This document provides a timeline of key events in Germany and Europe from 1918 to 1945, including the rise of the Nazi party and Adolf Hitler's appointment as Chancellor, the establishment of concentration camps and the Night of Broken Glass, Germany's invasion of neighboring countries and declaration of war against the United States, the operation of death camps and mass killings of Jews, Anne Frank and her family going into hiding in 1942, and Germany's surrender in 1945.

1. Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl

4. Timeline: Events in Germany and Europe 1/4/11

5. 11 November 1918: End of World War I U.S. President: Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921 January 1923: The National Socialist German Workers’ Party, AKA the Nazi Party, holds its first rally in Munich U.S. President: Warren Harding 1921-1923 Autumn 1925: Adolf Hitler’s autobiography and anti-Semitic plan, Mein Kampf , is published U.S. President Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929 12 June 1929: Anne Frank is born 31 July 1932: The Nazi Party receives 37% of the vote and are asked to form a coalition government U.S. President: Herbert Hoover 1929-1933 30 January 1933: Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany 6/4/11

6. Spring 1933: The Gestapo, or Secret Police, is established. The main concentration camp for political prisoners, Dachau , is built. April 1933: The Nazis declare a boycott of Jewish businesses as well as medical and legal practices. A law excluding non-Aryans removes Jews from positions in government and teaching. 10 May 1933: In huge rallies throughout Germany, books by Jews, political enemies of the Nazi state, and other “undesirables” are burned. July 1933: Hitler bans ALL political parties except for the Nazis. U.S. President: Franklin Roosevelt 1933-1945 4/5/11

7. January 1934: Forced sterilization of the racially “inferior,” primarily Gypsies and African-Germans, and the “unfit,” the mentally and physically disabled, begins. Fall 1934: The Nuremberg Laws are passed. These laws redefine Jews as non-citizens and make mixed Aryan/Jewish marriages illegal. 7 March 1936: Germans march into the Rhineland , violating the Versailles Treaty Summer 1936: Olympic Games are held in Berlin, Germany. The United States participates. 12 March 1938: Germany annexes Austria 5/6/11

8. 9-10 November 1938: Kristallnacht (The Night of the Broken Glass). State-sponsored pogrom in Germany and Austria, looting and destroying synagogues and Jewish-owned businesses. 15 March 1939: Germany occupies Czechoslovakia 1 September 1939: Germany invades Poland; World War II begins. September 1939: Tiergarten 4. Hitler implements the T4 program, killing the institutionalized, physically disabled, and mentally ill. April and May 1940: Germany invades: Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg  29-30 September 1941: The Einsatzgruppen (special forces) execute more than 33,ooo Jews at Babi Yar , near Kiev in the Ukraine 6/7/11

9. 11 December 1941: Germany declares war on the United States March 1942: Sobibor, Belzec, and Auschwitz-Birkenau all become fully operational death camps, followed by Treblinka in July. 12 June 1942: Anne Frank turns thirteen years old. June 1943: SS leader Himmler orders the “liquidation” of all the ghettos in Poland and the Soviet Union to the death camps. 6 June 1944: D Day: Allied forces invade Western Europe. 4 August 1944: Anne Frank and the rest of the refugees are taken from their hiding place. 6 July 1942: Anne and her family go into hiding 7/8/11

10. 26 November 1944: Himmler orders troops to destroy the crematoria at Auschwitz in an attempt to hide Nazi war crimes. 7 May 1945: Germany surrenders and the war ends in Europe. November 1945: The Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals begin. 3/10/11

11. I don't think of all the misery but of the beauty that still remains. Anne Frank

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