2. INDICATIONS OF SPINE
SURGERY
โข NEUROLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION DUE TO
COMPRESSION
โข PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS DUE TO TUMORS OR
INFECTION
โข DEFORMITY
โข PAIN
โข STRUCTURAL INSTABILITY
โข FRACTURES
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3. TYPES OF SPINE SURGERY
โข SPINAL DECOMPRESSION
PROCEDURES INCLUDING
LAMINECTOMY, DISCECTOMY,
FORAMINOTOMY,
FACECTOMY,
VERTEBROPLASTY ETC
โข SPINAL FUSION PROCEDURES
โข SPINAL FIXATION AND
INSTRUMENTATION
โข DEFORMITY CORRECTION
SURGERIES FOR KYPHOSIS
AND SCOLIOSIS
โข SURGERY FOR CORD
TUMORS
โข OPEN
โข MINIMALLY INVASIVE
โข LAPAROSCOPIC
โข ROBOTIC
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6. IMPROPER POSITIONING :
Issue: ETT kinking or
dislodgement.
Solution: Use of Armored
tube, Throat pack and
antisialagogue to prevent
secretions, proper
positioning
Issue: POVL due to
Ischemic optic
neuropathy or central
retinal vessel occlusion,
Corneal abrasions, tear
Solution: Proper Eye
padding to prevent
compression
Abdominal Compression,
Increase of intra-
abdominal Pressure.
Solution: Soft Supports
Nerve compression, Deep
vein thrombosis
Solution: Soft supports
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7. DURING INTUBATION
โข AWAKE OR ASLEEP INTUBATION
โข DIRECT LARYNGOSCOPY AFTER MANUAL IN
STABILIZATION OR RIGID COLLAR
โข VIDEO LARYNGOSCOPY
โข FIBREOPTIC LARYNGOSCOPY IN CASE OF CERVICAL
SPINE DEFORMITIES, FRACTURE, LIMITED NECK
MOVEMENT OR MOUTH OPENING OR ANY CERVICAL
UNSTABILITY
โข USE OF ARMOURED ENDOTRACHEAL TUBES TO
PREVENT KINKING DURING PRONE POSITIONING
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8. BLOOD LOSS AND
TRANSFUSION
โข EBL IN DEFORMINTY CORRECTION IS 3-5L.
โข ADEQUATE BLOOD AND BLOOD PRODUCTS TO
BE ARRANGED
โข HYPOTENSIVE ANESTHESIA
โข ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY
โข MASSIVE BLOOD TRANSFUSION PROTOCOL
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