THE CONCEPT OF ANIMAL SLAUGHTER IN BUDDHISM DISCUSSED BASED ON SCRIPTURE IN SINHALA LANGUAGE

1. udxY yd ks¾udxY wdydr
wdpd¾h ú,shï à. cd¾úia, úμdj yd fi!LH ms<sn| wefußldkq iNdfõ (American Council in
Science and Health) WmfoaYl jrfhls. fyf;u uyck fi!LH yd ksjdrl ffjμ úμdj ms<sn|j
f,dagd ,skavd úYaj úμd,fha uydpd¾h OQrho orkafkah. wdpd¾h cd¾úia ks¾udxY wkqNj
lrkakkAj Tjqkaf.a yeisÍï rgdj wkqj mqˆ,a fldgia follg fnohs.
1. m%dfhda.sl ks¾udxY wkqNj lrkakka
2. u;jd§ ks¾udxY wkqNj lrkakka
m%dfhda.sl ks¾udxY wkqNj lrkakkaf.a wdydr .ekSfï rgdj m%dfhda.sl fi!LH fya;+ka u; fndfyda
ÿrg r|d mj;S. Tyq Woafõ.ldrS fkdù h:d¾:jd§j fuu úIh ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lrhs.
u;jd§ ks¾udxY wkqNj lrkakkaf.a wdydr .ekSfï rgdj u;jdohka u; msysgd we;s w;r Tyq
h:d¾:fhka is;kjdg jvd Woafõ.ldrSj fuu úIh ms<sn|j lghq;= lrkafkah.
ñksiqka ;u wdydrh f;dard .ekSfï§ úúO fya;+ka ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lrjk w;r thska
m%Odk lreKq my;ska olajd we;.
1. wd.usl fya;=
2. N+f.da,Sh fya;=
3. mqoa.,sl leue;a;
4. udkj ohdj
5. mdrïmßlj mej; tk yd mqoa.,sl p¾hdjka
6. mdßißl yd wd¾Ól fya;=
7. fmdaIKh
wd.ñl fya;=
ms<s.;a u;h kñ ks¾udxY wkqNj lrkakkaf.ka nyq;rh wd.ñl fya;=u; th lrk
njhs. fuu úIh idlÉPd lsÍfï§ jvd;a úμdkql+,j yd h:d¾:jd§j lghq;= lrkakg wm wfmalaId
lrk w;r hful=f.a is;a ßoùula Rcqj fyda jl%j isÿù we;akï wdrïNfha§u iudj wheo
isàug leue;af;uq. úfYaIfhkau u;jd§ ks¾udxY wkqNj lrkakkaf.ka Woafõ.ldÍ m%;spdrhka wm
fldfy;au wfmalaId fkdlrkafkuq.
wd.ñl uQ, .%ka: mßYS,kh lr ne,Sfï§ wm ÿgq tla jeo.;a isoaOdka;hla kï ish¿
wd.ï udxY wdydr wkqNjh wkqu; lr we;s njhs.
yskaÿ wd.u
yskaÿ Nla;slhska w;f¾ we;s fmdÿ u;hla yd úYajdihla kï Tjqkaf.a oyfï b.ekaùï
wkqj udxY wdydr wkqNjh wkqu; fldg fkdue;s njhs. kuq;a Tjqkaf.a wd.ñl uQ, .%ka: b;d
meyeÈ,sj th wkqu; fldg we;s nj meyeÈ,s jkafkah. yskaÿ oyfï kS;s yd p¾hd ms<sn|
W.kajk .%ka:h jQ ‘ukqiauDks’ .%ka:fha 5jk mßÉfÊofha 30, 31, 39, 40 yd 42 jdlHhka b;d
meyeÈ,sj yd Rcqj udxY wdydr wkqNjh wkqu; fldg we;. yskaÿ oyfï b;du merKs .%ka:hla
f,i ie,flk fúodkakfhao udxY wdydr wkqNjhg wkque;sh b;d meyeÈ,sj § we;.
ß.afõo - .%ka: wxl 10 .S;sld wxl 16 jdlH 10
.S;sld wxl 27 jdlH 2
.S;sld wxl 28 jdlH 2
.S;sld wxl 86 jdlH 13
w;¾jd fõo - .%k: wxl 9 .S;sld wxl 5 – jdlH 37 38 39
a
iajdñ úfõldkkaof.a b.ekaùï wvx.= (The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda) hk
.%ka:fha ;=kajk fj¿fï 174 jk msgqfõ ’tla lf,l bkaÈhdfõ n%dyauKhka .juia wkqNj
fkdlf,a kï Tyqj n%dyauKfhla f,i fkdie,l+ hq.hla ;snQ nj¶ yd tu .%ka:fhau 536 jk
msgqfõ ’merKs yskaÿ wd.ñl isß;a úß;a wkqj hfulaj fyd| yskaÿ Nla;slfhla f,i i,lkq
,enqfõ Tyq .j uia wkqNj lrkafka kï muKs¶ hkqfjka i|yka fldg we;.

