Anthrax Attacks
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MrGThe anthrax attacks of 2001 began one week after the September 11th attacks. Letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to several news media offices in New York City. One letter was also sent to American Media Inc. in Florida. The anthrax caused the death of Robert Stevens. Later in October, letters were sent to Senators Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy, shutting down some government mail operations. The anthrax in the letters sent to the senators was a powdery form that could be inhaled, unlike the first letters. The attacks led to widespread paranoia and investigations but the perpetrator was never determined.
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1Table of Contents Title PageDedicationIn.docx
1
Table of Contents
Title Page
Dedication
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 - THE SENSE OF AN EPIDEMIC
CHAPTER 2 - PLAGUE: BIRTH OF THE MODEL EPIDEMIC
THE COMING OF PLAGUE TO EUROPE
DISEASE AND FEARS OF CONSPIRACY
PLAGUE AND VIOLENCE TOWARD JEWS
ILLNESS AND FAITH
PLAGUE AND THE GROWTH OF THE STATE
“BLACK DEATH”
CHAPTER 3 - CHOLERA, POVERTY, AND THE POLITICIZED EPIDEMIC
CHOLERA’S BEGINNINGS
A DISEASE OF THE POOR
THE POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION OF ILLNESS
MIASMA AND THE RISE OF SCIENCE
CHOLERA AND UTILITARIANISM
CHOLERA IN AMERICA
ILLNESS AND IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 4 - GERMS, SCIENCE, AND THE STRANGER
GERM THEORY VICTORIOUS
THE BIRTH AND GROWTH OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
MICROBIOLOGY’S DEBUT
EVOLUTION, SOCIAL DARWINISM, AND THE CARRIER
GERMS IN AMERICA
GERMS, FLU, AND FEAR
THE AFTERMATH OF GERM THEORY
CHAPTER 5 - THE CONQUEST OF CONTAGION
PROGRESSIVISM AND MORALISM
GERMS AND THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION
“YOU CANNOT HAVE OMELETTES WITHOUT BREAKING EGGS”
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AN EXTRAORDINARY EPIDEMIC
DEBATES ABOUT DEVIANCE
THE MIXING OF CAUSE AND EFFECT
THE BEHAVIORAL TURN: EDUCATION AS POLICY
EDUCATION IN LIEU OF POLICY
THE PERSISTENT THEME OF BEHAVIOR
THE WORLD’S EPIDEMIC
CHAPTER 7 - MANAGING THE IMAGINED EPIDEMIC
THE BIOTERRORISM SCARE
HEALTH OFFICIALS AS SOOTHSAYERS
THE OBESITY SCARE
OBESITY AS FALL GUY FOR MODERN FEARS
MANAGING MISGIVINGS ABOUT PARENTING: CHILDHOOD
OBESITY
AUTISM, THE ADMINISTRATIVE EPIDEMIC
EPILOGUE
Acknowledgements
NOTES
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
Copyright Page
3
4
5
To my father
6
INTRODUCTION TO THE PAPERBACK EDITION
A half-year after the hardcover publication of Dread, sleeves across America were
being rolled up for the swine flu vaccine. New York City set out to inoculate
schoolchildren, and pregnant women lined up to get vaccinated at their
obstetricians’ offices. Although the swine flu outbreak had caused less harm in the
six months since it started than almost any flu event of the past century, everyone
was alarmed. And everyone had questions.
At a symposium in Holland, people asked me whether I thought their
government really needed to buy up enough flu vaccine for every Dutch citizen. A
reporter in Chicago told me he saw boycotts of soccer games involving Mexican
teams, because people thought the flu could be spread by Mexicans. A Canadian
radio host asked whether her country was worrying too much about the flu. An
Australian physician and another in France chided me for my refusal to endorse the
sky-is-falling rhetoric of flu preparedness. Around the U.S., hand-sanitizer
dispensers flowered at supermarket checkouts, airport security points, libraries, and
classrooms; colleagues and friends wondered whether the sanitizing gel could
really stop the flu virus. At home in New York, nurses cried foul at mandatory
immunizations (later rescinded). Physicians expressed frustration at the difficulty
of persuading parents to have t ...
