This document summarizes APNIC policies that changed the internet in the mid-2000s. It discusses how APNIC policies:
1) Allocated the remaining IPv4 address blocks more evenly among the five RIRs to allow continued growth in underserved regions.
2) Allowed smaller allocations from the remaining large block to support many new internet services and startups.
3) Established policies for transferring IPv4 addresses between parties, despite dissent, to maintain an accurate registry.
4) Evolved to encourage IPv6 adoption through larger initial allocations and a revised global policy.
The document encourages participation in the open policy development process to help shape policies that benefit the Asia Pacific internet
PacNOG 22: Policies that changed the InternetAPNIC
Senior Community Engagement Advisor, Sunny Chendi, gives a historical overview of the Internet number resource policies that have shaped Internet development in the Asia Pacific.
APNIC Senior Advisor - Policy & Community Development Sunny Chendi presents on the policies that changed the Internet at bdNOG 10 in Chittagong, Bangladesh from from 26 to 30 April 2019.
This presentation is an insight into the APNIC policy development process and policies that changed the way the Internet number resources are delegated and used by the network operators. The focus of this presentation is to encourage the technical community to actively participate in the policy development to keep them up to date and works for future changes in the industry.
APNIC Senior Advisor Policy and Community Development Sunny Chendi gives an overview of the APNIC PDP and current APNIC policy proposal implementations at INNOG 2 in New Delhi, India from 1 to 4 July 2019.
Internet Resource Analyst Pubudu Jayasinghe presents on the Policies that changed the Internet at npNOG 4 in Kathmandu, Nepal from 9 to 14 December 2018.
23rd PITA AGM and Conference: APNIC Community - how you can be involved?APNIC
Senior Internet Resource Analyst and Liaison Officer Elly Tawhai gives an overview of APNIC and the APNIC community and how to get involved at the 23rd PITA AGM and Conference in Nadi, Fiji from 8 to 12 April 2019.
2nd ICANN APAC-TWNIC Engagement Forum: APNIC Policy Framework and Development...APNIC
APNIC Senior Advisor Policy and Community Development Sunny Chendi presents on the APNIC PDP and policy framework at the 2nd ICANN APAC-TWNIC Engagement Forum held from 15 to 16 April 2021.
PacNOG 22: Policies that changed the InternetAPNIC
Senior Community Engagement Advisor, Sunny Chendi, gives a historical overview of the Internet number resource policies that have shaped Internet development in the Asia Pacific.
APNIC Senior Advisor - Policy & Community Development Sunny Chendi presents on the policies that changed the Internet at bdNOG 10 in Chittagong, Bangladesh from from 26 to 30 April 2019.
This presentation is an insight into the APNIC policy development process and policies that changed the way the Internet number resources are delegated and used by the network operators. The focus of this presentation is to encourage the technical community to actively participate in the policy development to keep them up to date and works for future changes in the industry.
APNIC Senior Advisor Policy and Community Development Sunny Chendi gives an overview of the APNIC PDP and current APNIC policy proposal implementations at INNOG 2 in New Delhi, India from 1 to 4 July 2019.
Internet Resource Analyst Pubudu Jayasinghe presents on the Policies that changed the Internet at npNOG 4 in Kathmandu, Nepal from 9 to 14 December 2018.
23rd PITA AGM and Conference: APNIC Community - how you can be involved?APNIC
Senior Internet Resource Analyst and Liaison Officer Elly Tawhai gives an overview of APNIC and the APNIC community and how to get involved at the 23rd PITA AGM and Conference in Nadi, Fiji from 8 to 12 April 2019.
2nd ICANN APAC-TWNIC Engagement Forum: APNIC Policy Framework and Development...APNIC
APNIC Senior Advisor Policy and Community Development Sunny Chendi presents on the APNIC PDP and policy framework at the 2nd ICANN APAC-TWNIC Engagement Forum held from 15 to 16 April 2021.
APNIC Internet Resource Analyst Zen Ng explains the APNIC Policy Development Process and how to participate at the TWNIC Open Policy Meeting on 21 June 2018.