2. ;j;a lreKq b;d úYd, m%udKhla we;;a udxY wkqNjh yskaÿ oyfï wkqu; ldhH_hla
f,i ms,s.ekSug by; lreKq m%udKj;a fjhs lshd woyia lrkafkuq.
nqÿ oyu
mxp YS,fha m,uqjk is,a moh ’uu mr mK keiSfuka je<lSfï is,amoh rlsñ¶ hkakh.
fuh /lSu iEu fn!oaOhl=f.au wksjd¾h j.lSula jkafkah. isx.mamQrefõ yd u,hdishdfõ ix>
kdhl wdpd¾h lsßkafoa Oïudkkao kdysñ úiska rÑ; ’fn!oaO úYajdi úu¾Ykh¶ kue;s .%ka:fha
271 msgqfõ my; i|yka lreKq fï iïnkaOj olajd we;.
nqÿ oyug wkqj mia jeoEreï ;;ajhka m%dK >d;kh i|yd ;sìh hq;=h. tajd fufiah,
1. cSúfhl= ùu
2. cSjhla we;s nj jgyd .ekau fyda ±k isàu
3. ueÍfï fÉ;kdj
4. ueÍfï m%h;akh yd
5. isÿ lrkq ,nk ueÍuhs.
nqÿ oyfï b.ekaùï wkqj m%dK >d;kh ms<sn|j b;d jeo.;a lreKq lsysmhla ã' ta. tka.
fiakdr;ak uy;d úiska rÑ; ’nqÿka fkdjod< O¾u¶ hk .%ka:fhka Wmqgd olajkakg leue;af;uq.
fuh m%dK >d;kh ms<sn|j miqj bosßm;a lrk lreKq jgyd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ hehs
is;kafkuq.
’hfula m%dK >d;k wl=i, lsÍfï§ >d;kh lrk ,o Ôúhd úYd, isrerla we;af;lao,
l=vd isrerla we;af;lao, f.dv jikafklao, Èfhys jikafklao tfia;a ke;fyd;a mdoj,ska .uka
lrkafklao, nv.d hkafklao jeks fNaoj,g wkqj m%dK >d;k wl=i,a l¾ufhys wvq jeä ùula
we;ehs fkdis;ñ. i;aj udxY wkqNj lsÍu, i;aj >d;khg fya;=jk neúka, th m%dK >d;khg
wkshñ u.ska wkqn, §ula njo, ta ksidu i;aj udxY wkqNj lrkakdg m%dK >d;k wl=i,fha
fldgialdrfhl= jkakg isÿjk njo fn!oaOfhda úYajdi lr;s. tu úYajdih ;¾ldkql+,h.
i;aj udxY wkqNj lsrSu, i;aj >d;khg fl<skau wkqn,§ula jk fyhska, th m%dK >d;
wl=i, l¾ufha fldgialrejl= ùugo fya;=jk njg we;s úYajdih ;¾ldkql+, jqjo thgu
iïnkaO ck;dj ;=< mj;akd jerÈ úYajdihlao fõ. tksid ud¿, lrj,, cdä jeks c,c i;=kaf.a
udxY wkqNj lsÍu .j, t¿, W!re jeks f.dvìu jik isõmd i;=kaf.a udxY wkqNj lsÍu ;rï
nrm;, mdm l¾uhka fkdjk njg we;s úYajdihhs.
iuyr W.% fn!oaO Wmdil Wmdisldfjda fndfyda wjia:dj,§ ’wms kï wfma f.j,aj,g
ljodj;a uila f.akafkj;a keye. Th b|,d ysg,d tfyu;a fj,djl uQÿ ud¿ álla, lfrda, álla
.;af;d;a ñila, lshkq wm fldf;l=;a wid we;. fujeks m%ldYj,g fya;= ù we;af;a ’.j >d;k
úfrdaë jHdmdr¶, ’.j fmryerj,a¶, ’urKhg lem jQ .jhska uqod yeÍu¶ hkd§ka Tiafia m%dK
>d;k isÿjkafka .jhd m%uqL isjqmd i;=ka >d;kh lsÍfukah hk u;h Tjqka ;=<g ldje§ ;sîu
úh hq;=h. yskaÿ Nla;slhska Y=oaO jQ i;ajfhl= f,i i,lkakd jQo, isxy, .eñhdg f.dú;ekg,
lr;a;hg yd lsrg fnfyúka msysg jkakd jQo .jhd wfkl=;a isõmd i;=kg jvd úfYaI ia:dkhl
,d ie,lSu idOdrK jQj;a, isõmdjqka yd u;aiHhska w;r Ôjk w.fha fjkila we;ehs ie,lSug
fya;= fkdfmfka.