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1 Lessons from the past How the deadly second wave
1
Lessons from the past: How the deadly
second wave of the 1918 ‘Spanish flu’
caught Dallas and the U.S. by surprise
Health concerns about the 2020 coronavirus pandemic are rooted in the
catastrophic second wave of the 1918 pandemic, which hit between
September and November of that year.
By David Tarrant
9:00 AM on Jul 3, 2020
https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2020/07/03/lessons-from-the-past-how-the-deadly-second-
wave-of-the-1918-spanish-flu-caught-dallas-and-the-us-by-surprise/
Illustration by staff artist Michael Hogue.(Michael Hogue / Michael Hogue illustration)
As August gave way to September of 1918, few people were thinking about the
influenza that would soon sweep across Texas and the rest of the country with the speed and
deadly ferocity of a firestorm.
There had been a relatively mild version of the virus in the spring of that year, mostly
affecting troops mobilizing to go off to World War I over in Europe. But by summer the disease
known at the time as the Spanish flu had been largely forgotten.
The front pages of The Dallas Morning News were dominated by news of American troops
pouring into Europe for what would come to be known as World War I.
But that would quickly change. By the end of September, a second wave of the flu, far
deadlier, would sweep across the country, hitting Dallas and other large cities hard.
When health experts worry about the course of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, they
often look back at the second wave of the 1918 pandemic, between September and November,
https://www.dallasnews.com/author/david-tarrant
2
when influenza cases overwhelmed hospitals and medical staffs across the country and the dead
piled up faster than they could be buried.
In Dallas that year, the city’s chief health officer, A.W. Carnes, waved off the fast-
approaching pandemic as not much more than the common cold. In a major blunder, he permitted
a patriotic parade in late September that attracted a cheering crowd of thousands jammed
together downtown.
Cases of influenza promptly spiked.
The second wave would produce most of the deaths of the pandemic, which experts now
estimate at 50 million to 100 million worldwide. In the United States, 675,000 people died from
the virus.
The Dallas Morning News on Sept. 27, 1918, reported the rapid spread of the Spanish flu. Despite the worsening
conditions, Dallas medical officials hesitated to impose restrictions on public gatherings for more than two weeks.
As it did then, the world is struggling with a virus for which there is no vaccine. COVID-19,
the sickness caused by the new coronavirus, has advanced unabated around the world since it first
appeared in China late last year. By the end of June, the number of deaths worldwide exceeded
500,000.
Like the Spanish flu in 1918, the new coronavirus isn’t showing signs of fading away
anytime soon. Texas ended June with alarm lights flashing as new COVID-19 cases set records
daily ...
1 Lessons from the past How the deadly second wave
1
Lessons from the past: How the deadly
second wave of the 1918 ‘Spanish flu’
caught Dallas and the U.S. by surprise
Health concerns about the 2020 coronavirus pandemic are rooted in the
catastrophic second wave of the 1918 pandemic, which hit between
September and November of that year.
By David Tarrant
9:00 AM on Jul 3, 2020
https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2020/07/03/lessons-from-the-past-how-the-deadly-second-
wave-of-the-1918-spanish-flu-caught-dallas-and-the-us-by-surprise/
Illustration by staff artist Michael Hogue.(Michael Hogue / Michael Hogue illustration)
As August gave way to September of 1918, few people were thinking about the
influenza that would soon sweep across Texas and the rest of the country with the speed and
deadly ferocity of a firestorm.
There had been a relatively mild version of the virus in the spring of that year, mostly
affecting troops mobilizing to go off to World War I over in Europe. But by summer the disease
known at the time as the Spanish flu had been largely forgotten.
The front pages of The Dallas Morning News were dominated by news of American troops
pouring into Europe for what would come to be known as World War I.
But that would quickly change. By the end of September, a second wave of the flu, far
deadlier, would sweep across the country, hitting Dallas and other large cities hard.
When health experts worry about the course of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, they
often look back at the second wave of the 1918 pandemic, between September and November,
https://www.dallasnews.com/author/david-tarrant
2
when influenza cases overwhelmed hospitals and medical staffs across the country and the dead
piled up faster than they could be buried.