Senior Internet Resource Analyst Elly Tawhai gave a presentation about APNIC, the Policy Development Process, and the whois accuracy project, which ensures contact information is accurate and current at PacNOG 23 in the Marshall Islands from 3 to 7 December 2018.
4th ICANN APAC-TWNIC Engagement Forum and 39th TWNIC OPM: Introduction to pol...APNIC
APNIC Senior Advisor - Services, George Kuo, presents on policy development in the RIRs at the 4th ICANN APAC-TWNIC Engagement Forum and 39th TWNIC OPM, held from 22 to 24 May 2023 in Taipei.
32nd TWNIC IP OPM: Another APNIC Policy UpdateAPNIC
George Kuo gives a presentation on the APNIC Policy Development Process, why participation is important, and recent policy proposal implementations at the 32nd TWNIC IP OPM in Taipei from 20 to 21 June 2019.
40th TWNIC Open Policy Meeting: APNIC PDP updateAPNIC
APNIC Senior Advisor, Policy and Community Development Sunny Chendi gives an update on APNIC policy at the 40th TWNIC OPM, held on 16 November 2023 in Taipei.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
Registry Data Accuracy Improvements, presented by Chimi Dorji at SANOG 41 / I...APNIC
Chimi Dorji, Internet Resource Analyst at APNIC, presented on Registry Data Accuracy Improvements at SANOG 41 jointly held with INNOG 7 in Mumbai, India from 25 to 30 April 2024.
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3. The community had become complacent about
exhaustion.
It had been a case of the ‘boy who cried wolf’
where people had stopped paying attention to
stories about IPv4 exhaustion… they had not
given much thought to the eventual day when
there would be no more addresses left for
IANA to allocate.
Izumi Okutani
Former JPNIC Policy Liaison
“
”
4. First come, first served
• First come, first
served was the norm
• If that continued,
APNIC region would
probably eaten most
remaining space
• What about Africa?
• Was this fair?
3%
35%
28%
7%
27%
AFRINIC APNIC ARIN LACNIC RIPE NCC
Global
IPv4
/8s
7. A soft landing: /22 from the last /8
13,000+ delegations from 103/8 –
without this policy, addresses would
have exhausted long ago
Innovation has continued in APAC:
1000s of new ISPs, data centres
and start-ups since 2011
Emerging economies have benefitted
• BD: 68 members → 473 members
• PK: 51 Members → 146 Members
• KH: 25 Members → 74 Members
• MM: 2 Members → 53 Members
• PH 93 Members → 222 Members
• VN 67 Members → 359 Members
8. Making it last: 103/8
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
East Asia
South East Asia
South Asia
Oceania
/24s
9. A brief aside: How’d we get to /22?
• Minimum requirement
set at /21, had to show
use of /23
• Hard for start-up ISPs
in emerging economies
to do – stifling growth
• Policy changed the
requirements and min
allocation to /22
• Great example of
community adjusting
policy to its needs
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
IPv4 Delegations by Size
/22 /21
11. The policy was deeply dissenting because it
recognized that addresses were being
transferred between parties for financial gain.
But the movement of addresses wasn’t going
to stop. If we didn’t have this policy, the
accuracy of the registry – which the community
relies on – could be severely impacted.
Geoff Huston
APNIC Chief Scientist
“
”
12. IPv4 transfers take off
0
50
100
150
200
250
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Within APNIC Region
18. What is a Policy?
In the APNIC region, a policy refers to the rules and requirements or
criteria that one must meet to be eligible to receive IP and ASN resources.
A policy proposal is a formal, written submission that outlines an idea for
a new policy. If a policy proposal is successful it will become a policy.
19. Why do we need resource policy?
IP address and AS numbers are public shared resources.
APNIC policies ensure that these resources are managed
properly and distributed with the goal of fairness and
consistency in mind.
The common aim of a policy is to ensure proper usage of
Internet number resources according to the technical and
operational needs of the network. This is vital for the
continued stable growth of the Internet.