c,c i;df.a m%dKh >d;kh lsrSu, f.dvìu jik i;df.a m%dKh >d;kh lsÍu ;rï
nrm;, l¾uhka fkdjk f,i ie,lSug we;s fya;=j l=ulao@
ixLHd;aulj ie,lSfï§ u;aiHhl=f.a urKh fkdj isõmdfjl=f.a urKh kï wvq ,xiqfjka
ie,lSfï idOdrK;ajhla we;. .jfhla, t¿fjla, W!frla, f.dafkla, uqfjla jeks i;ajfhl=f.a
YÍrfha uia lsf,da 100la we;ehs is;uq. túg uia .%Eï mkaishhla ñ,§ f.k hkakd f.k hkafka
i;df.ka 1$200 ka fldgila muKs. Tyqf.a j.lSu ta i;df.a m%dKfhka 1$200 fldgilg muKs.
Tyq f.or f.k hk uia .%Eï mkaishh ilia fldg f.or oi fofkla th wdydrhg .kafka
hehs is;uq. túg ta tlaflfkl=f.a j.lSu wr i;df.a m%dKfhka 1/200 x 1/10 lg muKs, fyj;a
1$2000 fldgilg muKs. ta wkqj iïmQ¾K m%dKhl j.lSu mejfrkafka tjka wfhl= wdydr fõ,a
2000la i|yd uia wdydrhg .;a miqjh.

3. ud¿ l+ßfhl=f.a nr lsf,da myla hehs is;uq. túg tu ud¿jdf.ka .%Eï mkaishhla f.k
hkakd f.k hkafka i;df.ka 1$10 fldgila muKs. Tyq f.or f.k hk ud¿ .%Eï mkaishh ilia
fldg f.or oi fofkla th wdydrhg .kafka hehs is;uq. túg ta tla tlaflkdf.ka j.lSu wr
i;df.a m%dKfhka 1$100 fldgila i|yd muKs. iïmQ¾K m%dKhl j.lSu mejfrkafka tjka wfhl=
ud¿ iys;j wdydr fõ,a ishhla .;a miqjh. wdydrh i|yd úh<s fyda wuq yd,aueiaika .%Eï 500la
f.or f.k f.dia th ms<sfh< fldg mjqf,a ieufokd tlaj th wdydrhg .kafka hehs is;uq. tla
wfhl=f.a fldgi jYfhka yd,a ueiaika 10 fofkl= ,enqfka kï Tyqg tu wdydr fõ, ksid m%dK
10l j.lSu mejf¾. ;j;a wfhla wdydrh i|yd l+ksiaika .%Eï 500la f.k f.dia thska l+ksiaika
iïfnda,hla ilia fldg mjqf,a ish¿ fokd tl;=j th wdydrhg .kafka hehs is;uq. tla wfhl=f.a
wdydr fldgi i|yd l+ksiaika 100la ,enqfõ kï Tyqg tu wdydr fõ, ksid m%dK ishhl j.lSu
mejf¾.
by; b,lalïj,g wkqj tla tla j¾.h wdydrhg .kakd ;eke;a;d tla wdydr fõ,la
ksid jkik m%dK ixLHdj my; ±lafõ.
wdydr j¾.h wdydr fõ,la i|yd
jkik m%dK ixLHdj
1. l+ksiaika 100
2. yd,a ueiaika 10
3. uqyqÿ ud¿ 1$100
4. uia 1$2000
by; ixLHdj,g wkqj, m%dK >d;kh wxYfhka i,ld n,k úg wdydrhg uia j¾.hla
wkqNj lsÍug jvd l+ksiaika wkqNj lsÍu fo,laI ^2, 00, 000& jdrhl mdmhla, yd,a ueiaika
wkqNj lsÍu úisoyia ^20, 000& jdrhl mdmhla, uqyqÿ ud¿ wkqNj lsÍu úisjdrhl ^20& jdrhl
mdmhla.
