SharePoint mini training (korte en praktische introductie)HansRontheWeb
SharePoint mini training. Vogelvlucht overzicht van functionaliteit, structuur en werking van SharePoint. Enkele simpele voorbeelden en oefeningen om kennis te maken met de basis vaardigheden voor het gebruik van SharePoint.
Meer en diepgaander materiaal en begeleiding hierbij is beschikbaar bij hansrontheweb@live.com
SharePoint mini training (korte en praktische introductie)HansRontheWeb
SharePoint mini training. Vogelvlucht overzicht van functionaliteit, structuur en werking van SharePoint. Enkele simpele voorbeelden en oefeningen om kennis te maken met de basis vaardigheden voor het gebruik van SharePoint.
Meer en diepgaander materiaal en begeleiding hierbij is beschikbaar bij hansrontheweb@live.com
RGBand - Roots Rock & Blues - Treviso - Italy
One Sheet Bio del quartetto guidato dal cantante ed armonicista Riccardo Grosso che vede Stefano Pagotto alla chitarra, Massimo Fantinelli al basso e Marco Manassero alla batteria.
Sito web: www.rgband.com
"That Blues Between Nick Cave and Tom Waits"
How The Government Shutdown Affects Your Credit and Finances [Infographic]Lexington Law Firm
Despite all hope, the government shutdown commenced on Monday after Congress failed to pass the new budget. While we wait for those on Capitol Hill to resolve their issues, it’s important to understand how the short and long-term effects of the shutdown relate to you. Will they affect your finances? If so, what will the change mean for your credit repair efforts?
How To Excel Under The Pressure Of Tough Boardroom QuestionsAnettGrant
One of the key skills executives have to master at board meetings is answering the question the way it was asked.
Executives have to avoid the temptation to use the board members’ questions as a springboard to a discussion of what
they think about an issue, providing background, context, and other peripheral analysis.
The document discusses periderm, the protective layer of bark that forms in plants. It is composed of three layers: the phellogen or cork cambium, the phellem or cork layer, and the phelloderm. The document describes where the phellogen layer originates in different plant species, either just under the epidermis or deeper in the stem tissue. It also discusses lenticels, which allow gas exchange, and rhytidome, the layers of old periderm. Commercial cork is harvested from cork oak trees.
Secondary growth occurs in woody stems and roots through the activity of vascular cambium, which adds secondary xylem inward and secondary phloem outward. This increases the girth of the plant. In temperate regions, tree rings form from differences between early and late secondary xylem, and can be used to estimate a tree's age and study past climate. Cork cambium also forms a protective periderm layer over the stem. Together, secondary growth and protective layers allow woody plants to grow larger.
RGBand - Roots Rock & Blues - Treviso - Italy
One Sheet Bio del quartetto guidato dal cantante ed armonicista Riccardo Grosso che vede Stefano Pagotto alla chitarra, Massimo Fantinelli al basso e Marco Manassero alla batteria.
Sito web: www.rgband.com
"That Blues Between Nick Cave and Tom Waits"
How The Government Shutdown Affects Your Credit and Finances [Infographic]Lexington Law Firm
Despite all hope, the government shutdown commenced on Monday after Congress failed to pass the new budget. While we wait for those on Capitol Hill to resolve their issues, it’s important to understand how the short and long-term effects of the shutdown relate to you. Will they affect your finances? If so, what will the change mean for your credit repair efforts?
How To Excel Under The Pressure Of Tough Boardroom QuestionsAnettGrant
One of the key skills executives have to master at board meetings is answering the question the way it was asked.
Executives have to avoid the temptation to use the board members’ questions as a springboard to a discussion of what
they think about an issue, providing background, context, and other peripheral analysis.
The document discusses periderm, the protective layer of bark that forms in plants. It is composed of three layers: the phellogen or cork cambium, the phellem or cork layer, and the phelloderm. The document describes where the phellogen layer originates in different plant species, either just under the epidermis or deeper in the stem tissue. It also discusses lenticels, which allow gas exchange, and rhytidome, the layers of old periderm. Commercial cork is harvested from cork oak trees.
Secondary growth occurs in woody stems and roots through the activity of vascular cambium, which adds secondary xylem inward and secondary phloem outward. This increases the girth of the plant. In temperate regions, tree rings form from differences between early and late secondary xylem, and can be used to estimate a tree's age and study past climate. Cork cambium also forms a protective periderm layer over the stem. Together, secondary growth and protective layers allow woody plants to grow larger.
Meristems are regions of active cell division that give rise to the different cell types in plants. There are two types of meristems - primary meristems result in growth in length through cell division while secondary meristems result in growth in width. Plants are composed of three main tissue types - dermal tissues which form the outer layers, ground tissues which make up the internal structure, and vascular tissues which transport water and nutrients. These tissues are made up of specialized cell types that carry out functions like protection, photosynthesis, storage, and transport.
This document summarizes research on the diversity of Psathyrella fungi in the Punjab region of India. Three new Psathyrella species were discovered during surveys of various habitats across four districts. The species were systematically analyzed using microscopic characteristics and compared to known taxa. Overall the study found diversity within the genus Psathyrella in Punjab and identified three new species, contributing to the knowledge of agaric fungi in the region.
Three new species of the genus Agaricus were discovered in Punjab, India between 2008-2012: A. stellatus-cuticus, A. punjabensis, and A. patialensis. A. stellatus-cuticus is characterized by a stellate splitting cap surface and abundant cheilocystidia. A. punjabensis is campestroid with an annulate stipe lacking brown scales and a pileus cuticle that does not change in KOH. A. patialensis has small, golden brown carpophores with a distinctly bulbous stipe. These new discoveries were identified through detailed examination of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.
This document discusses various methods for germline transformation in plants. It begins with introducing germline transformation as the process of altering an organism's genetic makeup by inserting new DNA into its genome, usually using vectors like plasmids. It then describes several methods for accomplishing plant transformation, including the pollen tube pathway method, Agrobacterium-mediated method, electrofusion, floral dip method, and biolistic method. The document provides details on the history and protocol of the pollen tube pathway method for plant transformation.
1) The document discusses various types of embryogenesis including the Onagrad, Asterad, Solanad, Chenopodiad, and Caryophyllad types.
2) It provides examples of plant families that exhibit each type and describes how the apical and basal cells divide and contribute to embryo formation.
3) General patterns of embryo development are described for dicots using Ceratocephalus falcatus as an example, and for monocots using Najas lacerata.
The vascular cambium is a lateral meristem that increases the diameter of stems and roots through secondary growth. It is composed of fusiform initials that divide to form vertical tissues and ray initials that form horizontal tissues. In dicots, intrafascicular cambium initially develops within vascular bundles and interfascicular cambium develops between bundles, eventually joining to form a complete cambial ring. The cambium divides to produce secondary xylem internally and secondary phloem externally. Its seasonal activity varies the structure of the tissues produced.
Wall ingrowths are specialized structures that increase the surface area of plant cell membranes. They are formed through localized deposition of cell wall material which causes invaginations of the plasma membrane. There are three main types of wall ingrowths - flange, reticulate, and papillate. Flange ingrowths resemble secondary cell walls while reticulate ingrowths branch and fuse to form fenestrations. Papillate ingrowths are initially disorganized cellulose deposits that become surrounded by callose and cell wall proteins. Transfer cells are specialized plant cells that facilitate nutrient transport through extensive wall ingrowths that amplify the plasma membrane surface area.
Reaction wood forms in trees in response to gravitational stimuli that cause stems or branches to bend or lean. There are two types of reaction wood - tension wood in angiosperms and compression wood in gymnosperms. Tension wood forms on the upper side of leaning branches and stems and has high cellulose content, helping pull the branch upwards. Compression wood forms on the lower side and has high lignin, helping straighten and compress the leaning area. The formation of reaction wood helps maintain the angle of bent or leaning parts of trees through its differing mechanical properties compared to normal wood.
Plasmodesmata are narrow strands of cytoplasm that connect adjacent plant cells and allow for transport of substances between cells. They were first observed under light microscopes in 1879 but required electron microscopes to confirm their nature as cytoplasmic strands. Plasmodesmata contain a plasma membrane-lined channel and a desmotubule made of tightly constricted endoplasmic reticulum. Substances move between cells through the region between the desmotubule and plasma membrane, called the cytoplasmic sleeve. Plasmodesmata are either primary, formed during cell division, or secondary, formed across existing cell walls.
The document discusses different types of secretory tissues in plants, specifically laticifers. Laticifers are specialized parenchyma cells that transport latex, a suspension containing various substances like resins, proteins, oils, alkaloids and sugars. Laticifers can be non-articulate or articulate. Non-articulate laticifers are long multinucleated cells that branch extensively through tissues. Articulate laticifers form longitudinal chains of cells joined end to end, resembling xylem vessels. Articulate laticifers can be non-anastomosing or anastomosing, where the latter form net-like reticula through lateral connections. Specific plant families and examples of
#1. Xerophytes and hydrophytes have anatomical adaptations to reduce water loss and absorb water efficiently.
#2. Xerophytes develop thick cuticles, sunken stomata, hair coverage, rolling leaves, reduced leaf surface area, and water storage tissues.
#3. Hydrophytes have thin cuticles, air chambers for gas exchange and buoyancy, and absorb water through their entire surfaces.
Dendrochronology is the study of tree rings to determine a tree's age and learn about past climate conditions. It works by matching patterns of wide and narrow tree rings between core samples from the same tree and across different trees. This technique, called crossdating, allows scientists to assign exact years to each tree ring. Dendrochronology reveals that tree growth and ring patterns correlate with climate - trees grow better rings in warm, wet conditions and poorer rings when cold and dry. Only trees in temperate zones exhibit clear annual growth rings due to seasonal climate changes.
Lenticels are raised spots on tree bark through which gas exchange occurs. They form under stomata and their number depends on stomata. Lenticels develop as parenchyma cells near stomata divide irregularly, forming loose colorless cells called complementary cells. Complementary cells increase in number, pushing against the epidermis and causing it to rupture. There are three types of lenticels distinguished by their filling tissue composition and structure. Lenticels allow for gas exchange at night or when stomata are closed and permit a small amount of transpiration.
Structural and biochemical defense mechanisms help plants defend against pathogens. Structural defenses include pre-existing structures like cuticular wax, thick cuticles, and tough cell walls, as well as structures that develop after infection, such as cell wall thickening, callose deposition, and formation of layers and cork. Biochemical defenses include pre-existing inhibitors that prevent pathogen germination and growth, as well as responses after infection like phytoalexin production, oxidative burst, and hypersensitive response cell death. These multifaceted defense strategies help plants resist invading pathogens.
1. A
P
O
MI
X
I
S
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
A
p
o
mi
x
i
s
,
d
e
r
i
v
e
df
r
o
mt
w
oG
r
e
e
k
w
o
r
d“
A
P
O
”
(
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m)
a
n
d“
MI
X
I
S
”
(
a
c
t
o
f
mi
x
i
n
go
r
mi
n
g
l
i
n
g
)
.
T
h
ef
i
r
s
td
i
s
c
o
v
e
r
yo
ft
h
i
sp
h
e
n
o
me
n
o
ni
sc
r
e
d
i
t
e
dt
oL
e
u
w
e
n
h
o
c
ka
se
a
r
l
ya
s i
nC
i
t
r
u
s
s
e
e
d
s
I
na
p
o
mi
x
e
s
,
s
e
e
d
sa
r
ef
o
r
me
db
u
tt
h
ee
mb
r
y
o
sd
e
v
e
l
o
pw
i
t
h
o
u
tf
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
eg
e
n
o
t
y
p
eo
ft
h
ee
mb
r
y
oa
n
dr
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
gp
l
a
n
tw
i
l
l
b
et
h
es
a
mea
st
h
es
e
e
dp
a
r
e
n
t
.
D
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
n
:
“
T
h
ep
r
o
c
e
s
so
fd
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
to
fd
i
p
l
o
i
de
mb
r
y
o
sw
i
t
h
o
u
tf
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
”O
r
“
A
p
o
mi
x
i
si
saf
o
r
m o
fa
s
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
nt
h
a
to
c
c
u
r
sv
i
as
e
e
d
s
,
i
nw
h
i
c
he
mb
r
y
o
sd
e
v
e
l
o
pw
i
t
h
o
u
t
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
”O
r
“
A
p
o
mi
x
i
si
sat
y
p
eo
fr
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
ni
nw
h
i
c
hs
e
x
u
a
l
o
r
g
a
n
so
fr
e
l
a
t
e
ds
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
st
a
k
ep
a
r
tb
u
ts
e
e
d
s
a
r
ef
o
r
me
dw
i
t
h
o
u
tu
n
i
o
no
fg
a
me
t
e
s
.
”
S
o
mes
p
e
c
i
e
so
fp
l
a
n
t
s
,
a
ne
mb
r
y
od
e
v
e
l
o
p
sf
r
o
m t
h
ed
i
p
l
o
i
dc
e
l
l
so
ft
h
es
e
e
da
n
dn
o
ta
sar
e
s
u
l
to
f
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
nb
e
t
w
e
e
no
v
u
l
ea
n
dp
o
l
l
e
n
.
T
h
i
st
y
p
eo
fr
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
ni
sk
n
o
w
na
sa
p
o
mi
x
i
sa
n
dt
h
es
e
e
d
l
i
n
g
s
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
di
nt
h
i
sma
n
n
e
ra
r
ek
n
o
w
na
sa
p
o
mi
c
t
s
.
A
p
o
mi
c
t
i
cs
e
e
d
l
i
n
g
sa
r
ei
d
e
n
t
i
c
a
l
t
omo
t
h
e
rp
l
a
n
ta
n
d
s
i
mi
l
a
rt
op
l
a
n
t
sr
a
i
s
e
db
yo
t
h
e
rv
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
v
eme
a
n
s
,
b
e
c
a
u
s
es
u
c
hp
l
a
n
t
sh
a
v
et
h
es
a
meg
e
n
e
t
i
cma
k
e
-
u
p
a
st
h
a
to
ft
h
emo
t
h
e
rp
l
a
n
t
.
S
u
c
hs
e
e
d
l
i
n
g
sa
r
ec
o
mp
l
e
t
e
l
yf
r
e
ef
r
o
m v
i
r
u
s
e
s
.
I
na
p
o
mi
c
t
i
cs
p
e
c
i
e
s
,
s
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
ni
se
i
t
h
e
rs
u
p
p
r
e
s
s
e
do
ra
b
s
e
n
t
.
Wh
e
ns
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
na
l
s
oo
c
c
u
r
s
,
t
h
ea
p
o
mi
x
e
s
i
st
e
r
me
da
sf
a
c
u
l
t
a
t
i
v
ea
p
o
mi
x
i
s
.
B
u
tw
h
e
ns
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
ni
sa
b
s
e
n
t
,
i
ti
sr
e
f
e
r
r
e
dt
oa
so
b
l
i
g
a
t
e
a
p
o
mi
x
i
s
.
A
p
o
mi
x
i
sw
a
sd
e
f
i
n
e
db
yWi
n
k
l
e
ra
sr
e
p
l
a
c
e
me
n
to
ft
h
en
o
r
ma
l
s
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
nb
ya
s
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,
w
i
t
h
o
u
tf
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
i
sd
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
nn
o
t
a
b
l
ed
o
e
sn
o
tme
n
t
i
o
nme
i
o
s
i
s
.
T
h
u
s"
n
o
r
ma
l
a
s
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
"o
fp
l
a
n
t
s
,
s
u
c
ha
sp
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
nf
r
o
m c
u
t
t
i
n
g
so
rl
e
a
v
e
s
,
h
a
sn
e
v
e
rb
e
e
nc
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
a
p
o
mi
x
i
sb
u
tr
e
p
l
a
c
e
me
n
to
ft
h
es
e
e
db
yap
l
a
n
t
l
e
t
,
o
rr
e
p
l
a
c
e
me
n
to
ft
h
ef
l
o
w
e
rb
yb
u
l
b
i
l
sa
r
et
y
p
e
s
o
fa
p
o
mi
x
i
s
.
A
p
o
mi
x
i
sp
r
o
d
u
c
e
se
mb
r
y
o
so
rs
e
e
dp
r
o
g
e
n
yt
h
a
ta
r
ee
x
a
c
tg
e
n
e
t
i
cr
e
p
l
i
c
a
so
ft
h
emo
t
h
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
.
T
h
ema
i
na
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
eo
fa
p
o
mi
x
i
so
v
e
rs
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
ni
st
h
ep
o
s
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
yt
os
e
l
e
c
ti
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
p
l
a
n
t
sw
i
t
hs
u
p
e
r
i
o
rc
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
sa
n
dp
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
et
h
e
m c
l
o
n
a
l
l
yt
h
r
o
u
g
hs
e
e
d
s
.
T
h
ei
n
i
t
i
a
l
d
i
s
c
o
v
e
r
yo
f
a
p
o
mi
x
i
si
nh
i
g
h
e
rp
l
a
n
t
si
sa
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
dt
ot
h
eo
b
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
nt
h
a
tas
o
l
i
t
a
r
yf
e
ma
l
ep
l
a
n
to
fA
l
c
h
o
r
n
e
a
i
l
i
c
i
f
o
l
i
af
r
o
m A
u
s
t
r
a
l
i
ac
o
n
t
i
n
e
n
tt
of
o
r
m s
e
e
d
si
nK
e
w G
a
r
d
e
n
si
nE
n
g
l
a
n
d
.
T
Y
P
E
SO
FA
P
O
MI
X
I
S
Ad
e
f
i
n
e
ds
e
q
u
e
n
c
eo
fe
v
e
n
t
smu
s
tb
ec
o
mp
l
e
t
e
dt
or
e
s
u
l
ti
nt
h
eg
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
no
faf
e
r
t
i
l
ea
n
d
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
l
yu
n
i
q
u
es
e
e
dt
h
a
ti
st
h
ee
n
dp
r
o
d
u
c
to
fs
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
ni
na
n
g
i
o
s
p
e
r
ms
.
T
h
i
s
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
ec
o
mp
r
i
s
e
st
h
ef
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
ge
v
e
n
t
s
:
me
g
a
s
p
o
r
emo
t
h
e
rc
e
l
l
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
t
i
o
nf
r
o
m t
h
e
n
u
c
e
l
l
u
s
,
me
g
a
s
p
o
r
ep
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
nb
yme
i
o
s
i
s(
me
g
a
s
p
o
r
o
g
e
n
e
s
i
s
)
,
me
g
a
s
p
o
r
es
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
e
mb
r
y
o
s
a
cd
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
tb
ymi
t
o
t
i
cp
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s(
me
g
a
g
a
me
t
o
g
e
n
e
s
i
s
)
,
e
mb
r
y
os
a
cma
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
d
o
u
b
l
e
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
e
n
d
o
s
p
e
r
m d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
ta
n
de
mb
r
y
of
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
.
I
nc
o
n
t
r
a
s
tt
os
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,
a
p
o
mi
c
t
i
cp
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
sc
a
nc
o
mp
l
e
t
e
l
yo
mi
ts
o
meo
ft
h
ee
v
e
n
t
si
nt
h
i
ss
e
q
u
e
n
c
ea
n
ds
t
i
l
l
p
r
o
d
u
c
eaf
u
l
l
yf
o
r
me
d
,
v
i
a
b
l
ee
mb
r
y
ow
i
t
h
i
nt
h
ec
o
n
f
i
n
e
so
ft
h
eo
v
u
l
e
.
C
y
t
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
h
a
v
es
h
o
w
nt
h
a
ta
p
o
mi
c
t
i
cp
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
sa
l
w
a
y
sd
e
v
i
a
t
ef
r
o
m s
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
ni
nmo
r
et
h
a
n
o
n
er
e
s
p
e
c
t
.
T
h
e
s
ed
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
a
l
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
so
c
c
u
ri
nc
o
mmo
n
l
yi
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
a
b
l
ec
o
mb
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
s
u
c
ht
h
a
ta
p
o
mi
c
t
i
cp
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
sh
a
v
eo
f
t
e
nb
e
e
nd
i
v
i
d
e
di
n
t
ot
h
r
e
eme
c
h
a
n
i
s
ms– d
i
p
l
o
s
p
o
r
y
,
5. (
i
)H
i
e
r
a
c
i
u
m t
y
p
e
:
O
n
eo
rs
e
v
e
r
a
l
n
u
c
e
l
l
a
rc
e
l
l
se
n
l
a
r
g
e
,
b
e
c
o
mev
a
c
u
o
l
a
t
e
d
,
a
n
dg
ot
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
r
e
er
o
u
n
d
so
fmi
t
o
s
i
s
,
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
gi
n%
-
n
u
c
l
e
a
t
ee
mb
r
y
os
a
c
s
.
T
h
eMMC ma
yu
n
d
e
r
g
ome
i
o
s
i
s
i
ns
o
mes
p
e
c
i
e
sf
o
r
mi
n
gs
e
x
u
a
l
e
mb
r
y
os
a
ca
sw
e
l
l
.
I
ns
o
mes
p
e
c
i
e
s
,
b
o
t
hr
e
d
u
c
e
da
n
d
u
n
r
e
d
u
c
e
de
mb
r
y
os
a
c
sc
a
nc
o
e
x
i
s
ti
nt
h
es
a
meo
v
u
l
e
.
i
i
)
)P
a
n
i
c
u
m t
y
p
e
:
I
nt
h
i
st
y
p
e
,
a -
n
u
c
l
e
a
t
emo
n
o
p
o
l
a
ru
n
r
e
d
u
c
e
de
mb
r
y
os
a
ci
s
f
o
r
me
d
.
C
o
mp
a
r
e
dt
ot
h
eH
i
e
r
a
c
i
u
m t
y
p
e
,
t
h
eP
a
n
i
c
u
m t
y
p
ei
sc
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
e
db
yt
h
ea
b
s
e
n
c
eo
f
t
h
ei
n
i
t
i
a
l
p
o
l
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
ni
nt
h
ep
r
o
g
e
n
i
t
o
rc
e
l
l
o
ft
h
ee
mb
r
y
os
a
ca
n
db
yt
h
ev
a
c
u
o
l
a
t
i
o
no
ft
h
e
c
h
a
l
a
z
a
l
e
n
do
ft
h
ec
e
l
l
.
T
h
es
p
i
n
d
l
eo
ft
h
ef
i
r
s
tmi
t
o
t
i
cd
i
v
i
s
i
o
nl
i
e
sc
r
o
s
s
w
i
s
ea
tt
h
e
mi
c
r
o
p
y
l
a
re
n
d
,
a
n
das
e
c
o
n
dmi
t
o
s
i
sl
e
a
d
st
ot
h
ef
o
r
ma
t
i
o
no
ff
o
u
rf
r
e
en
u
c
l
e
i
.
L
a
t
e
r
,
t
h
e
s
e
n
u
c
l
e
i
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
ei
n
t
ot
h
ef
e
ma
l
eg
a
me
t
o
p
h
y
t
ec
o
n
s
i
s
t
i
n
go
fat
h
r
e
e
-
c
e
l
l
e
de
g
ga
p
p
a
r
a
t
u
sa
n
da
s
i
n
g
l
ep
o
l
a
rn
u
c
l
e
u
s
;
t
h
ea
n
t
i
p
o
d
a
l
c
e
l
l
sa
r
ea
b
s
e
n
t
.
✓A
n
d
r
o
g
e
n
e
s
i
s
T
h
ee
mb
r
y
os
a
co
r
i
g
i
n
a
t
e
sf
r
o
m t
h
eg
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
en
u
c
l
e
u
so
ft
h
ep
o
l
l
e
nt
u
b
ec
e
l
l
s
.
T
h
emo
s
t
c
o
mmo
nme
c
h
a
n
i
s
m o
fa
p
o
mi
x
i
si
nh
i
g
h
e
rp
l
a
n
t
sc
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
e
db
yp
r
e
s
e
n
c
eo
fmu
l
t
i
p
l
e
e
mb
r
y
os
a
c
s
.
#
S
P
O
R
O
P
H
Y
T
I
C A
P
O
MI
X
I
S
:
✓A
d
v
e
n
t
i
v
e
e
mb
r
y
o
n
y
T
h
ee
mb
r
y
o
sa
r
i
s
ef
r
o
m i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
c
e
l
l
so
ft
w
od
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
ts
o
ma
t
i
ct
i
s
s
u
e
s
,
n
u
c
e
l
l
u
so
r
i
n
t
e
g
u
me
n
t
.
A
d
v
e
n
t
i
v
ee
mb
r
y
o
n
yi
sp
u
r
e
l
yas
p
o
r
o
p
h
y
t
i
cf
o
r
m o
fa
g
a
mo
s
p
e
r
my
.
I
tu
s
u
a
l
l
y
o
c
c
u
r
si
nt
h
ep
r
e
s
e
n
c
eo
fn
o
r
ma
l
s
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
na
n
dr
e
s
u
l
t
si
np
o
l
y
e
mb
r
y
o
n
y
.
I
ti
s
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
e
dl
a
t
ei
no
v
u
l
ed
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
ta
n
du
s
u
a
l
l
yo
c
c
u
r
si
nma
t
u
r
eo
v
u
l
e
s
.
E
mb
r
y
o
sa
r
ei
n
i
t
i
a
t
e
d
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
yf
r
o
m t
h
ei
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
c
e
l
l
sa
n
da
r
en
o
ts
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
e
db
yme
g
a
g
a
me
t
o
p
h
y
t
i
cs
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
eo
r
e
mb
r
y
os
a
c
.
T
h
i
si
si
nc
o
n
t
r
a
s
tt
os
e
x
u
a
l
,
a
p
o
s
p
o
r
o
u
sa
n
dd
i
p
l
o
s
p
o
r
o
u
sr
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
,
i
nw
h
i
c
h
t
h
ec
e
l
l
t
h
a
td
e
v
e
l
o
p
si
n
t
ot
h
ee
mb
r
y
oi
sp
a
r
to
fame
g
a
g
a
me
t
o
p
h
y
t
e
-
l
i
k
es
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
.
A
d
v
e
n
t
i
v
e
e
mb
r
y
o
n
yc
o
mmo
n
l
yo
c
c
u
r
si
nd
i
p
l
o
i
ds
p
e
c
i
e
s
.
T
h
ec
o
mmo
ne
x
a
mp
l
e
sa
r
eC
i
t
r
u
ss
p
.
a
n
d
ma
n
g
o
.
✓H
a
p
l
o
i
dP
a
r
t
h
e
n
o
g
e
n
e
s
i
s
T
h
ee
mb
r
y
od
e
v
e
l
o
p
sf
r
o
m t
h
ee
g
gc
e
l
l
.
7. T
y
p
e
so
fA
p
o
mi
x
i
s:
b
a
s
e
do
no
c
c
u
r
r
e
n
c
e
Ma
h
e
s
h
w
a
r
i
(
1
9
5
0
)c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
e
da
p
o
mi
x
i
si
n
t
of
o
u
rg
r
o
u
p
s
:
.
R
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
tA
p
o
mi
x
i
s
:
I
nt
h
i
st
y
p
eo
fa
p
o
mi
x
i
s
,
t
h
ee
mb
r
y
os
a
cd
e
v
e
l
o
p
sf
r
o
m t
h
ed
i
p
l
o
i
de
g
gmo
t
h
e
rc
e
l
l
o
r
f
r
o
m s
o
meo
t
h
e
rd
i
p
l
o
i
dc
e
l
l
so
ft
h
ee
mb
r
y
os
a
cw
i
t
h
o
u
tf
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
C
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y
,
t
h
ee
g
gh
a
s
t
h
en
o
r
ma
l
d
i
p
l
o
i
dn
u
mb
e
ro
fc
h
r
o
mo
s
o
me
s
,
t
h
es
a
mea
si
nt
h
emo
t
h
e
rp
l
a
n
t
.
T
h
ee
mb
r
y
o
s
u
b
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
yd
e
v
e
l
o
p
sf
r
o
m e
g
gn
u
c
l
e
u
sw
i
t
h
o
u
tf
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
i
ss
e
r
i
e
so
fe
v
e
n
t
si
sk
n
o
w
nt
o
o
c
c
u
ri
ns
o
mes
p
e
c
i
e
so
fC
r
e
p
i
s
,
P
o
aT
a
r
a
x
a
c
u
m a
n
dA
l
l
i
u
m w
i
t
h
o
u
tt
h
es
t
i
mu
l
u
so
fp
o
l
l
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
,
w
h
i
l
ei
no
t
h
e
r
s
,
l
i
k
eP
a
r
t
h
e
n
i
u
m,
R
u
b
u
s
,
Ma
l
u
s(
a
p
p
l
e
)t
h
es
t
i
mu
l
u
so
fp
o
l
l
i
n
a
t
i
o
na
p
p
e
a
r
st
ob
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
yf
o
rt
h
ed
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
te
mb
r
y
oo
rt
op
r
o
d
u
c
eav
i
a
b
l
ee
n
d
o
s
p
e
r
m.
2
.
N
o
n
-
R
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
tA
p
o
mi
x
i
s
:
I
nt
h
i
st
y
p
eo
fa
p
o
mi
x
i
s
,
t
h
ee
mb
r
y
od
e
v
e
l
o
p
sd
i
r
e
c
t
l
yf
r
o
m t
h
eh
a
p
l
o
i
de
g
gc
e
l
l
(
h
a
p
l
o
i
d
p
a
r
t
h
e
n
o
g
e
n
e
s
i
s
)o
rs
o
meo
t
h
e
rh
a
p
l
o
i
dc
e
l
l
so
fe
mb
r
y
os
a
c(
h
a
p
l
o
i
da
p
o
g
a
my
)w
i
t
h
o
u
t
f
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
da
sar
e
s
u
l
t
,
t
h
ee
mb
r
y
od
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
di
sa
l
s
oh
a
p
l
o
i
d
.
T
h
i
st
y
p
eo
fa
p
o
mi
x
i
so
c
c
u
r
s
v
e
r
yr
a
r
e
l
ya
n
di
sp
r
i
ma
r
i
l
yo
fg
e
n
e
t
i
ci
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
.
T
h
ep
l
a
n
t
sp
r
o
d
u
c
e
da
r
eh
a
p
l
o
i
da
n
ds
t
e
r
i
l
e
.
I
ti
s
c
o
mmo
ni
nS
o
l
a
n
u
m n
i
g
r
u
m a
n
dL
i
l
i
u
m s
p
e
c
i
e
se
t
c
.
3
.
A
d
v
e
n
t
i
t
i
o
u
sE
mb
r
y
o
n
yo
rN
u
c
e
l
l
a
rE
mb
r
y
o
n
y
:
A
d
v
e
n
t
i
t
i
o
u
se
mb
r
y
o
n
yi
sa
l
s
oc
a
l
l
e
da
sn
u
c
e
l
l
a
re
mb
r
y
o
n
yo
rn
u
c
e
l
l
a
rb
u
d
d
i
n
g
.
I
nt
h
i
s
t
y
p
e
,
t
h
ee
mb
r
y
od
o
e
sn
o
td
e
v
e
l
o
pf
r
o
m t
h
ec
e
l
l
so
ft
h
ee
mb
r
y
os
a
cb
u
ti
td
e
v
e
l
o
p
sf
r
o
m ac
e
l
l
o
r
ag
r
o
u
po
fc
e
l
l
se
i
t
h
e
ro
fn
u
c
e
l
l
u
so
ri
n
t
e
g
u
me
n
t
s
.
T
h
ec
e
l
l
so
fi
n
t
e
g
u
me
n
to
rn
u
c
e
l
l
u
sa
r
ed
i
p
l
o
i
d
a
n
dh
e
n
c
et
h
er
e
s
u
l
t
a
n
te
mb
r
y
oi
sa
l
s
od
i
p
l
o
i
d
.
S
u
c
he
mb
r
y
o
su
s
u
a
l
l
yd
e
v
e
l
o
po
u
t
s
i
d
et
h
e
e
mb
r
y
os
a
ci
na
d
d
i
t
i
o
nt
ot
h
er
e
g
u
l
a
re
mb
r
y
o
.
A
d
v
e
n
t
i
t
i
o
u
se
mb
r
y
o
n
yo
c
c
u
r
si
nma
n
yp
l
a
n
t
s
p
e
c
i
e
sb
u
ti
smo
s
tp
r
o
mi
n
e
n
ti
nt
r
o
p
i
c
a
l
a
n
ds
u
b
-
t
r
o
p
i
c
a
l
t
r
e
es
p
e
c
i
e
s
,
l
i
k
ec
i
t
r
u
sa
n
dma
n
g
o
.
4
.
V
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
v
ea
p
o
mi
x
i
so
rb
u
l
b
i
l
s
:
I
nt
h
i
st
y
p
e
,
v
e
g
e
t
a
t
i
v
eb
u
d
so
rb
u
l
b
i
l
sa
r
ep
r
o
d
u
c
e
di
nt
h
ei
n
f
l
o
r
e
s
c
e
n
c
ei
np
l
a
c
eo
f
.
T
h
e
s
eb
u
d
so
rb
u
l
b
i
l
sma
ys
p
r
o
u
ti
n
t
on
e
w p
l
a
n
t
sw
h
i
l
et
h
e
ya
r
es
t
i
l
l
a
t
t
a
c
h
e
dt
ot
h
e
mo
t
h
e
rp
l
a
n
t
s
.
T
h
i
st
y
p
eo
fa
p
o
mi
x
i
si
sq
u
i
t
ec
o
mmo
ni
nA
l
l
i
u
m,
A
g
a
v
e
,
P
o
aa
n
dD
i
a
s
c
o
r
e
aa
n
di
ns
o
meg
r
a
s
s
e
s
.
A
P
P
L
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
S
8.
9. C
A
U
S
E
SO
FA
P
O
MI
X
I
S
A
p
o
mi
x
i
si
sag
e
n
e
t
i
c
a
l
l
yc
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
dt
r
a
i
t
.
G
a
me
t
o
p
h
y
t
i
ca
p
o
mi
x
i
sc
o
n
c
e
r
n
so
n
l
yt
h
ef
e
ma
l
es
i
d
e
,
s
o
t
h
a
ti
nmo
s
tc
a
s
e
sr
e
d
u
c
e
dv
i
a
b
l
l
ep
o
l
l
e
n
sa
r
ef
o
r
me
d,
w
h
i
c
hc
a
nb
eu
s
e
dt
op
o
l
l
i
n
a
t
es
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
st
os
t
u
d
yt
h
ei
n
h
e
r
i
t
a
n
c
eo
fa
p
o
mi
c
t
i
ct
r
a
i
t
.
S
u
c
hs
t
u
d
i
e
sh
a
v
eb
e
e
nma
d
emo
s
t
l
yw
i
t
h
p
l
a
n
t
se
x
h
i
b
i
t
i
n
ga
p
o
s
p
o
r
y
.
i
th
a
sb
e
e
ns
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
dt
h
a
tt
h
eg
a
me
t
o
p
h
y
t
i
ca
p
o
mi
x
i
si
sc
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
db
yo
n
ed
o
mi
n
a
n
tMe
n
d
e
l
i
a
n
g
e
n
ea
u
ra
r
ef
e
w c
l
o
s
e
l
yl
i
n
k
e
dg
e
n
e
so
nt
h
es
a
mec
h
r
o
mo
s
o
me
.
Mo
l
e
c
u
l
a
ra
n
a
l
y
s
e
sa
l
s
o
s
u
g
g
e
s
tt
h
a
tt
h
ea
p
o
mi
x
i
si
sc
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
db
yas
e
g
me
n
to
fo
n
es
i
n
g
l
ec
h
r
o
mo
s
o
mew
h
i
c
hi
sk
n
o
w
n
r
e
c
o
mb
i
n
a
n
ta
sl
i
n
k
a
t
.
D
o
mi
n
a
n
t
,
mo
n
o
f
a
c
t
o
r
i
a
l
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
fa
p
o
s
p
o
r
yi
nP
a
n
i
c
u
m ma
x
i
mu
m w
a
se
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
e
db
yS
a
v
i
d
a
n
(
1
9
7
5
,
1
9
8
0
,
1
9
8
2
)t
h
r
o
w e
mb
r
y
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
s
t
u
d
i
e
sa
n
de
x
t
e
n
s
i
v
ec
r
o
s
s
i
n
ga
n
db
a
c
kc
r
o
s
s
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
me
n
t
s
.
H
ep
o
s
t
u
l
a
t
e
dt
h
a
tas
u
p
e
r
g
e
n
eAi
sr
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
ef
o
rb
o
t
ha
p
o
s
p
o
r
o
u
se
mb
r
y
os
a
c
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
ta
n
dp
a
r
t
h
e
n
o
g
e
n
e
t
i
ce
mb
r
y
od
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
gt
oS
a
v
i
d
a
n(
1
9
9
0
)e
a
r
l
y
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
no
ft
h
es
u
p
e
r
g
e
n
el
e
a
d
st
oa
p
o
s
p
o
r
yw
h
i
l
ei
t
sl
a
t
ee
x
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
nc
a
u
s
e
s
d
i
p
l
o
s
p
o
r
y
.
S
i
mi
l
a
r
l
y
,
i
nH
.
p
i
l
o
s
e
l
l
o
i
d
e
sa
u
t
o
n
o
mo
u
sa
p
o
mi
x
i
s'
a
saw
h
o
l
e
'
w
a
sr
e
p
o
r
t
e
dt
ob
e
i
n
h
e
r
i
t
e
da
sas
i
n
g
l
ed
o
mi
n
a
n
tt
r
a
i
t
.
I
nE
r
i
g
e
r
o
na
n
n
u
u
sa
n
dT
a
r
a
x
a
c
u
m o
f
f
i
c
i
n
a
l
e,
a
l
s
ome
mb
e
r
so
ft
h
eA
s
t
e
r
a
c
e
a
e
,
t
w
ou
n
l
i
n
k
e
dl
o
c
i
h
l
h
a
v
eb
e
e
ni
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
e
d
,
o
n
ef
o
rd
i
p
l
o
s
p
o
r
ya
n
da
n
o
t
h
e
rf
o
rp
a
r
t
h
e
n
o
g
e
n
e
s
i
sa
n
d/
o
ra
u
t
o
n
o
mo
u
s
e
n
d
o
s
p
e
r
m d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
.