In Dallas that year, the city’s chief health officer, A.W. Carnes, waved off the fast-
approaching pandemic as not much more than the common cold. In a major blunder, he permitted
a patriotic parade in late September that attracted a cheering crowd of thousands jammed
together downtown.
Cases of influenza promptly spiked.
The second wave would produce most of the deaths of the pandemic, which experts now
estimate at 50 million to 100 million worldwide. In the United States, 675,000 people died from
the virus.
The Dallas Morning News on Sept. 27, 1918, reported the rapid spread of the Spanish flu. Despite the worsening
conditions, Dallas medical officials hesitated to impose restrictions on public gatherings for more than two weeks.
As it did then, the world is struggling with a virus for which there is no vaccine. COVID-19,
the sickness caused by the new coronavirus, has advanced unabated around the world since it first
appeared in China late last year. By the end of June, the number of deaths worldwide exceeded
500,000.
Like the Spanish flu in 1918, the new coronavirus isn’t showing signs of fading away
anytime soon. Texas ended June with alarm lights flashing as new COVID-19 cases set records
daily ...
Consider the 3 alternative allocation methods from the previ.pdf
Consider the 3 alternative allocation methods from the previous question, the free market,
government allocation to minimize deaths, government allocation to the rich and politically
powerful.
Read the article about Alexandra Cortez, a politically powerful young person at little risk of dying if
infected, getting the vaccine before the general population which contains many older,
disenfranchised, and politically powerless individuals.
Compare and contrast outcomes for:
1. Rich people, ie. Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren.
2. Politically Powerful People, i.e. Bernie Sanders, Alexandria Cortez, Elizabeth Warren, and
Greta Thornburg.
3. Disenfranchised poor people. i.e. Jose Illegal
4. Average people, i.e. Archie Bunker.
Make an argument that one allocation method is superior to the others. Consider:
1. Who gets the vaccine.
2. How each person's money is affected.
3. Whether the vaccine is used to minimize the death toll of the virus.
4. How average and disenfranchised people fare compared to the rich and powerful.
Take into account that there are alternatives to minimizing the risk of infection besides getting
vaccinated. Without the vaccine self-isolating, wearing PPE, and strict hygiene can be used to
reduce the probability of infection for the unvaccinated. For instance, if Archie Bunker can't get the
vaccine or is unwilling to pay the market price, he can still prevent infection by self isolating or can
reduce the chance of getting infected by using PPE and strict hygiene.
Compare and contrast the 3 allocation methods. Which method is best? Explain your logic along
with a general description of how the free market allocates scarce supplies of a good.
---------------------------------------------
AOC and the ugly world of vaccination politics
George, Robert A.Chicago Tribune; Chicago, Ill. ]29 Dec 2020
The Christmas gift many Americans were eager for this year arrived a few days early: a vaccine
against COVID-19. Unfortunately, there is no such inoculation against political opportunism --
which is exactly what those who criticize politicians for getting the vaccine are engaging in.
Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez recorded herself on Dec. 19 getting her COVID-19 vaccine shot
and shared it with her 8.2 million Instagram followers. This being 2020 (and this being AOC), her
decision attracted a lot of criticism, much of it along the lines that she's only 31 and not likely to
face serious health issues if she contracts the coronavirus. Then 49-year-old Sen. Marco Rubio
also got his shot -- and also found himself criticized, as a reckless hypocrite for getting it after
having attended campaign rallies for President Donald Trump where few people wore masks.
As a matter of law, all members of Congress, as part of the legislative branch of government, are
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protocols. Under the same protocol, Vice President Mike Pence recently got his shot.
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National Security Forum Presentation by Kimothy Smith
The Anthrax attacks in 1993 by the Aum Shinrikyo and, in 2001, the Amerithrax Case, brought the realization that the threats from biological attack were far from over, but had changed from what we traditionally thought they were. From the Soviet “BioPreparat”, we are now confronted with home-grown, terrorist, and other non-state actors experimenting with various forms of bio-weapons. Dr. Kimothy Smith, who has more than 25 years of experience working in Public and Biodefense. has served with the Department of Homeland Security and as a Senior Advisor for International Biodefense to the U.S. State Department. His presentation of Biowarfare to the National Security Forum was riveting. We thought you might like to peruse the slides he used in his PowerPoint talk.
1Table of Contents Title PageDedicationIn.docx
1
Table of Contents
Title Page
Dedication
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 - THE SENSE OF AN EPIDEMIC
CHAPTER 2 - PLAGUE: BIRTH OF THE MODEL EPIDEMIC
THE COMING OF PLAGUE TO EUROPE
DISEASE AND FEARS OF CONSPIRACY
PLAGUE AND VIOLENCE TOWARD JEWS
ILLNESS AND FAITH
PLAGUE AND THE GROWTH OF THE STATE
“BLACK DEATH”
CHAPTER 3 - CHOLERA, POVERTY, AND THE POLITICIZED EPIDEMIC
CHOLERA’S BEGINNINGS
A DISEASE OF THE POOR
THE POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION OF ILLNESS
MIASMA AND THE RISE OF SCIENCE
CHOLERA AND UTILITARIANISM
CHOLERA IN AMERICA
ILLNESS AND IMMIGRATION
CHAPTER 4 - GERMS, SCIENCE, AND THE STRANGER
GERM THEORY VICTORIOUS
THE BIRTH AND GROWTH OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
MICROBIOLOGY’S DEBUT
EVOLUTION, SOCIAL DARWINISM, AND THE CARRIER
GERMS IN AMERICA
GERMS, FLU, AND FEAR
THE AFTERMATH OF GERM THEORY
CHAPTER 5 - THE CONQUEST OF CONTAGION
PROGRESSIVISM AND MORALISM
GERMS AND THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION
“YOU CANNOT HAVE OMELETTES WITHOUT BREAKING EGGS”
2
BEYOND EUGENICS
BEYOND GERM THEORY
CHAPTER 6 - POSTMODERN EPIDEMICS
AN EXTRAORDINARY EPIDEMIC
DEBATES ABOUT DEVIANCE
THE MIXING OF CAUSE AND EFFECT
THE BEHAVIORAL TURN: EDUCATION AS POLICY
EDUCATION IN LIEU OF POLICY
THE PERSISTENT THEME OF BEHAVIOR
THE WORLD’S EPIDEMIC
CHAPTER 7 - MANAGING THE IMAGINED EPIDEMIC
THE BIOTERRORISM SCARE
HEALTH OFFICIALS AS SOOTHSAYERS
THE OBESITY SCARE
OBESITY AS FALL GUY FOR MODERN FEARS
MANAGING MISGIVINGS ABOUT PARENTING: CHILDHOOD
OBESITY
AUTISM, THE ADMINISTRATIVE EPIDEMIC
EPILOGUE
Acknowledgements
NOTES
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
Copyright Page
3
4
5
To my father
6
INTRODUCTION TO THE PAPERBACK EDITION
A half-year after the hardcover publication of Dread, sleeves across America were
being rolled up for the swine flu vaccine. New York City set out to inoculate
schoolchildren, and pregnant women lined up to get vaccinated at their
obstetricians’ offices. Although the swine flu outbreak had caused less harm in the
six months since it started than almost any flu event of the past century, everyone
was alarmed. And everyone had questions.
At a symposium in Holland, people asked me whether I thought their
government really needed to buy up enough flu vaccine for every Dutch citizen. A
reporter in Chicago told me he saw boycotts of soccer games involving Mexican
teams, because people thought the flu could be spread by Mexicans. A Canadian
radio host asked whether her country was worrying too much about the flu. An
Australian physician and another in France chided me for my refusal to endorse the
sky-is-falling rhetoric of flu preparedness. Around the U.S., hand-sanitizer
dispensers flowered at supermarket checkouts, airport security points, libraries, and
classrooms; colleagues and friends wondered whether the sanitizing gel could
really stop the flu virus. At home in New York, nurses cried foul at mandatory
immunizations (later rescinded). Physicians expressed frustration at the difficulty
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As a rule, one should not panic at whatever crisis has momentarily fixed the attention of cable news producers. But the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, which has migrated to both Europe and America, may be the exception that proves the rule. There are at least six reasons that a controlled, informed panic might be in order.
1 Lessons from the past How the deadly second wave
1
Lessons from the past: How the deadly
second wave of the 1918 ‘Spanish flu’
caught Dallas and the U.S. by surprise
Health concerns about the 2020 coronavirus pandemic are rooted in the
catastrophic second wave of the 1918 pandemic, which hit between
September and November of that year.
By David Tarrant
9:00 AM on Jul 3, 2020
https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2020/07/03/lessons-from-the-past-how-the-deadly-second-
wave-of-the-1918-spanish-flu-caught-dallas-and-the-us-by-surprise/
Illustration by staff artist Michael Hogue.(Michael Hogue / Michael Hogue illustration)
As August gave way to September of 1918, few people were thinking about the
influenza that would soon sweep across Texas and the rest of the country with the speed and
deadly ferocity of a firestorm.
There had been a relatively mild version of the virus in the spring of that year, mostly
affecting troops mobilizing to go off to World War I over in Europe. But by summer the disease
known at the time as the Spanish flu had been largely forgotten.
The front pages of The Dallas Morning News were dominated by news of American troops
pouring into Europe for what would come to be known as World War I.
But that would quickly change. By the end of September, a second wave of the flu, far
deadlier, would sweep across the country, hitting Dallas and other large cities hard.
When health experts worry about the course of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, they
often look back at the second wave of the 1918 pandemic, between September and November,
https://www.dallasnews.com/author/david-tarrant
2
when influenza cases overwhelmed hospitals and medical staffs across the country and the dead
piled up faster than they could be buried.
In Dallas that year, the city’s chief health officer, A.W. Carnes, waved off the fast-
approaching pandemic as not much more than the common cold. In a major blunder, he permitted
a patriotic parade in late September that attracted a cheering crowd of thousands jammed
together downtown.
Cases of influenza promptly spiked.
The second wave would produce most of the deaths of the pandemic, which experts now
estimate at 50 million to 100 million worldwide. In the United States, 675,000 people died from
the virus.
The Dallas Morning News on Sept. 27, 1918, reported the rapid spread of the Spanish flu. Despite the worsening
conditions, Dallas medical officials hesitated to impose restrictions on public gatherings for more than two weeks.
As it did then, the world is struggling with a virus for which there is no vaccine. COVID-19,
the sickness caused by the new coronavirus, has advanced unabated around the world since it first
appeared in China late last year. By the end of June, the number of deaths worldwide exceeded
500,000.
Like the Spanish flu in 1918, the new coronavirus isn’t showing signs of fading away
anytime soon. Texas ended June with alarm lights flashing as new COVID-19 cases set records
daily ...
1 Lessons from the past How the deadly second wave
1
Lessons from the past: How the deadly
second wave of the 1918 ‘Spanish flu’
caught Dallas and the U.S. by surprise
Health concerns about the 2020 coronavirus pandemic are rooted in the
catastrophic second wave of the 1918 pandemic, which hit between
September and November of that year.
By David Tarrant
9:00 AM on Jul 3, 2020
https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2020/07/03/lessons-from-the-past-how-the-deadly-second-
wave-of-the-1918-spanish-flu-caught-dallas-and-the-us-by-surprise/
Illustration by staff artist Michael Hogue.(Michael Hogue / Michael Hogue illustration)
As August gave way to September of 1918, few people were thinking about the
influenza that would soon sweep across Texas and the rest of the country with the speed and
deadly ferocity of a firestorm.
There had been a relatively mild version of the virus in the spring of that year, mostly
affecting troops mobilizing to go off to World War I over in Europe. But by summer the disease
known at the time as the Spanish flu had been largely forgotten.
The front pages of The Dallas Morning News were dominated by news of American troops
pouring into Europe for what would come to be known as World War I.
But that would quickly change. By the end of September, a second wave of the flu, far
deadlier, would sweep across the country, hitting Dallas and other large cities hard.
When health experts worry about the course of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, they
often look back at the second wave of the 1918 pandemic, between September and November,
https://www.dallasnews.com/author/david-tarrant
2
when influenza cases overwhelmed hospitals and medical staffs across the country and the dead
piled up faster than they could be buried.