tfy;a mkais,a rlsk, m%dK >d;hg ìhla olajk ta ksidu lsisu j¾.hl ovhula f.h
;=<g j;a fkd.kakd wfma Y%oaOdiïmkak Wmdil Wmdisldfjda j.la ke;sj yd,aueiafid, biafida,
l+ksiafida Wh;s msy;s j<|;s.” ^msgq 77-82&
fuu .%ka:h b;d w.kd fn!oaO .%ka:hla f,i foysj, wekav¾ika mdf¾ fn!oaO
ixialD;sl uOHia:dkfha wOHlaIl ;ekam;a mQcH lsru úu,fcda;s ia:úrhka jykafia, uydpd¾h
ldf,da f*dkafiald ue;s;=ud uykqjr ;reK fn!oaO ix.ufha .re NdKavd.dßl himd, jkisxy
ue;s;=ud we;=¿ ;j;a W.;=ka lsysm fofkla tu .%ka:fhau woyia olajd we;.
by; olajd we;s lreKq mokï lrf.k my;ska we;s idOl flfrys úuis,s weiska
n,kakg W;aidy oruq. uykqjr ’fn!oaO m%ldYk ix.uh¶ u.ska m%ldYs; yd khkd;sf,dal uyd
f;reka ^1878-1957& úiska rÑ; Path to Deliverance kue;s .%ka:fha 63 msgqfõ my; i|yka
lreKq olajd we;. bx.%Sis msgmf;a we;s wdldrhgu igyka fldg bkamiqj meyeÈ,s lsÍula
lrkakg woyia lrkafkuq.
Under three conditions, I say is meat eating to be rejected: If one has seen or heard or
suspected (that the animal concerned has been killed especially for one self) – Majjima Nikaya –
Sutta No. 55
One who partakes of meat, falling under these conditions would thereby, as it were, approve
the killing of animals and support the slaughterer in his cruel work. The fact on the other hand that
even the Buddha himself has sometimes eaten meat, is proved by many passages in the Canon (e.g.
A.V. 44; viii 12 etc.) It is further reported in the Vinaya that the Buddha has categorically rejected
Devadatta’s proposal to forbid meat eating to the monks. And that normally monks were allowed to
eat meat may be already inferred from the Vinaya – Rule which forbids ten kinds of meat, but for
merely external reasons – such as that of a tiger, a snake, an elephant etc. – Buddhist Dictionary – By
Nayanatiloka Mahathera.

4. úkh msglfha 14 jk ix>dÈfIaIfha;a we;=,;a fldg we;s yd by; i|yka uÊðu ksldfha
olajd we;s nqÿka jykafiaf.a foaYkdj wkqj udxY wkqNjh ;ykï jkafka my; i|yka lreKq
;=k iïmQ¾K jqjfyd;a muK's ;uka fjkqfjka:-
1. i;ajhd >d;kh lsÍu oelSu'
2. i;ajhd >d;kh lsÍu wikakg ,eî
3. i;ajhd >d;kh l, nj iel we;sùu.
fjk;a wdldrfhka lsjfyd;a by; i|yka lreKqj,g ndysrj uia wkqNjfhka wl=i,la isÿ
fkdjk njhs. ;uka ´kEu uia fyda ud¿ fj<| ie,lska ñ,hg f.k wkqNj lsÍu by;
b.ekaùug mgyeks fkdjkakla jk w;r th wl=i, l¾uhla fkdjk nj;ah meyeÈ,s jkafka.
uÊðu ksldfha lreKqj,g my;ska khkd;sf,dal uyd f;reka úiska ilia lrk ,o ’fn!oaO úYaj
fldaIh¶ hk .%ka:fhka f.k yer olajd we;s lreKqj,ska meyeÈ,s jk idol my;ska olajd
we;af;uq.
