Blood Bank

1. APPROPIATE USE OF BLOOD
• The appropriate use of blood and blood products is a
topic that involves the clinical decision making and
ethical principles of transfusion medicine.
• It aims to ensure that blood transfusion is done only
when necessary, safe, and effective for the patient,
and that the blood supply is used rationally and
responsibly.

2. • Transfusion carries the risk of adverse reactions and
transfusion reactions
• plasma can transmit alot of infections present in whole
blood.there are very few indications for its transmissions.
• blood carries by family donors carries high risk of
transfusion transmissible reactions than donated
volunteery non-remunerated donors.
• blood should not be yransfused unless it has been
obtained appropiate selected donors, and has been
screened and must be compatbile between donors cell
and patients antibodies.

3. CLINICLE TRANSFUSION
PROCEDURE
• EVERY HOSPITAL SHOULDHAVE STANDERD OPERATING
PROCEDURE
• FOR EACH STAGE OF CLINICLE TRANSFUSION PROCESS.
ALL STAFF SHOULD FOLLOW THEM.
• clear communication between clinicle and blood bank bank staff.
• blood bank should not issue the blood unless a blood request has
been correctly completed.
• blood products should be stored in specific temprature and
conditions. and during transportaion.

4. PRECAUTIONS TO FOLLOW
• The transfusion of an incompatible blood companenets is
the most common cause of acute transfusion reaction
which which may be fetal
• The safe administration of blood depand upon;
 Acuurate, unique identifation of blood.
 Collect lebelling of blood.
 A final identity check of patient and blood to ensure the
administration of the right blood to right patient.

5. • for each unit of blood transfused, the patient should be
monitored
• by a trained member of staff before, and completion,
during and completion of transfusion

6. PURPOSE
• To Restore the blood volume when there is sudden loss
of blood due to haemorrhage, trauma and burn
• To raise the haemoglobin level when not corrected by
iron and vitamin therapy.
• To treat deficiencies of plasma proteins, clotting factors,
and haemophillic globins etc.
• To provide antibodies to those persons who are sick
and having immunity by giving blood or plasma taken
from persons who has just recovered from same
diseases.

7. • To refresh blood with hemolytic agents with fresh in
case of Erythroblastosis foetalis and haemolytic
anemia etc
• To imrove leucocyte count of bloiod as in
agranulocytosis.

8. General Instructions for
blood Donation
• Donor should be free of diseases Heart , Kidney ,lungs and liver
etc.
• There should be no history of cancer, jaundice hepatitis,
tuberculosis,
• allergies and transmissible diseases.
• They have not donated blood in previous 90 days.
• They should be physically healthy and should be betwwn 50 and 80
• with same height and average weight.
• Donor must be in normal temorature, pulse and blood pressure.
• They must not be pregnant within in last 6 months.

9. • There haemoglobin must be more than 13 grams per litre
• Blood compatibility test shoukd be performed. before
transfusion.
• before patient leave the hospital pulse rate should be
checked and should be asked as to have any giddines.

10. collection and storage of blood
• The donors blood is taken in sterile container containing
anticoagulants like CPD(citrate phosphate dextrose).
• All the articles should be sterile while taking blood
• each donon unit must be lebbelled with clean ad readable
words and bearing the following the information to be verified
at the time of administration.
• Name of donor RH typing
• Donor Number Date of drawing blood
• ABO grouping Date of expirey
• Test result for syphillus and hepatitis.

12. Blood and its components
• Blood components are those derived
from whole blood colloected from
normal donor by using phelobotomy
using techniques of centrifugation.
• These are prepared in blood banks in
hospitals or in lab.

13. Component of whole blood
• Whole blood bag contains
approximately 450 litre of blood.
• Plasma
• Red Blood Cells
• Leukocytes
• Platelets
• Cyroprecipitate
• They required optimal atorage and
preservation for proper functions.

14. • RBCs have higher specific gravity thus
settles in lower portion of bag.
• Obtained by centifuging whole blood at
5000 rpm for 5 min
• A unit of RBCs is made by removing
plasma from it.
• Volume;250 _300 ml
• Storage temprature; 2_6
• Shelf life; 35 days

15. Contin...
• It contains
• Heamatocrit level between 55_75%.
• Haemoglobin level >40gdl.
• Leucocytes counts < 2×109/unit

16. • RBCs are used to increase delivery of oxygen to blood.
• These can be tranfused via whole blood and Packed Red
cells concentrate.
• It opproximately contains 250mg of iron .
• 1 unit of RCC increases HB level by 1 gm/L and
haematocrit level by 3.
• RCC should be given when Hb level is less th 6 gm/dl and
if there is hypovoleimia in body the whole is suggested.

17. Contin...
• RBCs are tranfused due to low hb from iron deficiency
and any kind anemias.
• It should not be used as long standing anemias which can
be treated with iron and vitamin supplements.
• It should no be used to increase blood volume.

18. Fresh Frozen Plasma
• It is and frozen within hours at -20 degree and can be
used within a year.
• It must be thaw before use.
• It is given to patient with deficiency of clotting factors with
prolonged bleeding time.
• Indicated for patients having plannedvsurgery but
abnormal coagulation profile tests.
• Use as antidot of warfarin and thrombocytpenic purpura
when vitamin K in ineddiquate to reverse it .

19. Contraindication.
• FFPs are contraindicated for the reversal of induced
anticoagulants by Heparin, direct thrombin.
• Citrate toxicity can cause hypocalcemia present mostly in
FFPs.
• We use double bag to obtaine plasma after centrifugation.
• It contains albumin and other proteins and can be used to
maintain blood volume and ocotic pressure of blood.

20. Platelets.
• Each unit of platelets contains 7_10000/mili meter cube.
• Platelets are transfused to prevent bleeding in patient
from low platelets counts.
• Usually less than 10,000/ micro leter
• During surgery less than 50,000/ microleter.
• It is given to patient having Thrombotic Thrmbocytopenic
Purpura and Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia.