- The document discusses aperture and shutter speed, which control how much light enters the camera and for how long. It explains that aperture priority mode allows the photographer to set the aperture while the camera sets shutter speed, and vice versa for shutter priority mode. - Aperture is measured in f-numbers, with lower numbers admitting more light. Shutter speed is measured in seconds or fractions of seconds that the shutter is open. Faster shutter speeds freeze motion while slower ones blur it. Wider apertures have shallower depth of field while narrower apertures have greater depth of field.