1. ;%smsglfha i|yka lreKq wkqj nqÿka jykafia úiska udxY wkqNj fldg we;s nj,
2. ix>hd jykafia,dg udxY wkqNjh ;ykï lrk f,i foõo;a f;reka úiska f.kd
fhdackdj nqÿka jykafia úiska ;rfhau m%;slafIam l, nj úkh msglfha i|yka nj
yd
3. idudkHfhka ix>hd jykafia,dg úkh kS;shla yeáhg i;=ka oi j¾.hl udxY
wkqNjh muKla ;ykï lsÍfuka ^Wod ( fldákaf.a udxY, i¾mhskaf.a udxY, w,skaf.a
udxY jeks& wksl=;a i;ajhskaf.a udxY wkqNjh wkqu; nj ;¾ldkql+,j ks.ukh
lsÍug isÿjk nj,
mxp iS,fha m,uqjk iS,h leãfuka l¾u úmdl yeáhg jeä wdhqI ke;sùu, fndfyda f,v
ÿla we;s ùu, yd ìhm;aj úiSug isÿùu hk lreKq fuf,da jYfhkq;a urKska u;= we;s Nhdkl
ksrfha bm§ug isÿjk nj;a W.kajk nqÿ oyu jHjNdrfha§S udxY wkqNjh ms<sn|j b;d ,sys,aj
yd udxY wkqNjhg Èߧfï l%shd yd woyia bÈßm;a lr ;sîfuka nqoaO foaYkfha yd nqoaO j;a
ms,sfj;a /lSu w;r iu:hlg m;a l< fkdyels ksYaÑ; mriamrhla we;s nj uOHia:j is;k
´kEu wfhl=g meyeÈ,s jkq we;ehs is;kafkuq. ieneúkau jHjydrfha udxY wkqNjhg ;ykula
nqÿ oyfï fkdue;s nj by; lreKqj,ska meyeÈ,s jkafkah. oS> ksldfha uyd mß;síndk iQ;%fha
^fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkfhka mßj¾;kh lrk ,o - msgq 165& nqÿka jykafiag pkao úiska
ms<sfh< lrk ,o odkfha úia;r my; i|yka whqßka olajd we;.
’pqkao, Tn ms<sfh< l< iqlr uoaojfhka j<|jkak. ms<sfh< l< wks;a lEïîïj,ska NslaIq
ix>hd j<|jkak.¶ ’tfyuhs iajdóks¶ lshd ms<s;=re ÿka pqkao l¾udK mq;% ta wkaoñka je<|úh.
Nd.Hjoka jykafia ( ’pqkao Tfí b;srs iqlr uoaoj j<,kak.¶
pqkao foúhka iys; ureka iys; nUq;a iys; f,dalfhys foú ñksiqka iys; i;aj m%cdfjys
;:d.;hka jykafia yer th wkqNj fldg Èrúh yels fj; lsisfjl=;a fkdolsñ.”
th ms<s.;a pqkao b;sß iqlr uoaoj j, oud Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fj; wjq;a je| mfil
jdä úh. Nd.Hjoka jykafia O¾u l:dfjka pqkao myojd ke.S jeäfial. pqkaof.a odkh je<ª
Nd.Hjoka jykafiag oreKq f,days; mlaLkaÈld frda.h we;súh. wdpd¾h tÉ. tia. tia. ksYaYxl
úiska rÑ; ’f.!;u nqoaO¶ kue;s .%ka:fha fmrjofkys nqÿka jykafiag we;s jQ frda.h ms<sn|j
i|yka lr we;af;a ’l=iskddrdjg ie;mqï yhla muK ÿrska msysá mdjd kï .fï pqkao kï jQ
ld¾ñlhdf.a ksfjiska wka;su odkh je<ª nqÿyq rla; w;Sidrhg f.dÿre jQy.” hkqfjks.
nqÿka jykafiaf.a odkhg we;=,;a lr ;snQ ’iQlr uoaoj¶ ms<sn|j úúO wxYj,ska mriamr
woyia u;= ù ;sfí. th úi ìïu,a j¾.hla f,i;a Wk .fia o¿ j¾.hla f,i;a w¾: ±laùula
lr we;. kuq;a b;d m%fõYfuka uyd mß;síndk iQ;%fha i|yka lreKq úuid ne¨jfyd;a i;Hh
wjfndaO lr .ekSu wmyiq fkdjk njhs wmf.a woyi. nqÿka jykafiaf.a fY%aIaG .=Khla jQ ;uka
jykafiag mQcd l< lsisjla m%;slafIam fkdlr isàu u; msysgd Wkajykafia iqlr uoaoj wkqNj
l<;a th ksYaÑ; jYfhkau Èrùug wmyiq hula nj Wkajykafia l,a we;sju ±k isá nj b;d
meyeos,sh. iQlr uoaoj hk md,s jpkfha mo.k isxy, w¾:h W!re uia hkako b;d meyeÈ,sh.
W!re uia Èrùug wmyiq wdydrhla jk w;r thska rla; w;Sidrh we;sùug we;s bvlv b;d
fndfyda nj wm ieu b;d fyd¢ka okakd lreKls. ;u ksjig w;s fY%aIaG W;=ful=g wdrdOkd fldg
fyd¢ka okakd úI j¾.hla hfula wdydr jÜfgdarejg we;=,;a lrhs hkak is;Su fudavluls. fuh

5. WQQ!re uia nj A manual of Buddhism (Munshiran Manohar Lal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. – INDIA) hk
.%ka:fha 343 msgqfõ igyka fldg we; .
by; i|yka lreKq ish,a, kej; iudf,dapkh lr ne¨jfyd;a wmg my; we;s
ks.ukhkag t<öug isÿjkafkah.
