.

1. Anatomy
of
Anterior and Lateral Neck

2. Surface Anatomy

3. Cutaneous innervation of the neck
• *Anterior cutaneous
nerve of the neck
• (transverse
cutaneous nerve of
the neck)
• *Supraclavicular
nerve

4. Platysma Muscle
– O: fascia covering the
pectoralis major and the
deltoid muscle
– I: symphisis menti,
mandible, expression
muscles around the mouth
– F: tenses the neck,
depresses the mandibul
- Nerve: facial nerve

5. Fascia of the neck
• 1. Superficial lamina
(investing layer)
• 2. Prevertebral
fascia
• 3. Pretracheal
fascia

6. Fascia of the neck

7. Fascia of the neck

8. Anterior and Lateral neck muscles

9. Anterior and Lateral neck muscles

10. Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
• Sternocleidomastoid
O: manubrium & medial
clavicle
• I: mastoid process of
temporal bone
• F: unilateral→rotate
head contralaterally
bilateral→ flexion of
the head & neck
•
• N: accessory n.

11. Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Muscles
• Suprahyoid Muscles
– Digastric muscle
– Stylohyoid muscle
– Mylohyoid muscle
– Geniohyoid muscle
• Infrahyoid Muscles
– Sternohyoid muscle
– Sternothyroid muscle
– Thyrohyoid muscle
– Omohyoid muscle

12. Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Muscles
• Suprahyoid Muscles
– Digastric muscle
– Stylohyoid muscle
– Mylohyoid muscle
– Geniohyoid muscle
• Infrahyoid Muscles
– Sternohyoid muscle
– Sternothyroid muscle
– Thyrohyoid muscle
– Omohyoid muscle

13. Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Muscles
Suprahyoid Muscles
– Digastric muscle
– Stylohyoid muscle
– Mylohyoid muscle
– Geniohyoid muscle
Infrahyoid Muscles
– Sternohyoid muscle
– Sternothyroid muscle
– Thyrohyoid muscle
– Omohyoid muscle

14. Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Muscles

15. Digastric Muscle
Digastric Muscle
– O: anterior belly → digastric
fossa
Posterior belly → mastoid notch
– I: two bellies meet through an
intermdeiate tendon, which
attaches to the hyoid bone via
fiber expansion
– F: anterior belly → depresses the
mandibul
Posterior belly → elevates the
hyoid bone
- Nerve: anterior belly →
mandibular nervedigastric fossa
Posterior belly → facial nerve

17. Stylohyoid muscle
Stylohyoid Muscle
– O:Styloid process
– I: Hyoid bone bone
– F: draws the hyoid
bone upwards and
backwards
- Nerve: facial nerve

19. Mylohyoid Muscle
Mylohyoid Muscle
– O:mylohyoid line of
mandibul
– I: posterior fibers
attaches to the hyoid
bone bone, anterior
fibers together with the
fibers of the opposite
side attaches to the
tendinous raphe
– F: elevates the floor of
the mouth, rises the
hyoid bone
- Nerve: mandibular nerve

21. Geniohyoid Muscle
Geniohyoid Muscle
– O:inferior part of
mental spine
– I:hyoid bone
– F: It draws the hyoid
bone forwards, helps
to fix the hyoid bone
- Nerve: hypoglossal
nerve

22. Sternohyoid Muscle
Sternohyoid Muscle
O:clavicle, manibrium of
the sternum
I: lower border of
hyoid bone
F: Pulls the hyoid bone
after it has been
elevated
N: ansa cervicalis

24. Sternothyroid Muscles
Sternothyroid Muscle
O: manibrium of the
sternum
I: oblique line of
thyroid cartilage
F: Pulls the larynx
downwards
N: ansa cervicalis

25. Thyrohyoid Muscles
Thyrohyoid Muscle
O: oblique line of thyroid
cartilage
I: lower part of hyoid bone
F: Pulls the hyoid bone
downwards after it has
been elevated or pulls
the larynx downwards
N: hypoglossal nerve

27. Omohyoid Muscle
Omohyoid Muscle
O: Superior →hyoid bone
inferior belly →superior
border of scapula
I: the two bellies meet through
an intermediate tendon
F: Pulls the hyoid bone
downwards
N: ansa cervicalis

29. Triangles of the neck

30. Anterior Triangle Divisions
Muscular triangle
-Midline of the neck,
-Sternocleidomastoid
-Superior belly of
omohyoid
Content
Infrahyoid muscles

32. Carotid triangle
• Borders:
-Sternocleidomastoid
-Posterior belly of
digastric, stylohyoid
-Superior belly of
omohyoid
Anterior Triangle Divisions

33. Anterior Triangle Divisions

34. Content of Carotid Triangle
Content
-upper part of common
carotid artery
-external carotid artery
and its branches
-Hypoglossal nerve
External and internal
laryngeal nerve
-Vagus nerve
-internal jugular vein

36. Digastric triangle
(submandibular tiangle)
-Anterior belly of
digastric,
-Superior belly of
omohyoid
-Posterior belly of
digastric, stylohyoid
Anterior Triangle Divisions

37. Content of Digastric Triangle
Content
-submandibular gland
-facial artery & vein
-Hypoglossal n.

38. Submental triangle
•
-Anterior bellies of
digastric
-Hyoid bone
Content
-few lymph nodes
-veins unite to form the
anterior jugular vein
Anterior Triangle Divisions

39. Posterior Triangle Divisions
Occipital triangle
-Inferior belly of
omohyoid
-Sternocleidomastoid
muscle
-Trapezius muscle

40. Posterior Triangle Divisions

41. Content of Occipital Triangle
Content
-Accessory nerve
- Cutaneous and
muscular branches
of cervical plexus
- Trunks of brachial
plexus
- Supraclavicular
nerve

42. Content of Occipital Triangle

43. Supraclavicular triangle
(Subclavian triangle)
-Inferior belly of
omohyoid
-Sternocleidomastoid
muscle
-Clavicle
Posterior Triangle Divisions

44. Content of Supraclavicular Triangle
Content
-Subclavian artery
- Truncks of brachial
plexus
- Supraclavicular
nerve
- External jugular vein

45. Content of Supraclavicular Triangle

46. Arteries of the Neck

47. Branches of the External carotid Artery
1. Superior thyroid a.
2. Lingual a.
3. Facial a.
4. Ascending pharyngeal a.
5. Occipital a.
6. Posterior auricular a.

48. Veins of the Neck
• Anterior jugular vein
• External jugular vein
• Internal jugular vein

49. Veins of the Neck

50. Anterior jugular vein
Formed by the union of
veins in the submandibular
region
↓
External jugular
vein

51. External jugular vein
• Posterior auricular
vein
&
• Retromandibular vein
• ↓
• Venous angle
(junction of
subclavian & internal
jugular vein)

53. Internal jugular vein
• Drains blood from the brain
• Some structures of the face
↓
• Unites with subclavian vein
↓
• Brachiocephalic vein
↓
• Superior vena cava