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This document provides guidance on how to write effective annotations. It defines annotations as brief descriptions of publications that characterize the work in a way that allows readers to decide whether to read it in full. Annotations should be one well-developed paragraph between 100-200 words that summarizes without adding new information. The document outlines the purpose of annotations and common types, provides examples and tips for writing descriptive and critical annotations, and suggests common phrases to use when writing annotations.
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2) How to select and analyze relevant texts by asking critical questions and developing a position on the research topic.
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The document provides an overview of conducting a literature review. It discusses that a literature review documents previous research in the areas related to the researcher's topic of interest. It aims to identify what problems have already been studied and which need further investigation. The literature review gives knowledge of past studies in the field and how they were conducted. It also discusses the purpose of reviewing literature such as gaining background on the topic, identifying concepts and relationships, and determining appropriate research methods. The document outlines the steps to conducting an effective literature review such as identifying relevant sources, extracting and recording information, and writing the review.
The Review For this assignment, you will be required to w.docx
The Review
For this assignment, you will be required to write a scholarly review of Cormac
McCarthy’s The Road. In this review, you will be required to interpret The Road within a
larger conversation (based on the themes you have been developing throughout the past
few weeks). Your review will need to include supplemental information from two of our
previous texts.
750 Word Minimum. Posted to your Class Blog. Legible font, images, sound, etc. strongly
recommended.
Why Write and How to Write a Review:
The purpose of a scholarly review is to summarize, analyze, evaluate, and place within a
field of scholarship whatever is being reviewed. Often, the audience of the scholarly
review has some familiarity with the text (book, movie, TV show, etc) that is being
reviewed. Even if this is not the case, the audience will have some background and/or
interest in the discipline and the subject. Consequently, the scholarly review is less a
summary and more a critical evaluation or commentary.
The type of review that you will engage in is often referred to as a critique, a critical
analysis, or a critical review. Whatever it’s called, the scholarly review tells an educated
audience of the significance of a text or film within the context of a discipline, field of
study, or particular subject or course.
Looking at reviews published in various magazines, newspapers, and scholarly journals
will give you a good idea of the differing audiences and forms of review. You can find
current book/movie reviews using the same library tools that you use to find any other
type of academic source. Using the advanced search option, choose “book review” as
your preferred document type to limit your search to only reviews.
What a Review is Not
• A review is not a research paper. Some students, instead of writing about a book or
a film when they are asked to write a review, write a research paper on the subject
of the book or film.
• A review is not a summary. While it is important to summarize the contents and
significance of whatever you review, you are not merely informing your audience
of the basic plot or events. Instead, you are writing towards a different audience
that will be interested in a critical evaluation, analysis, and/or commentary on the
material.
• A review is not an “off-the-cuff,” personal response. Writing a review will involve
communicating a personal view on the material, but flippant statements that don’t
express your understanding of what you have read do not further the conversation.
Comments like: “I thought the book was interesting” or “The book was boring”
are not sufficient. Instead, you should strive to explain why the book was
interesting (not only for yourself, but potentially for others). Did the text reveal
some new data/thoughts? In order to be effective, a reviewer must be fair and
accurate. You will need to work hard to express the underlying reasons for your
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English 102 Rhetorical Analysis Writing Project 2 R.docx
English 102 Rhetorical Analysis Writing Project 2
Relevant course readings:
Laura Bolin Carroll: “Backpacks vs. Briefcases: Steps toward Rhetorical Analysis” Kerry Dirk:
“Navigating Genres”
Keith GrantDavie: “Rhetorical Situations and Their Constituents”
Due dates:
Response draft (at least 1300 words for full credit) due: (one copy uploaded to Moodle; two hard
copies brought to class for exchange):
Feedback letters/response groups meet: (letters uploaded and brought to class):
Polished draft (at least 1600 words for full credit): (in hard copy, delivered in class):
For the second major writing project of the semester, you’ll produce a comparative rhetorical
analysis by choosing between two different options—scientific or political discourse—and
finding and comparing two instances of rhetorical discourse. Whatever option you select, you’ll
need to address the same questions as you develop your understanding of rhetorical discourse
and the way different discourses address differences in rhetorical situation:
1. The question of exigence: What is the discourse about? What need or purpose does the
discourse address? What fundamental values are at stake? What is the discourse trying to
accomplish—and how successful is it?
