1) Antiviral agents are substances used to treat and prevent diseases caused by viruses, which are smaller and have simpler chemical compositions than bacteria. 2) Antiviral agents are classified according to the type of virus they treat, including respiratory viruses, herpes and cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 3) Common antiviral agents include amantadine, rimantadine, acyclovir, ganciclovir, zidovudine, didanosine, nevirapine, saquinavir, and ritonavir. These work by mechanisms such as inhibiting viral replication and protease or integrase enzymes.

1. Chandra shekhar singh college of
pharmacy koilha, kaushambi

2. Antiviral agent:-
antiviral agent are substance used in the
treatment and prophylaxis of diseases caused
by viruses.
Viruses are disease agent which are smaller in
size, simpler chemical composition.

3. Fifig. viral

5. Classification:-
Anti Drugs- According To Treatment Protocol.
1. Treatment Of Respiratory Virus Infection.
A) Admantane Derivatives.
- Amantadine
- Rimantadine
2) Treatment Of Herpes And Cytomegalovirus Infection.
A) Purine Nucleotides.
- Acyclovir
- Ganciclovir
- Vidarbine
B) Pyrimidine Nuclosides.
- Trifluridine
- Idoxuridine
C) Phosphorous Derivatives.
- Foscarnet

6. 3) Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
A)Rreverse transcriptase inhibition.
i) purine derivatives.
- didanosine
ii) pyrimidine derivatives.
- zidovudine ( ATZ)
- stavudine
iii) Non nucleoside.
- nevirapine
- delaviridine
B) Protease inhibition.
- saquinavir
- indinavir
- ritonavir
C) Integrase inhibition.
- zintevir

7. 1. Rimantadine 2. Amantadine
3. Trifluridine 4. Didanosine

8. 5. Nevirapine 6. - Delaviridine
7. Saquinavir 8. Ritonavir

9. 1
2 3
6
5
4
7
8
Amntadine

10. Mechanism of action:-
These compound specifically block the ion channel
function of the M2 protein of influenza A virus.
The neuraminidase inhibitors are novel drugs,
designed on the basis of the three- dimensional
structure of the influenza A and B neuraminidase2.

12. Use:-

13. Adverse Effects:-
Anti Virals Administration Leads To The Following Adverse Effects.
1) Hypersensitivity ( Allergic Reaction).
2) Bleeding.
3) Bone Loss.
4) Heart Disease.
5) High Blood Sugar And Diabetes.
6) Kidney, Liver, Or Pancreas Damage.
7) Nausea.
8) Diarrhoea.

14. Recent advances:-
i. How ever , natural products remain the best resources of
chemically diverse new lead entities that could serve for future
development as potency and safe antiviral agent.
These drug are:
I. Famciclovir,
II. Ganciclovir,
III. Sorivudine,
IV. Zidovudine.

15. Reference:-
Pandeya Surendra Nath prof. pandey k sanjay Dr. “A
text book of medicinal chemistry(synthesis &
Biochemical Appraoch)” volume 2nd , first edition
2011 page no. 705-734.
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