1. mxp YS,fha m<uqjk YslaIdj" ’uu mrdK >d;kfhka je,lSfï is,amoh rlsñ¶
hkakhs.
2. ;%smsglfha yd fn!oaO úoaj;=kaf.a u;h kï udxY wkqNjh Rcqju mrdK >d;khg
fya;=jk w;r th tu wl=i, l¾ufhau fldgila njhs.
3. kuq;a udxY wkqNjhg iïnkaO ;%smsglfha fldkafoais wkqj lsisu wl=i,a l¾uhla
we;s fkdù udxY wkqNjhg myiq bvlv we;s nj.
4. .jhska jeks úYd, i;=kaf.a udxY wkqNjfhka we;s úh yels wl=i, l¾uhg jvd
w;s úYd, wl=i, l¾uhka l+ksiaika, yd,aueiaika jeks wfkl=;a l=vd i;=ka wkqNj
lsÍfuka we;s úh yels nj fn!oaO úoaj;=kaf.a u;hhs.
5. NslaIqkag udxY wkqNjh ;ykï lrk f,i f.kd fhdackdj nqÿka jykafia úiska
m%;slafIam lsÍfuka, wka lsisu fn!oaOfhl=g udxY wkqNjh ;ykï lsÍfï whs;shla
fkdue;s nj yd nqÿka jykafia fkdl< foa lrkakg hEfuka ;uka nqÿka jykafiag
jvd fyd| fn!oaOfhla nj fmkajd .ekSug nqoaêu;aj is;k lsisfjla W;aidy
fkdorkq we;ehs wms úYajdi lrkafkuq.
6. NslaIqkag iSï; i;aj j¾. oyhlf.a muKla udxY wkqNjh ;ykï lsÍfuka b;d
meyeÈ,sj wka i;ajhskaf.a udxY wkqNjh ms<sn|j lsisu ndOdjla fyda ;ykula
fkdue;s nj b;d fyd¢ka meyeÈ,s lsÍu.
7. nqÿka jykafia úiskau udxY wkqNj fldg we;s nj ;%smsglfha i|yka jk fyhska,
wka fn!oaOhska udxY wkqNj lsÍu ms<sn|j ;¾lhka fkdue;s nj.
lreKdlr by; i|yka lreKq lshùfuka Woyig yd Woafõ.hg m;a fkdù h:d¾:fhka
yd nqoaêu;aj l,amkd fldg ks.ukhlg t<fUk f,i ieuf.ka ldreKslj b,a,d isákafkuq.
udxY wkqNjh ms<sn|j wmg fmdÿfõ wikakg ,efnkafka .juia wkqNjhg we;s
úreoaO;djhhs. fï ms<sn|jo wmf.a woyia ixlaIsma;j bÈßm;a lrkakg
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafkuq. ’.j >d;k úfrdaO;d jHdmdr¶, ’.j fmryerj,a¶, ’urKhg
lem jQ .jhska uqod yeÍu¶ jeks jHdmdrhkag iïnkaO whg my; i|yka lreKq
flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrk f,i b;d ldreKslj b,a,d isákafkuq.
1. l=Uqre f.dú;eka lsÍfï§, ;o wõfõ k.=,g ne| flúfgka wudkqIslj ;,ñka
jiaikag lrkakdjQ i;aj ysxidj flfrys Tn;=uka,d ksyËj bkafka wehs@
2. lr;a;hg .eg .id Èk .kka úYd, nrla wÈñka yd ta w;r;=r fljsfgka
,efnk fõokdldÍ myrj,a ú¢ñka lghq;= lrk lr;a; f.dkdf.a ysxidldÍ Ôú;h
.ek l:d lrkakka ljqrekao@ lr;a; f.dkdg ,dvï .eiSfï ysxidldÍ l%shdj Tn
±l we;ehs is;kafkuq.
3. jeiaisg megõ ,enqkdhska miafia muKhs lsß tfrkafka. kuq;a fuu lsß w,q; ìys jQ
jiqmeáhdf.a wdydrh fjkqfjka muKla nj wm b;d fyd¢ka okafkuq. kuq;a wm
jeiaisg ’lsß wïud¶ hk f.!rjkSh kduhla m%odkh fldg, jiq meáhdg wh;a lsß
ál ’uu kqÿka foh .ekSfuka je,lSfï is,amoh rlsñ.¶ hk fojk YslaIdj jxpksl
f,i ì| oud lghq;= lsÍu .ek we;s ksyË;djh .ek mqÿuhg m;ajkafkuq.
