Slide contains the the introduction and classification of seizures, convulsion. It also contains Mechanism of action of anticonvulsant.

1. Central Nervous System
Depressant
Anticonvulsant
By,
Dr. Ganesh S Andhale,
Dept. of Pharm. Chemistry
Alard College of Pharmacy

2. Introduction
 A convulsion is a medical condition where body muscles
contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an
uncontrolled shaking of the body.
 Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder
characterized by seizures.
 An epileptic seizure, occasionally referred to as a fit, is
defined as a transient symptom of "abnormal excessive or
synchronous neuronal activity in the brain".
 Epilepsy is usually controlled, but not cured, with
medication.

3. Classification of Seizures
a) Generalized Seizures: which involve the
entire brain and do not have an apparent
local onset
b) Unilateral Seizures: Involve one entire
side of body
c) Partial (or focal) seizures: that have a
focus (i.e. begin locally)
d) Erratic seizures of the new born
e) Unclassified seizures

4. Generalized
Seizure
Generalized
tonic-clonic
seizure (grand
mal)
Nonconvulsive
seizure or
absence seizure
(petit mal)

5. • Generalized tonic clonic seizure: proceeded by a
series of bilateral muscular jerks; followed by loss
of consciousness which in turn followed by a
series of tonic and then clonic spasms.
• Typical absence seizure: consist of a sudden brief
loss of consciousness, sometimes with no motor
activity.

6. Focal (partial
epilepsy)
Simple focal
Seizures
Jacksonian march may be
seen
progression of the location of
the seizure in the brain
Complex focal
seizures
There is an aura, then a confused
or bizarre lasting for 2-3 min. with
no memory of event.
May be misdiagnosed as a
psychotic episode.

7.  Each of the epilepsy types is characterized
by a typical abnormal pattern in the EEG.
(Electroencephalography )
• EEG indicate sudden excessive electrical
activity In the brain.

8. Mechanism of Action

9. 1. Enhancement of GABA Action:

10. 2. Inhibition of sodium channel funnction:

11. 3. Inhibition of calcium channels:

12. 4. Inhibition of glutamate release and block of
glutamate receptor.

13. Valproate
Lamotrigine
Seizures and Drugs.