The document discusses different models of business incubation including for-profit, not-for-profit, and technology business incubators. It describes the key characteristics and features of each model, focusing on their financial support structures, entry criteria, services provided, and objectives. Technology business incubators are specifically linked to technical universities and aim to support new and emerging technologies through management assistance and infrastructure.

1. Models of Business Incubation By S. Aravazhi Deputy Manager Agri-Business Incubator

2. Types of Incubators For profit Strong financial support to tenants Rigorous screening Large equity share Not for profit Moderate financial support to tenants Open entry or simple screening No or small equity share

3. Specific Features of Technology Business Incubators Generally linked to technical universities Links Established within a technology park or close to other sources of technological support Location May require specific technical infrastructure and a network of service providers Services Management & mentoring staff require specific expertise in dev’t of technology-led businesses Staff

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF INCUBATION MODELS BASED ON THE SPONSORS Technology related to sponsor’s focus New and emerging technologies Technology focus SMEs Industry Sector Develop new and complementary technologies Capitalize on investments Technology transfer, commercialisation Local economic growth Objectives Incubator discretion Readiness for a liquidity event Visibility of Business Visibility of Business Graduating Promising technology Promising technology ( well developed) Promising idea or technology Promising idea or technology Entry criteria Corporate Institutional Advisory Advisory Governance Control or strong interest maintained None None or informal None or casual Relationship after graduation Mentoring Capital Rental space, Shared services, access to knowledge Rental space, Shared services Services Profit Profit Non-profit Non-Profit Profit Orientation INDUSTRY SPONSORED FI /VC//ANGEL SPONSORED INSTITUTION BASED PUBLIC- PRIVATE CHARACTERISTICS

5. PRIMARY FACTORS AFFECTING BUSINESS INCUBATION NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR INDUSTRIALISATION VENTURE FINANCE ACCESS TO SKILL AND COMPETENCIES

6. Technology business incubators are dynamic instruments of regional economic development Technology Incubation System Every technology incubator center is an unique entity replace entrepreneurial initiative and markets create better conditions for entrepreneurship   What Business Incubators Can and Cannot Do Can not: Can:

7. TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS PROMOTING BUSINESS INCUBATORS-INDIA BUSINESS INCUBATORS NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS 2 FINANCIAL INST 2 GOVERNMENTS 96 INDUSTRY 3 TECHNICAL INST 7

8. TECHNOLOGY FOCUS IN BUSINESS INCUBATORS-NSTEDB PROMOTED

9. Operational Models BRICKS AND MORTAR (BAM) VIRTUAL, PORTAL OR WITHOUT WALLS THE HUB / VENTURE INCUBATOR EGGUBATOR

10. BRICKS AND MORTAR (BAM) It represents the historical model of business incubation, which focuses on physical facilities, office support and limited on-site services It has a nuclear structure in that it is a facility providing very little alliances with external entities. The incubator provides a very limited amount of services, which may include a receptionist, a telephone, a photocopier and the likes. It is unlikely that considerable management expertise is available, but one individual may be there to provide limited coaching and direction

11. VIRTUAL, PORTAL OR WITHOUT WALLS Virtual incubator is described as an organization which is set up on the Internet and which provides a wide data bank and information, with the possibility of stimulating new business. They connect companies, customers, suppliers, partners and the operating management of the virtual incubator with each other through the Internet, electronic data interchange, videoconferences, etc. Easy access to a wide range of services, no administrative costs associated with physical facilities, and ease in seeking associates and serving clients, globally Lack of human interaction that delimits its clientele, since many seek personalized humanized services, in addition to the electronic medium. Virtual incubators can be classified into Venture Incubators, Venture Accelerators, Venture Portals and Venture Networks. Of these, only the Venture Incubator will usually offer physical space.

12. HUB / VENTURE INCUBATOR Many of these incubators have come on board in the past year. Hubs combine the strengths from both the BAM model and the portal model into a central office. Specialized divisions within the incubator offer a good range of services. A limited amount of funding is available to the incubatees. Yet, the incubators network with the outside is underdeveloped, loose, informal and inconsistent.”

13. EGGUBATOR” It has an orbital structure, in that it has a strong core in the center that ensures good vertical information flow, and multi-layered orbits/affiliations that allow high quality information circulation both horizontally and multi-directionally, across the layers. It offers a “total” range of services; its devoted alliances and partnerships represent a perfect entrepreneurial network where access to a needed service is offered at any time. These alliances and partnerships also have internal sources of funding built into the system. An attempt at a visual representation of the incubator model that is most likely to survive the tribulations of time shows the yoke of the “Eggubator” as the incubator proper, with its Board of Directors. It is, in essence, the parent company, the service provider, the source of networking and support, the cradle, and the hatchery.”

14. Examples -Incubator Models in India STEP Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Park, Initially Started with focus on Entrepreneurship Development among Technical Graduates, some of them evolved into TBIs –Public support TBI Technology Business Incubator with focus on developing start-up enterprises in Emerging areas of Technology- Public and Private STPI Software Technology Parks of India, initially started to promote software development companies, also entered into Technology Business Incubation in ICT areas-Public Support

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