This article analyzes the morphological structures that resulted from German immigration settlements in Espírito Santo, Brazil in the mid-19th century. It recognizes the adoption of river courses for land parceling and location of settlements in high, cold lands. Three types of urban forms are identified: Strassendorf structured by a central trade route; Angerdorf where the central route widens to a square; and Haufendorf from spontaneous growth. The analysis finds Strassendorf, characterized by a main commercial street, was predominant in Santa Leopoldina and Santa Maria de Jetibá. Further investigations of German immigrant cities' urban morphology in Espírito Santo are proposed.

1. Application of morphological concepts to
characterize German immigration’s
nucleus in Brazil
Laboratório Patrimônio & Desenvolvimento (Patri_Lab)
patri_lab@car.ufes.br
patrilabufes@gmail.com
Bruno Amaral de Andade
Mestrando em Arquitetura e Urbanismo pela UFES, e Pesquisador do Patri_Lab. Vitória [ES], Brasil.
andrade.bruno@live.com
Elisa Machado Taveira
Màster en Urbanismo/UPC/Espanha, Patri_Lab/UFES
elisataveira@gmail.com
Renata Hermanny de Almeida
Arquiteta Urbanista; Doutora em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, pela UFBA (2005), Coordenadora do Patri_Lab.
Vitória [ES], Brasil. <renatahermanny@gmail.com>
Red Baloon
Paul Klee ‘s painting

2. Source:
http://www.mcm-sr.com.br/assistencia_tecnica.php?uf=es;
Location
Fonte: ANDRADE, 2012
Source:
<http://www.cesan.com.br/page.php?25>.

3. • This article seeks to analyze comparatively morphological
structures as a result from German immigration’s occupation
in Espírito Santo, from middle XIX century. For this
investigation, Gunter Weimer’s advanced studies it’s assumed
as reference, concentrated in the decades of 1970 and 1980,
about German architecture in Brazil’s southern region. The
intention is to recognize and present by mappings some
morphological configuration’s particularities of urban sites
located in Espírito Santo;
• It is recognized, in the territory’s dimension, both the
adoption of courses of rivers as structural elements of land
parceling, as the location of settlements in high and cold
lands. In urban dimension, it is identified three types of
nucleation: Strassendorf, urban form structured by central
trade route; Angerdorf, urban form that the central trade
route widens open to a square; and Haufendorf, urban form
derived from a spontaneous growth.

4. Ancient Santa Leopoldina Colony (sec XIX). Source: Arquivo Nacional/Brasil

5. • German immigration urban form in Brazil:
• The city must be safe over a mountain’s back or protected by a river;
must have a market, a long and wide main street that reaches a large
square in the center. It’s streets’ system should be understandable at
first sight ... The church with its cemetery should be separated from
the traffic, but so that the largest nave and the bell tower, emerging
from the housetops, dominates the main square. (Peluso, 1991,
p.392, cited in Mattedi, 2009).
Strassendorf, characteristic urban form. Lubeck. Source: Mattedi, 2009

6. Urban form in Domingos Martins / Espírito Santo
Sources:
(a): http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=509488&page=2;
e (b) Ortofotomosaico IEMA 2007/2008.
Angerdorf

7. Urban form in Marechal Floriano / Espírito Santo
Source:
Strassendorf
Source: Radig (p. 100, apud WEIMER, 2005).
(a): http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=509488&page=2;
e (b) Ortofotomosaico IEMA 2007/2008.

8. Urban form in Santa Leopoldina / Espírito Santo
Strassendorf
Source: Radig (p. 100, apud WEIMER, 2005).
Source. (a): Acervo do Patri_Lab;
(b) : Ortofotomosaico IEMA 2007/2008.

9. Urban form in Santa Maria de Jetibá / Espírito Santo
Haufendorf
Source:
Source: Weimer (2004, p.59)
(a): http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=509488&page=2;
e (b) Ortofotomosaico IEMA 2007/2008.

10. Urban nucleus form constituted by German immigration.
A comparative matrix.

11. Conclusion
• Importantly, this is an initial approach to German colonization in Brazil urban
heritage studies, especially in Espírito Santo experience.
• The urban context stands out the settlement from nucleation, and the
structured pathway dominance surrounding a road, generally central and
characterized functionally by the prevalence of commercial activity. The built
settle, consisting of peculiar architecture and detached and distant position,
distinguished the single central tower church, if any.
• The urban morphology analysis, from Günter Weimer, in Santa Leopoldina and
Santa Maria de Jetibá, in Espírito Santo, presents a Strassendorf formal type
predominant, ie the urban design structured from a main street, commercial,
one of the German colonization central marks in Brazil, in addition, it’s noted the
river role in choosing the occupation locus, however, is not a protagonist urban
form role.
• As future deployments, it’s pointed out urban morphology related
investigations in other immigrants cities (Weimer, 2004) in Espírito Santo; from a
deepening in specific literature, focused on Werner Radig, in German language,
with the objective of identifying and mapping the immigration nucleus settle in
Espírito Santo, from the nineteenth century, territorialized in the Santa Maria da
Vitoria and Jucu river basins.