The city of Arad is located in western Romania on the banks of the Mures River. It was first mentioned in the 11th century and was ruled by the Kingdom of Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Habsburg Empire. In the 19th-20th centuries, Arad became an important economic and cultural center. In 1918, Arad played a key role in the movement for Romanian unification. Today, Arad is the capital of Arad County and the third largest city in western Romania.