20. Policy change
Policies change constantly.
They evolve as the needs of the technical community change
Good policy relies on a range of opinions
APNIC policies are developed by Members and the Internet
community in a bottom-up process of consultation and
consensus.
21. What’s APNIC’s role?
• The APNIC Secretariat is the organization that manages
resources, implements policy and provides a range of
services to the community
• APNIC staff
o Provide information and support to people who want to be involved in
the policy development process
o Provide support to the Policy SIG
o Help authors to draft proposal wording
o Manage the implementation of policy changes
o Inform the policy changes to the community
22. Who can Participate?
Policies are developed by and for the Asia Pacific
Internet community, which includes the APNIC
membership.
Anyone can participate in the policy development
process for managing and distributing IP addresses.
• Whether you are a seasoned network engineer, a decision maker, a student in the IT field, or a user of the
Internet, you can join the discussion.
You are invited to be part of this development process.
23. Why participate?
• It is an opportunity to learn and share experiences and best
practices in the Internet
• Policies affect your organization’s operating environment and are
constantly changing
• Ensure your organization's needs are represented
• It’s a great way to build your profile and contribute to the Internet
• You can directly impact the way APNIC manages Internet
number resources
• Make these policies work for your networks and future growth
25. Policy Special Interest Group (SIG) Charter
Develop policies and procedures which relate to
the management and use of Internet address
resources by APNIC, NIRs, ISPs and other
organizations within the Asia Pacific region.
26. What is a SIG?
A SIG, or Special Interest Group, is an open forum for the
community to discuss topics of interest. There are no entry
requirements to participate in the activity of the APNIC Policy
SIG.
You don’t “join” a Special Interest Group, you participate in it.
The first step to participation is usually to subscribe to the
SIG mailing list.
Special Interest Group Guidelines
https://www.apnic.net/community/participate/sigs/
27. APNIC Policy SIG
Policy SIG Chair
Sumon Ahmed Sabir
Co-Chairs
Bertrand Cherrier
Ching-Heng Ku
Secretariat Support
Sunny Chendi
George Odagi
Elected by the Asia Pacific Internet Community
28. Policy Development Process
APNIC policies are developed by the
community in a bottom-up approach.
This approach is part of the Policy
Development Process or commonly
referred to as the ‘PDP’.
PDP describes the process through
which policy proposals are submitted,
considered, and adopted by APNIC.
29. Policy Process
What are the key characteristics of the PDP?
Open
Anyone in the community - Member or not - can propose a policy. This can be a
proposed change to an existing policy or a new one altogether. Anyone can
participate from the beginning, during the discussion as well as in the decision-
making process.
Transparent
Bottom-up
APNIC publicly documents all policy discussions and decisions to provide
complete transparency of the policy development process. These documents, the
associated discussion in the mailing list, and decisions are freely available for
viewing at any time.
The Policy Development Process is driven by the Internet community - by those
who need and use these resources. It is catered to address the needs and
requirements of the Asia-Pacific Internet community. APNIC stays neutral in the
process.
30. Policy Development Process
30
Author
submits
proposal
Posted to
mailing list
for
discussion
Open
Policy SIG
Meeting
Consensus
at SIG and
AMM
Posted
back to the
mailing list
Consensus
is
confirmed
EC
Instructs
Secretariat
Secretariat
Implement
s
32. • Who can propose a policy idea?
• Why would you do it?
• What is required?
• Where do you start?
Complete the online form
https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/proposals/submit-a-policy-
proposal/
It all starts with a Proposal
33. Policy SIG Mailing list
• Some people think it’s a great idea
• Others disagree
• The author tries to convince or compromise
• The Chairs monitor the discussions and participate as
appropriate
Join the mailing list
https://mailman.apnic.net/mailman/listinfo/sig-policy
34. • Author presents
• People line up at the microphone
– Ask questions
– Express support
– Explain their concerns
– Argue and praise
• Remote participation is available so those not at the meeting
in-person can still fully participate
Check the conference agenda
https://conference.apnic.net/46/program
Policy SIG meeting
35. Consensus Decision Making
• Consensus =
– “general agreement” taking into consideration comments on the
mailing list and at the meeting.