C
h
r
i
s
t
o
f
f(
1
9
4
2
)c
r
o
s
s
e
ds
e
x
u
a
l
H
i
e
r
a
c
i
u
m a
u
r
i
c
u
l
e
(
2
x
=%
)w
i
t
ha
p
o
mi
c
t
i
c
H
.
a
u
r
a
n
t
i
a
c
u
m(
4
x
=
,
#
)a
n
do
b
t
a
i
n
e
d :
1s
e
g
r
e
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
i
n
gt
h
a
tad
o
mi
n
a
n
tg
e
n
ep
r
o
b
a
b
l
y
c
a
u
s
e
st
h
ed
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
to
faa
p
o
s
p
o
r
o
u
se
mb
r
y
os
a
c
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
i
th
a
sb
e
e
ns
h
o
w
nr
e
c
e
n
t
l
yt
h
a
t
i
naa
p
o
s
p
o
r
o
u
sH
i
e
r
a
c
i
u
m p
r
a
e
a
l
t
u
m,
o
ft
h
es
u
b
g
e
n
u
sP
i
l
o
s
e
l
l
a
,
me
i
o
s
i
sa
n
df
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
na
r
e
a
v
o
i
d
e
db
yt
h
ea
c
t
i
o
no
ft
w
od
o
mi
n
a
n
t
,
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
tg
e
n
e
t
i
cl
o
c
i
v
i
z
.
L
O
S
SO
FA
P
O
ME
I
O
S
I
S(
L
O
A
)
a
n
dL
O
S
SO
FP
A
R
T
H
E
N
O
G
E
N
E
S
I
S(
L
O
P
)
.
L
O
A
,
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
e
ds
p
o
r
o
p
h
y
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
,
s
u
p
p
r
e
s
s
e
sme
i
o
s
i
sa
n
d
i
n
d
u
c
e
st
h
ed
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
t
i
o
no
fa
p
o
s
p
o
r
o
u
si
n
i
t
i
a
l
(
A
I
)c
e
l
l
sw
h
e
r
e
a
sL
O
P
,
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
e
dg
a
me
t
o
p
h
y
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
i
sar
e
q
u
i
r
e
df
o
rf
e
r
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
ni
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
td
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
to
fe
mb
r
y
oa
n
de
n
d
o
s
p
e
r
m.
I
nt
h
e
s
e
a
p
o
mi
c
t
ss
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
ni
n
i
t
i
a
t
e
sf
i
r
s
t
.
A
I
c
e
l
l
sd
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
t
ef
r
o
m t
h
en
u
c
e
l
l
a
rc
e
l
l
sn
e
a
rt
h
e
me
i
o
t
i
cme
g
a
s
p
o
r
emo
t
h
e
rc
e
l
l
,
c
a
u
s
i
n
gt
e
r
mi
n
a
t
i
o
no
ft
h
es
e
x
u
a
l
p
a
t
h
w
a
y
.
S
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
s
e
e
mse
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
t
oi
n
d
u
c
et
h
ea
c
t
i
v
i
t
yo
fL
O
A w
h
i
c
hi
se
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
rt
h
ed
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
t
i
o
no
fA
I
c
e
l
l
s
a
n
dt
h
e
i
rd
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
ti
n
t
ou
n
r
e
d
u
c
e
de
mb
r
y
os
a
c
.
I
fme
i
o
s
i
si
nme
g
a
s
p
o
r
emo
t
h
e
rc
e
l
l
(MMC
)
i
sab
l
o
c
k
e
de
x
p
e
r
i
me
n
t
a
l
l
yA
I
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
td
o
e
sn
o
to
c
c
u
r
.
N
u
c
e
l
l
a
ra
d
v
e
n
t
i
v
ee
mb
r
y
o
n
yi
i
nC
i
t
r
u
ss
p
e
c
i
e
si
sa
l
s
os
u
g
g
e
s
t
e
dt
ob
ec
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
db
yas
i
n
g
l
e
d
o
mi
n
a
n
tg
e
n
e
.
I
ts
e
e
mst
h
a
to
b
l
i
g
a
t
ea
p
o
mi
x
i
sd
o
e
sn
o
to
c
c
u
ri
na
n
yp
l
a
n
t
.
S
o
med
e
g
r
e
eo
fs
e
x
u
a
l
i
t
ya
l
w
a
y
s
e
x
i
s
t
s
.
I
nH
i
e
r
a
c
i
u
m s
u
b
g
e
n
u
sP
i
l
o
s
e
l
l
aa
p
o
mi
x
i
si
sad
o
mi
n
a
n
tg
e
n
e
t
i
ct
r
a
i
ta
n
di
ti
sf
a
c
u
l
t
a
t
i
v
e
.
a
l
t
h
o
u
g
ht
h
ema
j
o
r
i
t
yo
ft
h
e
i
rp
r
o
g
e
n
ya
r
ef
o
r
me
di
sa
c
t
u
a
l
l
ya
n
dh
a
v
eama
t
e
r
n
a
l
g
e
n
o
t
y
p
et
h
e
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
yt
of
o
r
m s
e
e
d
sv
i
as
e
x
u
a
l
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
ni
sa
l
s
or
e
t
a
i
n
e
d
.
T
h
eS
o
r
g
h
u
m l
i
n
e ,i
sa
f
a
c
u
l
t
a
t
i
v
ea
p
o
mi
c
t
,
w
h
e
t
h
e
rt
h
ea
t
o
mi
ct
a
k
e
o
f
fp
h
e
n
o
me
n
aw
e
a
r
i
n
gf
r
o
m )t
o%
)
% i
nd
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
sd
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
ts
e
a
s
o
n
sd
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
tp
r
o
g
e
n
i
e
sa
n
de
v
e
nd
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
tp
l
a
n
t
so
ft
h
es
a
mep
r
o
g
e
n
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
ee
x
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
no
fa
p
o
mi
x
i
si
ss
u
b
j
e
c
tt
oi
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
nb
e
t
w
e
e
ng
e
n
e
t
i
c
sa
n
de
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
.