In Dallas that year, the city’s chief health officer, A.W. Carnes, waved off the fast-
approaching pandemic as not much more than the common cold. In a major blunder, he permitted
a patriotic parade in late September that attracted a cheering crowd of thousands jammed
together downtown.
Cases of influenza promptly spiked.
The second wave would produce most of the deaths of the pandemic, which experts now
estimate at 50 million to 100 million worldwide. In the United States, 675,000 people died from
the virus.
The Dallas Morning News on Sept. 27, 1918, reported the rapid spread of the Spanish flu. Despite the worsening
conditions, Dallas medical officials hesitated to impose restrictions on public gatherings for more than two weeks.
As it did then, the world is struggling with a virus for which there is no vaccine. COVID-19,
the sickness caused by the new coronavirus, has advanced unabated around the world since it first
appeared in China late last year. By the end of June, the number of deaths worldwide exceeded
500,000.
Like the Spanish flu in 1918, the new coronavirus isn’t showing signs of fading away
anytime soon. Texas ended June with alarm lights flashing as new COVID-19 cases set records
daily ...
Consider the 3 alternative allocation methods from the previ.pdf
Consider the 3 alternative allocation methods from the previous question, the free market,
government allocation to minimize deaths, government allocation to the rich and politically
powerful.
Read the article about Alexandra Cortez, a politically powerful young person at little risk of dying if
infected, getting the vaccine before the general population which contains many older,
disenfranchised, and politically powerless individuals.
Compare and contrast outcomes for:
1. Rich people, ie. Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren.
2. Politically Powerful People, i.e. Bernie Sanders, Alexandria Cortez, Elizabeth Warren, and
Greta Thornburg.
3. Disenfranchised poor people. i.e. Jose Illegal
4. Average people, i.e. Archie Bunker.
Make an argument that one allocation method is superior to the others. Consider:
1. Who gets the vaccine.
2. How each person's money is affected.
3. Whether the vaccine is used to minimize the death toll of the virus.
4. How average and disenfranchised people fare compared to the rich and powerful.
Take into account that there are alternatives to minimizing the risk of infection besides getting
vaccinated. Without the vaccine self-isolating, wearing PPE, and strict hygiene can be used to
reduce the probability of infection for the unvaccinated. For instance, if Archie Bunker can't get the
vaccine or is unwilling to pay the market price, he can still prevent infection by self isolating or can
reduce the chance of getting infected by using PPE and strict hygiene.
Compare and contrast the 3 allocation methods. Which method is best? Explain your logic along
with a general description of how the free market allocates scarce supplies of a good.
---------------------------------------------
AOC and the ugly world of vaccination politics
George, Robert A.Chicago Tribune; Chicago, Ill. ]29 Dec 2020
The Christmas gift many Americans were eager for this year arrived a few days early: a vaccine
against COVID-19. Unfortunately, there is no such inoculation against political opportunism --
which is exactly what those who criticize politicians for getting the vaccine are engaging in.
Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez recorded herself on Dec. 19 getting her COVID-19 vaccine shot
and shared it with her 8.2 million Instagram followers. This being 2020 (and this being AOC), her
decision attracted a lot of criticism, much of it along the lines that she's only 31 and not likely to
face serious health issues if she contracts the coronavirus. Then 49-year-old Sen. Marco Rubio
also got his shot -- and also found himself criticized, as a reckless hypocrite for getting it after
having attended campaign rallies for President Donald Trump where few people wore masks.
As a matter of law, all members of Congress, as part of the legislative branch of government, are
eligible to "cut the line" for a vaccine, regardless of their age, thanks to continuity-of-government
protocols. Under the same protocol, Vice President Mike Pence recently got his shot.
Still, th.
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An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Resolutions-Key-Interventions-28-May-2024.pdf
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
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01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
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EED - The Container Port PERFORMANCE INDEX 2023
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
Letter-from-ECI-to-MeiTY-21st-march-2024.pdf
भारत सरकार द्वारा बड़े पैमाने पर व्हाट्सएप अभियान चलाए जाने से डेटा गोपनीयता, नैतिकता और चुनावों की निष्पक्षता पर सवाल उठते हैं।
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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