• Objections
– Minor Objections:
• some problems may occur for some members of the community
– Major Objections:
• major problems will occur for members of the community
• Participants should “work together” to resolve objections
36. Chairs consider many sources
• Mailing list discussions
• Discussions at the SIG meeting
– Incl. remote participants
• Show of hands
– Not a vote, a way of
“broadly gauging opinion”
– CONFER assists remote participation
• Require one-off registration
– The Chair will ask for both
Have your say remotely
https://confer.apnic.net/
37. After the Open Policy Meeting (OPM)
• Consensus at the Member Meeting
• Mailing List Comment Period
• EC Endorsement
• Editorial Comment Period
• Implementation
38. What’s next?
• Subscribe to the mailing list
– sig-policy@apnic.net
• Review the proposals
– https://www.apnic.net/community/policy/proposals/
• Discuss with others
– Morning and afternoon tea, lunch, dinner
• Participate in Policy SIG Meeting
– Check conference program
38
39. APNIC Fellowships
• APNIC Standalone conference in September
• Encourages gender and economic diversity
• Professionals, Youth, and Returning Fellows
• Package Includes:
– An economy class return flight ticket
– Twin shared hotel accommodation with breakfast and Wi-Fi
– A fixed cash allowance of AUD 100 for any incidentals
– Complimentary registration to workshop, conference and social events
• Selection Committee - volunteers from the community
39
42. prop-118: No need policy in APNIC region
• Proposal
– Remove the requirement to demonstrate need when transferring IPv4
addresses into or within the APNIC region.
– Simplify transfer of IPv4 space between resource holders.
– Ease some administration on APNIC staff, increase database accuracy.
– Would not apply to AS number transfers.
• Status
– Initially discussed at APNIC 44
– No progress at APNIC 45
– Submitted new version for APNIC 46 and posted to the mailing list
43. prop-124: Clarification on IPv6 Sub-
Assignments
• Proposal
– Clarifies the definition of assigned address space for IPv6
delegations under section 2.2.3 of APNIC Internet Number Resource
Policies document.
– Allowing temporary sub-assignments from within existing IPv6
assignment
• Status
– To be discussed at APNIC 46
– Posted to Policy SIG mailing list for community discussion
43
44. prop-125: Validation of "abuse-mailbox"
and other IRT emails
• Proposal
– The Internet community is based on collaboration. In many cases, however, this
is not enough and we all need to be able to contact those LIRs which may be
experiencing a problem in their networks and may not be aware of the situation.
– This proposal aims to solve this problem by means of a simple, periodic
verification of IRT object emails, and establishes the basic rules for performing
such verification and thus avoids unnecessary costs to third parties who need to
contact the persons responsible for solving the abuses of a specific network.
• Status
– To be discussed at APNIC 46
– Posted to Policy SIG mailing list for community discussion
44
45. prop-126: PDP Update
• Proposal
– To allow that consensus is determined also looking at the opinions of
community members that are not able to travel to the meetings,
adjust the time required before the relevant SIG to submit the
proposals, not requiring “double” consensus with the APNIC
members and facilitating a simple method for appeals.
• Status
– To be discussed at APNIC 46
– Posted to Policy SIG mailing list for community discussion
45
46. Proposals Withdrawn
• prop-119: Temporary transfers
• prop-120: Final /8 pool exhaustion plan
• prop-123: Modify 103/8 IPv4 transfer policy
46
47. A soft landing: /22 from the last /8
13,000+ delegations from 103/8 –
without this policy, addresses would
have exhausted long ago
Innovation has continued in APAC:
1000s of new ISPs, data centres
and start-ups since 2011
Emerging economies have benefitted
• BD: 68 members → 473 members
• PK: 51 Members → 146 Members
• KH: 25 Members → 74 Members
• MM: 2 Members → 53 Members
• PH 93 Members → 222 Members
• VN 67 Members → 359 Members