4. .jhska y÷kd.ekSu i|yd we;s mdrïmßlj mej; tk yxjvq .eiSfï l%shdj Tn
±l we;s ±hs ±k.kakg leue;af;uq. if;la urKhg m;alrkjdg jvd w;s
Nhdkl fõokdjla we;s lrjñka lrkakd jQ fuu lDDr l%shdj .ek we;s
ksyË;djh lka ìysß lrjk ;rug Nhdklh. WodyrKhla jYfhka lkafo
.urd,,df.a uqÈhkafiag wh;a .jhdf.a yxjvq .eiSu isÿlrkafka .jhdf.a ll=,a
y;r b;d ;Èka ne| ìu oud whs;slref.a kfï uq,l=re jQ l. .. uq. .fï
lïuf,a§ .skshï lrk ,o hlvhlska .jhdf.a msg fldkao m%foaYfha we£fukqhs.
lreKdlr fï .ek Tn jrlaj;a is;d n,d .jhdg we;s úh yels fõokdj .ek
yeÕSula we;s lr .;af;a ke;so@
5. .; yels ish¿ m%fhdack ,ndf.k jhia.; Ndjhg m;ajk úg ’lsß wïud¶
yÈisfhau ’mska f.dkd¶ njg m;afldg wdydr ,nd§u yd wksl=;a j.lSïj,ska ;ukaj
b;d jxpksl f,i bj;a lr .ksñka m%foaYfha ieugu lrorhla yd m%Yakhla jk

6. wkaoñka fuu .jhd ,syd weÍu idudkH fohla njg m;a ù ;sîu .ek Tn
jrlaj;a is;d ne¨fõ ke;so@
wm ieu wjxlj is;d wjxlj lghq;= lrkafka kï wmf.a fndfyda mdrïmrsl l%shdldrlï
yd mokï rys; úYajdihka fya;= jdohg fld;rï mgyekso hkak wjfndaO lr .ekaug wmyiq
fkdjkq we;'
udxY wkqNjhg n,mdk wfkl=;a idOl .ek;a wmf.a wjOdkh fhduq lruq. weußldkq
tlai;a ckmofha lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=fjka 2001 j¾Ihg m,l, ixLHd f,aLK wkqj tal
mqoa., udxY wkqNjh rd;a;,a 187.8ls. tkï ck.Nkh us,shk 287lska hq;a weußldfõ jd¾Isl
udxY mßfNdackh rd;a;,a ì,shk 53.9 ls. fuhg u;aiH mßfNdackh wvx.= jkafka ke;. hqfrdamSh
rgj, tal mqoa., mdßfNdackh fuhg iudk fyda jeä ñila wvqjkakg bvla fkdue;. mrdK
>d;kh kqiqÿiqhs hk ixl,amh ms<s.;fyd;a we;s úh yels Nhdkl M,úmdl fuu mßfNdack
ixLHd f,aLkj,ska b;d fyd¢ka fy,sorõ jkafkah. tla isoaOdka;hla ksjerÈ ùug kï tys
jHjydrh f,dj ieu;ekgu h:d¾:jd§ yd m%dfhda.sl tllaj ;sìh hq;=hs hkak .ek ;¾lhla
;sìh fkdyel.
N+f.da,Sh idOlo udxY wkqNjhg fndfyda ÿrg fya;= ù we;. W;a;r yd olaIsK O%ej
wdY%s;j we;s rgj,aj, §¾> ld,hla mj;akd YS; R;=j ksid tys lDIs f.dú;ekg we;s myiqlï
b;du;au w,amh. tu m%foaYfhkau whsia u;u Ôj;ajk tialsfudajre wdydrhg .kafka u;aiH yd
udxY j¾. muKs. wm flfia kï Tjqkg ks¾udxY wkqNj lrk f,i b,a,d isáuqo@ ks¾udxY
m%;sm;a;sh fuu m%foaYhkag j,x.= ke;s nj nqoaêu;a ´kEu flfkl=g wjfndaO fjhs lshd
is;kafkuq. ldka;dr yd ldka;dr wdY%s;j Ôj;ajk whf.a ;;ajho fï yd iudkh.