2. The question of the rhetor: Who is—or are—the rhetor or rhetors? Who is responsible for the
discourse? Who created it? Does the rhetor successfully establish ethos? Why or why not? How
does the discourse itself invoke a particular rhetor? Who sponsored the discourse, and how?
3. The question of audience: For whom is the discourse intended? To whom would this
discourse appeal? Who is the actual audience, and who is the audience invoked or imagined by
the discourse itself? Does the discourse invite the audience to adopt a new role, a new identity?
4. The question of constraints: What constraints did the rhetor have to take into account—what
factors outside of the discourse and beyond the rhetor’s control might influence the audience’s
response to the discourse? Are they negative or positive constraints? How did the rhetor
accommodate those constraints? Was the rhetor successful?
5. The question of genre: What is the genre of the text, and what purpose does this genre
typically serve? How do audience expectations of the genre contribute to our understanding of
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The document provides guidance on conducting a literature survey or review. It discusses defining literature and the objectives of a literature survey, which include gaining an understanding of the fundamentals and state-of-the-art in an area and discovering research topics based on existing research. The document outlines the main elements of a literature survey, including reviewing previous research, identifying gaps, and justifying how the present research will address gaps. It also provides tips on writing the literature survey, such as summarizing key findings and conclusions of sources. Finally, it discusses strategies for conducting an effective literature search, including refining topics and choosing appropriate databases.
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Comparative Literature 1C: Heroism across Time and Cultures
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University of Glasgow
Running head RESEARCH PROPOSALTitleNameLake.docx
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Title
Name
Lakeland College
address
city, state
telephone
email
Dr. Edward Jedlicka
Master of Arts in Counseling
Date
Research Paper Guidelines
Understanding the process that undergirds principles of research is a primary objective for this course. This project includes a thorough review of literature related the Counseling field. This project should include (1) a title page; (2) an abstract; (3) an introduction to the paper; (4) the review of literature; (5) a methods section; (6) a complete list of references used.
The paper that you will submit should be organized to carefully review research done on a particular topic of your choosing. In the review of literature, you will find it easier and more consistent to use the past tense when describing studies because they have already been completed. Therefore, you should write in the past tense for a scholarly audience, and should use clear and short sentences that generally avoid the use of personal pronouns (e.g., “I”). APA guidelines specify that your manuscript should be double spaced throughout, left justified (with regular “ragged right” margins), and margins should be set to 1 inch on all sides. Please check the Publication Manual of the APA.
Structure of the Paper
Title Page
Title. The title should summarize the main idea of the paper and include the main topic and actual theoretical issue investigated. Good titles are short (< 20 words) and would serve as a type of index of the main issues covered, including the nature of the tasks, participants, or other important variables. Type the title centered, in upper and lower cases, double-spaced.
Running head. Each page of your manuscript has a brief “title” (running head) printed in the upper right hand corner of the manuscript. It should be a maximum of 50 characters, and be followed by the specific page number for that page. A notation as to the specific Running head should be located in all caps, flush left at the top of the title page. For example, on your title page you would show (in the upper left hand corner):
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL - 1
RESEARCH PROPOSAL - 1
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL
On every subsequent page the running head would be right-justified with the page number. [Note: your running head would specify the content of your selected review] For example:
Research Proposal: - 2
Abstract
(This is your section header; centered on the page)
Page two is the Abstract for the paper. It is a brief (150-200 words) comprehensive summary of the research proposal. The Running head and the number 2 are typed in the upper right-hand corner of the page. The word “Abstract” is centered as the first line of type on this page. Type the abstract as a single paragraph in block format (i.e., without paragraph indentation). You may also want to list keywords from your paper in your abstract. To do this, center the text and type Keywords: (it ...
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This document provides guidance on how to write a review article. It discusses the types of publications, benefits of publishing, and why review articles are popular. A review article provides an extensive critical analysis and synthesis of previous literature on a topic. The document outlines the components of a review article, including the title, abstract, introduction, body, conclusions and references. It also provides 18 steps for preparing a review article, from narrowing the topic to revising drafts. Sources for finding relevant literature are academic libraries and databases. The key aspects are to critically evaluate past literature, identify gaps, and provide a novel perspective to stimulate further research.
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This document provides guidance on analyzing texts. It discusses reading texts carefully and considering the context, purpose, and arguments made. The key aspects of textual analysis are summarizing the text, interpreting it based on evidence and reasoning, and relating it to larger issues. Analyses can be organized thematically or by examining each part separately. Close reading, annotating, outlining ideas, and revising are important for developing a clear and well-supported analysis.
Text types
This document provides information about various text types that could be used for a written task 1, including letters to the editor, blogs, opinion columns, speeches, magazine articles, and news reports. It outlines key defining features and structural elements of each text type, as well as advantages and disadvantages of using different types for a written assessment. The document aims to help students choose an appropriate text type and understand conventions for composing texts in that genre.
Tw2010week7 s1150036
This document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review. It defines a literature review as an account of what has been published on a topic by scholars and researchers. The review must be organized around a thesis or research question and synthesize results into a summary of what is known and unknown about the topic. When reviewing individual sources, the reader should critically analyze aspects like whether arguments are logically structured and what the strengths and limitations of each source are. A literature review should identify trends, present themes, and evaluate sources, rather than simply listing or summarizing them.
CSU Learning Skills your link to success httpwww.csu.edu.docx
CSU Learning Skills: your link to success
http://www.csu.edu.au/division/studserv/learning © 2008
Find Self-help Resources at: http://www.csu.edu.au/division/studserv/learning/student_resources
CSU Learning Skills: your link to success
Academic writing
Writing an annotated bibliography
Students are often required to prepare an annotated bibliography. Annotate means to ‘make a note’, and
biblio refers to ‘book’. In the 21
st
century students consult much more but still including books: e.g.
websites, journals (hardcopy and electronic), newspapers and so on. Simply stated, an annotated
bibliography is a list of sources or citations with a brief evaluative summary (annotation) about each source.
Its purpose is to describe and evaluate the source text in a way that allows the reader to decide whether or
not to read the work itself.
Terminology
Source whatever material you have used for your topic; for example,
journal articles, electronic sources, books or chapters of books
Citation gives the precise bibliographical information needed to locate
the material; it is the same as a list of references and is placed
in alphabetical order
Annotation follows each citation, and is a note that explains, describes
and/or evaluates the cited source. Annotations are normally no
more than 50 to 150 words
The purpose of an annotated bibliography
An annotated bibliography is not a simple summary of each source text. Annotations are descriptive and
critical, with the aim of informing the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources (books,
journal articles, etc) cited. In general the annotation is to inform. Specific purposes may be to:
review the literature on a particular subject
illustrate the quality of your research
provide examples of sources available
describe other items on a topic that may be of interest to the reader
explore the subject for further research.
How to write the annotation
1. Locate and record citations to books, periodicals, and documents that may contain useful
information and ideas on your topic.
2. Cite the book, article or document, using the appropriate referencing style. At CSU this is usually
the APA style. For example:
Jones, B. (2008). Colonial Paintings in NSW Art Galleries. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
3. State the authority or background of the author.
4. Comment on the intended audience and degree of reading difficulty.
5. Explain the main purpose of the text.
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CSU Learning Skills: your link to success
http://www.csu.edu.au/division/studserv/learning © 2008
Find Self-help Resources at: http://www.csu.edu.au/division/studserv/learning/student_resources
6. Identify the main points of the text.
7. Clarify the standpoint of the author in relation to his/her thesis or theme.
8. Explain how this text adds to a fuller understanding of your topic.
9. Add cri.
Review of literature
A literature review summarizes and synthesizes the arguments and findings of previous research on a topic. It situates the reviewer's own work within the context of existing literature and identifies areas requiring further research. The review should critically analyze and discuss differing viewpoints rather than simply describing previous works. It should have a clear structure, either chronological or thematic, and use linking words to indicate areas of agreement and disagreement among sources. A literature review establishes the basis and need for the reviewer's own research on the topic.
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This powerpoint reviews parts of academic paper, such as the Title, Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Findings, Discussion, and Conclusion
Text Analysis – Current Educational Philosophy Issue Your Text a.docx
Text Analysis – Current Educational Philosophy Issue
Your Text analysis assignment is an analysis of a current philosophy of education issue. The selected text must have been constructed within the past year. The assignment requires that you make links between your chosen text, concepts, videos, and readings from the course. The purpose of the exercise is to help you to critically examine the way how text inscribe meanings that influence how we conduct education in this country. You may do this paper with a partner.
GUIDELINES
All papers must be typed and should be between 3 to 5 pages long.
Use the handout on Text Analysis while working to make sure all criteria are met. If you work with a partner, only one paper is required. The grade the paper achieves will be assigned to both students.
The format for the paper should be analytic, interpretive, and normative – do not mix up the order of the three perspectives. These perspectives must be clearly delineated in your paper in order to ensure full credit.
It is essential that you remember that this is an analysis and not a report. As such, your goal is to analyze the text not “re-describe” it. Remember! This is not a book report or a “text” description.
Restrict your analysis to a few themes of the text (preferably the main theme), focus on how the argument was constructed and how the text informs education in contemporary society. Utilize course concepts, videos, written texts, quotes, paraphrases, readings, discussion, etc. to help ground your ideas. Failure to do so will result in a weak, one-sided paper.
If you work with a partner, note where you disagree (on what and why). Not everyone shares the same position.
Refer to the "Worksheet on Reading Texts" handout below for explicit questions to guide you in the text analysis.
Worksheet For Reading Text
To really “read” a text, as opposed to just decoding it, requires the reader to construct meaning from the text. To help you in this process, you should attempt to answer at least the following questions for each text? ANALYTIC READING
1. What is the major argument (conclusions) presented in the text?
a. What is the author/speaker trying to convince you?
2. What is the evidence presented to support that claim (Premise)?
3. Is the argument implicit or explicit?
4. Is it an empirical (facts, statistics, etc.), analytical (concepts and definitions) or normative (making a moral claim) argument?
5. What type of reasoning does the author employ (inductive or deductive)?
6. How is the argument presented, i.e. what rhetorical devices are used to make the argument (narrative, metaphors, visual imagery, imagery, ideographs, euphemisms, rhetorical questions, labels, etc.)?
7. Are you able to detect any fallacies in the argument? INTERPRETIVE READING
1. When was the text made?
2. What was going on around that time that might have influenced the writing of this text or the way audiences interpreted it?
3. What might those who r ...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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A literature review surveys scholarly sources on a topic to provide an overview of current knowledge and identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in existing research. It should analyze, synthesize, and critically evaluate sources, rather than just summarizing them. Conducting a literature review allows one to familiarize themselves with a topic, ensure they are not repeating past work, identify gaps their research could address, and develop a theoretical framework. The literature review typically comes early in a research paper, after the introduction, to ground the research in a scholarly field.
rm 2.ppt
The document provides an overview of conducting a literature review. It discusses that a literature review documents previous research in the areas related to the researcher's topic of interest. It aims to identify what problems have already been studied and which need further investigation. The literature review gives knowledge of past studies in the field and how they were conducted. It also discusses the purpose of reviewing literature such as gaining background on the topic, identifying concepts and relationships, and determining appropriate research methods. The document outlines the steps to conducting an effective literature review such as identifying relevant sources, extracting and recording information, and writing the review.
The Review For this assignment, you will be required to w.docx
The Review
For this assignment, you will be required to write a scholarly review of Cormac
McCarthy’s The Road. In this review, you will be required to interpret The Road within a
larger conversation (based on the themes you have been developing throughout the past
few weeks). Your review will need to include supplemental information from two of our
previous texts.
750 Word Minimum. Posted to your Class Blog. Legible font, images, sound, etc. strongly
recommended.
Why Write and How to Write a Review:
The purpose of a scholarly review is to summarize, analyze, evaluate, and place within a
field of scholarship whatever is being reviewed. Often, the audience of the scholarly
review has some familiarity with the text (book, movie, TV show, etc) that is being
reviewed. Even if this is not the case, the audience will have some background and/or
interest in the discipline and the subject. Consequently, the scholarly review is less a
summary and more a critical evaluation or commentary.
The type of review that you will engage in is often referred to as a critique, a critical
analysis, or a critical review. Whatever it’s called, the scholarly review tells an educated
audience of the significance of a text or film within the context of a discipline, field of
study, or particular subject or course.
Looking at reviews published in various magazines, newspapers, and scholarly journals
will give you a good idea of the differing audiences and forms of review. You can find
current book/movie reviews using the same library tools that you use to find any other
type of academic source. Using the advanced search option, choose “book review” as
your preferred document type to limit your search to only reviews.
What a Review is Not
• A review is not a research paper. Some students, instead of writing about a book or
a film when they are asked to write a review, write a research paper on the subject
of the book or film.
• A review is not a summary. While it is important to summarize the contents and
significance of whatever you review, you are not merely informing your audience
of the basic plot or events. Instead, you are writing towards a different audience
that will be interested in a critical evaluation, analysis, and/or commentary on the
material.
• A review is not an “off-the-cuff,” personal response. Writing a review will involve
communicating a personal view on the material, but flippant statements that don’t
express your understanding of what you have read do not further the conversation.
Comments like: “I thought the book was interesting” or “The book was boring”
are not sufficient. Instead, you should strive to explain why the book was
interesting (not only for yourself, but potentially for others). Did the text reveal
some new data/thoughts? In order to be effective, a reviewer must be fair and
accurate. You will need to work hard to express the underlying reasons for your
first reactions. ...
English 102 Rhetorical Analysis Writing Project 2 R.docx
English 102 Rhetorical Analysis Writing Project 2
Relevant course readings:
Laura Bolin Carroll: “Backpacks vs. Briefcases: Steps toward Rhetorical Analysis” Kerry Dirk:
“Navigating Genres”
Keith GrantDavie: “Rhetorical Situations and Their Constituents”
Due dates:
Response draft (at least 1300 words for full credit) due: (one copy uploaded to Moodle; two hard
copies brought to class for exchange):
Feedback letters/response groups meet: (letters uploaded and brought to class):
Polished draft (at least 1600 words for full credit): (in hard copy, delivered in class):
For the second major writing project of the semester, you’ll produce a comparative rhetorical
analysis by choosing between two different options—scientific or political discourse—and
finding and comparing two instances of rhetorical discourse. Whatever option you select, you’ll
need to address the same questions as you develop your understanding of rhetorical discourse
and the way different discourses address differences in rhetorical situation:
1. The question of exigence: What is the discourse about? What need or purpose does the
discourse address? What fundamental values are at stake? What is the discourse trying to
accomplish—and how successful is it?
2. The question of the rhetor: Who is—or are—the rhetor or rhetors? Who is responsible for the
discourse? Who created it? Does the rhetor successfully establish ethos? Why or why not? How
does the discourse itself invoke a particular rhetor? Who sponsored the discourse, and how?
3. The question of audience: For whom is the discourse intended? To whom would this
discourse appeal? Who is the actual audience, and who is the audience invoked or imagined by
the discourse itself? Does the discourse invite the audience to adopt a new role, a new identity?
4. The question of constraints: What constraints did the rhetor have to take into account—what
factors outside of the discourse and beyond the rhetor’s control might influence the audience’s
response to the discourse? Are they negative or positive constraints? How did the rhetor
accommodate those constraints? Was the rhetor successful?
5. The question of genre: What is the genre of the text, and what purpose does this genre
typically serve? How do audience expectations of the genre contribute to our understanding of
the exigence, the intended audience, and the rhetor? What constraints does the genre
introduce?
These constituents of rhetorical situations aren’t an outline for your project; you won’t march
through each of them in succession in the body of your project. Rather, they’re your initial
research questions that will help you to analyze thoroughly the rhetorical dimensions of the texts
you select.
The form and structure of your project will depend, finally, on a refined research question that
will develop out of your research and your understanding of how your chosen texts work.
Project Options:
...
Research Methodology Module-03
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature survey or review. It discusses defining literature and the objectives of a literature survey, which include gaining an understanding of the fundamentals and state-of-the-art in an area and discovering research topics based on existing research. The document outlines the main elements of a literature survey, including reviewing previous research, identifying gaps, and justifying how the present research will address gaps. It also provides tips on writing the literature survey, such as summarizing key findings and conclusions of sources. Finally, it discusses strategies for conducting an effective literature search, including refining topics and choosing appropriate databases.
Edu706 articlerevw
This document provides guidance on writing a journal article review. It explains that a journal article review critiques an academic article for a knowledgeable reader in the same field. It recommends skimming the article initially, then thoroughly reading and taking notes while considering how the article sets its objectives, presents concepts and arguments, uses evidence and methodology, and contributes to the literature. The review should introduce the article, briefly summarize its contents and argument, critically discuss 2-3 key issues, and finally evaluate the article's overall contribution to the topic. Checklists are provided to ensure identification of the article, objective summarization of its argument, discussion of key issues with evidence and reasoning, and a concluding evaluation.
Writing advice 1
This document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as essay structure, thesis statements, paragraph structure, and use of sources. It emphasizes that essays should have a clear argument supported by evidence. Good writing practices include starting early, outlining, and revising. When using sources, direct quotations should be limited and paraphrasing or summarizing is often better. The document also covers topics such as understanding essay topics, writing introductions and conclusions, comparing items in a comparative essay, and revising for clarity and organization.
Comparative Literature 1C: Heroism across Time and Cultures
Comparative Literature 1C: Heroism across Time and Cultures.
On essay writing.
University of Glasgow
Running head RESEARCH PROPOSALTitleNameLake.docx
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Title
Name
Lakeland College
address
city, state
telephone
email
Dr. Edward Jedlicka
Master of Arts in Counseling
Date
Research Paper Guidelines
Understanding the process that undergirds principles of research is a primary objective for this course. This project includes a thorough review of literature related the Counseling field. This project should include (1) a title page; (2) an abstract; (3) an introduction to the paper; (4) the review of literature; (5) a methods section; (6) a complete list of references used.
The paper that you will submit should be organized to carefully review research done on a particular topic of your choosing. In the review of literature, you will find it easier and more consistent to use the past tense when describing studies because they have already been completed. Therefore, you should write in the past tense for a scholarly audience, and should use clear and short sentences that generally avoid the use of personal pronouns (e.g., “I”). APA guidelines specify that your manuscript should be double spaced throughout, left justified (with regular “ragged right” margins), and margins should be set to 1 inch on all sides. Please check the Publication Manual of the APA.
Structure of the Paper
Title Page
Title. The title should summarize the main idea of the paper and include the main topic and actual theoretical issue investigated. Good titles are short (< 20 words) and would serve as a type of index of the main issues covered, including the nature of the tasks, participants, or other important variables. Type the title centered, in upper and lower cases, double-spaced.
Running head. Each page of your manuscript has a brief “title” (running head) printed in the upper right hand corner of the manuscript. It should be a maximum of 50 characters, and be followed by the specific page number for that page. A notation as to the specific Running head should be located in all caps, flush left at the top of the title page. For example, on your title page you would show (in the upper left hand corner):
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL - 1
RESEARCH PROPOSAL - 1
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL
On every subsequent page the running head would be right-justified with the page number. [Note: your running head would specify the content of your selected review] For example:
Research Proposal: - 2
Abstract
(This is your section header; centered on the page)
Page two is the Abstract for the paper. It is a brief (150-200 words) comprehensive summary of the research proposal. The Running head and the number 2 are typed in the upper right-hand corner of the page. The word “Abstract” is centered as the first line of type on this page. Type the abstract as a single paragraph in block format (i.e., without paragraph indentation). You may also want to list keywords from your paper in your abstract. To do this, center the text and type Keywords: (it ...
Review article
This document provides guidance on how to write a review article. It discusses the types of publications, benefits of publishing, and why review articles are popular. A review article provides an extensive critical analysis and synthesis of previous literature on a topic. The document outlines the components of a review article, including the title, abstract, introduction, body, conclusions and references. It also provides 18 steps for preparing a review article, from narrowing the topic to revising drafts. Sources for finding relevant literature are academic libraries and databases. The key aspects are to critically evaluate past literature, identify gaps, and provide a novel perspective to stimulate further research.
Responding to a text
This document provides guidance on analyzing texts. It discusses reading texts carefully and considering the context, purpose, and arguments made. The key aspects of textual analysis are summarizing the text, interpreting it based on evidence and reasoning, and relating it to larger issues. Analyses can be organized thematically or by examining each part separately. Close reading, annotating, outlining ideas, and revising are important for developing a clear and well-supported analysis.
Text types
This document provides information about various text types that could be used for a written task 1, including letters to the editor, blogs, opinion columns, speeches, magazine articles, and news reports. It outlines key defining features and structural elements of each text type, as well as advantages and disadvantages of using different types for a written assessment. The document aims to help students choose an appropriate text type and understand conventions for composing texts in that genre.
Tw2010week7 s1150036
This document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review. It defines a literature review as an account of what has been published on a topic by scholars and researchers. The review must be organized around a thesis or research question and synthesize results into a summary of what is known and unknown about the topic. When reviewing individual sources, the reader should critically analyze aspects like whether arguments are logically structured and what the strengths and limitations of each source are. A literature review should identify trends, present themes, and evaluate sources, rather than simply listing or summarizing them.
CSU Learning Skills your link to success httpwww.csu.edu.docx
CSU Learning Skills: your link to success
http://www.csu.edu.au/division/studserv/learning © 2008
Find Self-help Resources at: http://www.csu.edu.au/division/studserv/learning/student_resources
CSU Learning Skills: your link to success
Academic writing
Writing an annotated bibliography
Students are often required to prepare an annotated bibliography. Annotate means to ‘make a note’, and
biblio refers to ‘book’. In the 21
st
century students consult much more but still including books: e.g.
websites, journals (hardcopy and electronic), newspapers and so on. Simply stated, an annotated
bibliography is a list of sources or citations with a brief evaluative summary (annotation) about each source.
Its purpose is to describe and evaluate the source text in a way that allows the reader to decide whether or
not to read the work itself.
Terminology
Source whatever material you have used for your topic; for example,
journal articles, electronic sources, books or chapters of books
Citation gives the precise bibliographical information needed to locate
the material; it is the same as a list of references and is placed
in alphabetical order
Annotation follows each citation, and is a note that explains, describes
and/or evaluates the cited source. Annotations are normally no
more than 50 to 150 words
The purpose of an annotated bibliography
An annotated bibliography is not a simple summary of each source text. Annotations are descriptive and
critical, with the aim of informing the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources (books,
journal articles, etc) cited. In general the annotation is to inform. Specific purposes may be to:
review the literature on a particular subject
illustrate the quality of your research
provide examples of sources available
describe other items on a topic that may be of interest to the reader
explore the subject for further research.
How to write the annotation
1. Locate and record citations to books, periodicals, and documents that may contain useful
information and ideas on your topic.
2. Cite the book, article or document, using the appropriate referencing style. At CSU this is usually
the APA style. For example:
Jones, B. (2008). Colonial Paintings in NSW Art Galleries. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
3. State the authority or background of the author.
4. Comment on the intended audience and degree of reading difficulty.
5. Explain the main purpose of the text.
jseage
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CSU Learning Skills: your link to success
http://www.csu.edu.au/division/studserv/learning © 2008
Find Self-help Resources at: http://www.csu.edu.au/division/studserv/learning/student_resources
6. Identify the main points of the text.
7. Clarify the standpoint of the author in relation to his/her thesis or theme.
8. Explain how this text adds to a fuller understanding of your topic.
9. Add cri.
Review of literature
A literature review summarizes and synthesizes the arguments and findings of previous research on a topic. It situates the reviewer's own work within the context of existing literature and identifies areas requiring further research. The review should critically analyze and discuss differing viewpoints rather than simply describing previous works. It should have a clear structure, either chronological or thematic, and use linking words to indicate areas of agreement and disagreement among sources. A literature review establishes the basis and need for the reviewer's own research on the topic.
Parts of an Academic Paper.pptx
This powerpoint reviews parts of academic paper, such as the Title, Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Findings, Discussion, and Conclusion
Text Analysis – Current Educational Philosophy Issue Your Text a.docx
Text Analysis – Current Educational Philosophy Issue
Your Text analysis assignment is an analysis of a current philosophy of education issue. The selected text must have been constructed within the past year. The assignment requires that you make links between your chosen text, concepts, videos, and readings from the course. The purpose of the exercise is to help you to critically examine the way how text inscribe meanings that influence how we conduct education in this country. You may do this paper with a partner.
GUIDELINES
All papers must be typed and should be between 3 to 5 pages long.
Use the handout on Text Analysis while working to make sure all criteria are met. If you work with a partner, only one paper is required. The grade the paper achieves will be assigned to both students.
The format for the paper should be analytic, interpretive, and normative – do not mix up the order of the three perspectives. These perspectives must be clearly delineated in your paper in order to ensure full credit.
It is essential that you remember that this is an analysis and not a report. As such, your goal is to analyze the text not “re-describe” it. Remember! This is not a book report or a “text” description.
Restrict your analysis to a few themes of the text (preferably the main theme), focus on how the argument was constructed and how the text informs education in contemporary society. Utilize course concepts, videos, written texts, quotes, paraphrases, readings, discussion, etc. to help ground your ideas. Failure to do so will result in a weak, one-sided paper.
If you work with a partner, note where you disagree (on what and why). Not everyone shares the same position.
