The global blockchain technology market was valued at US$315.9 million in 2015 and is expected to reach US$20 billion by 2024. Blockchain technology refers to a distributed database for all digital transactions that eliminates the need for a third party to authenticate transactions. IAB, GroupM and Nasdaq believe blockchain has the potential to create transparency in digital marketing by cutting off bot traffic and protecting brands from unsavory content. MetaX runs an adChain registry that uses an "adToken" cryptocurrency to incentivize determining reputability of publishers for whitelisting. Burger King launched a loyalty program called Whoppercoin in Russia where customers can redeem one burger for 1700 coins or trade and transfer coins