ñksiqkag we;af;a i¾j NlaIl o;a fm,la. tkï udxY wkqNjhg Wmldr jk ovhï o;a
fukau lDIs wdydr wkqNjhg iqÿiq me;,s o;ao ñksidg ;sfí. cSrK moaO;sho ñksidf.a ilia ù
we;af;a udxY fukau lDIs wdydr ÔrKh ùug yelsjk whqßka.
fuu hq.fha mrdK >d;fhka f;drj lDIs f.dú;eko lsÍug fkdyels ;;ajhla Woa.; ù
we;. b;d iq¿ mßudKfha f.dú fmd,la m,sfndaO kdYl fkdfhdod lsÍug bvlv iuyr úg ;sìh
yel. kuq;a uyd mßudKfha f.dú;eka lsÍfï§ wksjd¾hfhkau m,sfndaO kdYl fhdod .ekSug isÿ
jkafkah. fuu ,smsfha wdrïNfha i|yka l< mßÈ mrdK >d;k wl=i, l¾uhla njg m;aùug
wjYH lreKq myu m,sfndaO kdYl mdúÉÑfhka isÿjk nj meyeÈ,s jkq we;ehs is;kafkuq. tfia
kï mrdK >d;fhka f;drj f.dú;ekla j;a lr.ekaug fkdyels ;;ajhla Wodjkafka kï fuu
isoaOdka;fha j,x.=Ndjh .ek wmg kej; is;d n,kakg wksjd¾fhkau isÿfjkjd.
kshqfudakshd, laIh frda.h jeks wdidOkhka we;s jQ úg wmg m%;sÔjl (Antibiotic) fnfy;a
.ekSug wksjd¾hfhkau isÿfjkjd. fuu m%;sÔjl fnfy;a u.ska isÿjkafka YÍr .;ù we;s fldaá
.Kka frdaa.ldrl úU îc kid oud wmg hym;a fi!LH ;;ajhla ,nd §uhs. mrdK >d;kh iEu
;ekaysu jerÈhs jk ks.ukfha wm msysgd isákafka kï fldaá .Kka Ôj kid oud wmf.a tla
Ôú;hla /l .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu jerÈhs hk ;;ajhg wm m;ajkakg isÿfjkjd fkao@ Tn fï
woyi yd tlÕ jkafka ±hs ±k.kakg leue;af;uq.
fvx.=, uef,aßhd yd nrjd jeks jix.; frda. md,kh lrkakg kï frda. ldrl uÿrejka
we;=¿j wfkl=;a úIîc wksjd¾fhkau urd ±ñh hq;= jkafkah. mrdK >d;kh lsÍfuka nrm;,
M,úmdl we;s úh yelshs hk u;fha wm t,an isáfha kï ukqIH j¾.hd fujeks jix.;
frda.j,ska uq¿ fmdf,da ;,fhkau w;= .Eù f.dia fndfyda l,a úh yels fkao@ lreKdlr is;d
n,kak.
ñksidf.a hym; msKsi úúO m¾fhaIKj, fhfoñka ffjμ úμdj Wodr bÈß .ukl fh§
isáhs. fuu ffjμ m¾fhaIKh i|yd i;=ka rdYshlf.a cSú; mß;Hd. isÿ ù we;. mrdK >d;kh
jerÈhs hk u;fha wm t,an f.k isáfha kï ffjμ úμdj wo;a m%d.a ft;sydisl ;;ajfhka
bÈßhg .uka l< fkdyels ;;ajfha wksjd¾hfhkau /£ isákq we;. kQ;k úμdj yd h:d¾:h
iu. fuu b.ekaùï flfia mriamr;djhl mj;So hkak Tng meyeÈ,s ù we;ehs is;uq.
;j;a fndfyda idOl úúO lafIa;%hkaf.ka w;s úYd, m%udKhla bÈßm;a lsÍug we;;a
by; lreKq m%udKj;a fjhs lshd is;kafkuq. ks¾udxY wkqNjh leu;s wh tfia lghq;= lsÍu .ek
wmf.a úreoaO;djhla wukdmhla fkdue;. kuq;a ;ukaf.a wd.ñl yd mqoa.,sl woyia wka wh

7. fj; nf,ka megùug hEu .ekhs wmf.a úfrdaOh. isoaOdka;hla f,i ks¾udxY wkqNjh muKla
ksjerÈ hkak m%dfhda.sl ke;s, úμdjg wkql+, ke;s, h:d¾:jd§ ke;s yd fuu hq.hg j,x.= ke;s
ixl,amhla nj fmkaùuhs wmf.a W;aidyh. Tnf.a úpdrYS,S nqoaêhg weu;Sula lrkakghs fuu
m%h;akfha mrud¾:h nj okajkakg leue;af;uq.
fya;=jdoS ix.uh
.d,qmdr
fld<U