Refer to the "Worksheet on Reading Texts" handout below for explicit questions to guide you in the text analysis.
Worksheet For Reading Text
To really “read” a text, as opposed to just decoding it, requires the reader to construct meaning from the text. To help you in this process, you should attempt to answer at least the following questions for each text? ANALYTIC READING
1. What is the major argument (conclusions) presented in the text?
a. What is the author/speaker trying to convince you?
2. What is the evidence presented to support that claim (Premise)?
3. Is the argument implicit or explicit?
4. Is it an empirical (facts, statistics, etc.), analytical (concepts and definitions) or normative (making a moral claim) argument?
5. What type of reasoning does the author employ (inductive or deductive)?
6. How is the argument presented, i.e. what rhetorical devices are used to make the argument (narrative, metaphors, visual imagery, imagery, ideographs, euphemisms, rhetorical questions, labels, etc.)?
7. Are you able to detect any fallacies in the argument? INTERPRETIVE READING
1. When was the text made?
2. What was going on around that time that might have influenced the writing of this text or the way audiences interpreted it?
3. What might those who r ...
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Annotation.pptx
- 2. What is annotation? An annotation is a brief description of a book, article, or other publication, including audio- visual materials. The purpose of annotation is to characterize the publication in such a way that the reader can decide whether or not to read the complete work.
- 3. Why should You know how to write annotations? • Helps you write annotations for future publications • Helps you in conducting research • Helps you present complex information in a clear, concise manner • Helps you condense report information into a short format • Helps you read annotations more effectively
- 4. Types of annotation Annotations vary according to their intended use and their content. • Descriptive/Informative annotations describe the content of a book or article and indicate distinctive features. • Critical annotations, in addition to describing the contents, evaluate the usefulness of a book or article for particular situations.
- 5. Sample descriptive annotation London, Herbert. "Five Myths of the Television Age." Television Quarterly 10(1) Spring 1982:81-89. The author explains how television contradicts five ideas commonly believed by most people, using specific examples seen on television, such as the assassination of John Kennedy, to demonstrate his points. His examples contradict such truisms as "seeing is believing", "a picture is worth a thousand words", and "satisfaction is its own reward." London uses logical arguments to support his ideas, and doesn't refer to any previous works on the topic: the article is his personal opinion.
- 6. Qualities of an effective annotation • Uses one well-developed paragraph, which is unified, coherent, concise, and able to stand alone (between100 to 200 words) • Adds no new information - merely summarizes • Contains stand-alone qualities - the annotation can be understood without reading the paper • Is understandable to a wide audience
- 7. Other annotation samples Фролов И.Г. Глобальные проблемы, человек и судьбы человечества // Философия и политика в современном мире. - М.: Наука, 1989.-С. 44-60. Статья посвящена влиянию глобальных проблем на различные стороны жизни человека и на решение вопроса о будущем цивилизации. В статье рассматриваются пути и методы решения глобальных проблем мыслителями различных направлений.
- 8. Market orientation for the Russian companies: setting problems, research and perspectives Keywords: innovation, marketing, market orientation, strategic marketing The article explains the problem questions from the field of market orientation of Russian companies: the distinctions in the terminology, the limitation of the existing methodology and the practical use by the managers. The authors give results of research among 216 companies of Moscow region, develop methodology of how to study the market orientation within internal environment of the company and describe the perspective of the follow up research.
- 9. How do I write an annotation? • Read the text carefully and answer the question: ‘What is the text about?’ • Formulate the main topic and subtopics • Break the text into logical parts, give them titles • Start annotation with bibliography (the author, title, publisher,etc) • Start sentences with the typical phrases (cliché): ‘the article describes…’, ‘the paper shows…’, ‘the publication deals with…’ etc. • Use passive constructions
- 10. Clichés for annotation writing The article introduces/presents/gives/describes… The article reveals … The article contains… The article points out that … The publication deals with… The study/paper presents/discusses… The paper shows/presents/regards/examines… The author considers/outlines/concludes/ points out… The author concentrates on… The author views/reviews/ presents… The author analyses how…/ examines why…/
- 11. Clichés for annotation writing The author mentions/ stresses… The author believes… The author underlines that…/ outlines/ concludes… According to the author/ in the author’s opinion The author calls attention to the fact that…. The author analyses/ compares/determines/states The author summarizes the results of… Data shows/covers…