This study aims to determine the antibacterial effects of onion bulb extract against Helicobacter pylori, which causes ulcers. Onions contain compounds like quercetin that may help eliminate free radicals and prevent H. pylori growth. The researchers will compare the zone of inhibition of H. pylori from onion extract versus a commercial antibiotic. They hope to develop an affordable alternative treatment and provide more natural options to benefit communities and inform future studies.

1. Anti – Bacterial Activity of Onion
Bulb Extract (Allium cepa L.)
against Helicobacter pylori
Kenneth John Pet
Sashney Darren Collado
Researchers

2. This research study will be conducted in order to
help people suffering from diseases caused by
Helicobacter pylori.
Helicobacter pylori causes ulcer which is a common
sickness among the children, teenagers and even
adults.
We wanted to provide them with an alternative
medicine made from Onion Bulb that is cheaper and
healthier compared to the commercially available
one.

3. Background of the Study
Onions do not only provide flavor, they
also provide important nutrients and health-
promoting phytochemicals. It is high in
vitamin C. Onion is a good source of dietary
fiber, and folic acid. Onions contain quercetin,
a flavonoid.

4. Studies have indicated that quercetin
helps to eliminate free radicals in the body, to
inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation (an
important reaction in the atherosclerosis and
coronary heart disease), to protect and
regenerate vitamin E and to inactivate the
harmful effects of chelate metal ions.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), previously
named Campylobacter pyloridis, is a Gram-
negative, microaerophilicbacterium commonly
found in the stomach.

5. Theoretical Framework
Major dietary sources of quercetin
include apple, tea, and onion. Recent studies
at Wageningen Agricultural University, the
Netherlands, showed that the absorption of
quercetin from onions is twice that from tea
and more than three times that from apples.

6. Based on studies conducted at The
Queen’s University at Belfast, Ireland and
Wageningen Agricultural University, the
content of quercetin in onions is estimated to
be between 22.40 mg and 51.82 mg per
medium-sized onion (100 gram).
Other studies have shown that
consumption of onions may be beneficial for
reduced risk of certain diseases. Consumption
of onions may prevent gastric ulcers by
scavenging free radicals and by preventing
growth of the ulcer-forming microorganism.

7. Paradigm of the Study
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
• Onion Bulb Extract Zone of Inhibition of
• Commercial Antibiotic Helicobacter pylori

8. General Objective
This experimental research study
aims to determine the effect of onion
bulb extract against the Helicobacter
pylori.

9. Specific Objectives
Specifically it sought to answer the following
questions:
1. What is the mean zone of inhibition of the
Helicobacter pylori when applied with Onion Bulb
extract?
2. What is the mean zone of inhibition of the
Helicobacter pylori when applied with commercial
Antibiotic?
3. Is there a significant difference between the mean
zone of inhibition of Helicobacter pylori when applied
with Onion Bulb extract and commercial Antibiotic?

10. Significance of the Study
This research study is conducted in order to
determine the effect of Onion Bulb extract against
Helicobacter pylori. The results obtained from this
investigation are envisioned to benefit the following:
People of the Community. This study could give
more information to the people on the community on
how they can treat diseases caused by Helicobacter
pylori using onion bulb that is widely available in the
locality.
Chemists, Pharmacists, and Doctors. They
would enable to formulate a better and cheaper
alternative medicine against Helicobacter pylori that
will be a good substitute to commercial drugs.

11. Department of Health. This study could help DOH
in making necessary actions to combat diseases caused
by Helicobacter pylori. This will help them to consider
other alternative medicines that is capable of killing
Helicobacter pylori but is cheaper and healthy.
Future Researchers. This would provide them with
background information, philosophy, as well as
explanation on how to treat diseases caused by
Helicobacter pylori. It will provide them with information
that will help them in pursuing similar studies in the
future.
Finally, this paper would provide pertinent data for
other investigators who would like to undertake further
research. Also this study would serve as an example and
motivation for other researchers to conduct similar
studies within or outside the school.

12. Review of the Related Literature
Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped
bacterium that infects well over 30% of the world’s
population. This is, therefore, one of the most
common bacterial infections known to mankind.
Between 1979-82, Australian pathologist, Robin
Warren and Australian gastroenterologist, Barry
Marshall, identified H. pylori and suggested a link to
the development of stomach ulcers. Since this
discovery, the World Health Organization has
declared the bacteria to be a Class 1 carcinogen
(bacterium produces cancer).

13. It invades the mucosal lining of the stomach
and is the cause of up to 95% of duodenal and
up to 75% gastric ulcers and has also been
associated with gastric cancer and lymphoma.
About 15% of people with H. pylori
infection get ulcers either in the stomach
(gastric ulcer) or in the duodenum (duodenal
ulcer). Although it tend to cause indigestion,
occasionally they become much more serious
as they can bleed or even burst (perforate)
which happens if the ulcer burrows deep
enough actually to make a hole. People with
ulcers should therefore be treated with the aim
of getting rid of H. pylori.

14. Review of the Related Literature
Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Onions (Allium cepa L.) belong to the lily
family, the same family as garlic, leeks, chives,
scallions and shallots.There are over 600 species
of Allium, distributed all over Europe, North
America, Northern Africa and Asia. The plants
can be used as ornamentals, vegetables, spices,
or as medicine. There are over 120 different
documented uses of the Alliums.

15. Onion and other Allium vegetables are
characterized by their rich content of
thiosulfinates, sulfides, sulfoxides, and other
odoriferous sulfur compounds. The cysteine
sulfoxides are primarily responsible for the onion
flavor and produce the eye-irritating compounds
that induce lacrimation. The thiosulfinates exhibit
antimicrobial properties. Onion is effective
against many bacteria including Bacillus subtilis,
Salmonella, and E. coli. Onion is not as potent as
garlic since the sulfur compounds in onion are
only about one-quarter the level found in garlic
(Winston Craig, 2003 – 2012).