposal and why?
You've learned additional information about the residents of the proposed group home in your neighborhood. In 2013, three of the ten
intended residents exhibited challenging behaviors including screaming, public masturbation, repetitive rocking, and echolalia
(elective incontinence). However, these behaviors have not occurred since then.
How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your neighborhood?
The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposal to build a group home in the neighborhood.
Town officials agreed that the home would not be built in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors could develop a workable
alternative.
What are some possible solutions that would allow the residents of the home to be provided with “the same basic human rights as the
rest of the population”?
I don't think having intellectually challenged neighbors would drastically impact my life so I don't have a problem with it. So long as
they are under control and not causing havoc in the neighborhood, people shouldn't be too worried about. What I mean by havoc is
exhibiting challenging behaviors that are very inappropriate or harmful to other people in the community. These behaviors haven't
happened for a while so the residence should be given a chance. If it becomes a consistent problem in the community, relocation
might have to be an option for the residence. If the residence can't live in the community, an alternative plan would be to design a
building that would be built towards the edge of a residential neighborhood. The residence would still be part of the neighborhood,
but they would make less of a negative impact on the community then if they were located right in the center. Adding parks and
recreational space near the building will allow interactions between the intellectually challenged and other residence in the
community. The building in which they would live would have a court yard in the center and a large windows overlooking the

32. park. This will make the occupants feel part of the community because they can then walk to the park. The court yard in the middle
would act as their own private park or community where they can interact with each other.
24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomson_Memorial_Park.JPG

33. Response to Prospects for the Future of Diversity and Design
Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge, problem, or question that your field
needs to tackle right now? What do you plan to do to address this challenge, problem, or question either as part of your
studies or professional life?
I'm an architecture major so the biggest challenge in my
profession is trying to design a part of a building or
structure which is multipurpose and accommodates the
needs of its inhabitants while still pushing design and
innovation forward. What I mean by this is throughout this
class, we've learned that many different kinds of people in
habit a structure and have different needs. A good
design, whether it be a building or a product, has to have
the ability be used by different people. A building for
example will have to include ramps and elevators for the
disabled. A good architect will try to integrate these into
the buildings overall concept and not just plop a ramp
down but instead create an experience for all the
people who use the structure which is a difficult task. To address this problem, it’s important to know your client and the
people who will be using the structure. Before designing the building, I would go to the area where the structure is being
build and would see who the people in the area are. I would ask myself, who am I designing for, what are are their needs,
how can I design a building to improve conditions, functionality and also create an innovative design?
25https://architectinperson.wordpress.com/2012/08/30/do-you-want-to-be-an-architect/

34. Response to the Connection Between Religion and Urban Planning by David Engwicht
Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. (If you are not familiar with any places of worship, do a bit
of research on one in your own city or town.) Show a photograph of this religious structure. (You may use photographs from
the web.) What roles has this place served in the development of your city/town? How has it influenced the design of the
area around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this place of worship play in the future development
of your city/town?
The Jesus Lord Church is located closest church to me that I could think
of. It was built in 1981 and has been serving the community for 32
years. The church has visited people in nursing homes, shelters, prisons,
hospitals and have also done a great deal of charity. Overtime, more
kinds of events are taken place such as playing baseball at a park
which can be found on the churches face book page. The church
hasn't really effected the buildings around it in terms of
design because it is mostly isolated. It is right by a highway on/off ramp
but around the building are trees. The building was designed more so
for functionality over form and can seat up to 1,200 people. The church could organizer even more kinds of events that
can bring the community together like another sporting event or picnic.
26 http://ekingdomsites.com/Templates/Template%202017/about.html