The document discusses the history and development of the Android operating system. It describes how Android was founded in 2003 by Andy Rubin and was later acquired by Google in 2005. It provides an overview of Android versions from 1.0 to the current version, the open source nature of Android, and the tools and languages used to develop Android applications like Java and XML. It also summarizes the process for submitting an Android app to the Google Play store.

1. Andy Rubin

2. What is an Operating System?
What is An Android?
History of Android?
Open Source-Closed Source OS
OHA(Open Handset Alliance)& Members in OHA.
History of Android Versions?
Versions
Android Architecture
Tools and Languages
Submitting of An Android application into Android market.

3.  An Operating System act as interface between
User and Mobile hardware.
 Each manufacture consists of separate Operating
System their product Namely
=>Nokia- Symbian, Belle , Windows,Android
=>Samsung- Bada, Android
=>Apple- iOS
=>BlackBerry- BlackBerryOS
=>HTC-Symbian ,Android.

4.  An Android is a Linux-based Operating System & a set of
software packages for Mobile device such as Mobiles,
Tablets, Computer Notebooks.
 A free Open Source Operating System for Mobile
Devices.
 Android is not Only for Mobiles.
 It is currently used in Televisions,Watches,Washing
Machines, Tablets.
 It is not a product or a device.
 It consists of Linux-based kernel ,middleware and key
Applications.

5.  Android Incorporation was founded in Palo Alto,
California, United States in October, 2003 by Andy
Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White.
 Google financially supports initial developer and
purchased it in 2005.
 Android is a Andy’s nick name because of his fascination
in robot.
 Andy Rubin and the team worked on the precursor to
Android, which they aimed would run on phones and
digital cameras.
 OHA formed in 2007 and Google was released Android
beta version as an open source under Apache licsense.

6. Open Source:
 Open-source is a development model promotes
an universal access via a free license to a
Product.
Ex: Ubuntu, Open Solaris, Free BSD.
Closed Source:
 Closed-source is also a development model and
it have certain license we must buy and it’s
source code doesn’t share with public.
Ex: Windows, Mac OS, Solaris .

7.  OHA is a consortium of 98 firms to develop Open
standard for Mobile device.
 OHA was established on 6 Nov 2007 led by
Google with 34 members including Mobile
Handset makers, application developers, Mobile
carriers and chip makers.
 Members of firms including
Google,Dell,HTC,Intel , LG-Electronics,
Samsung-E lectronics,T-Mobiles, Sprint Nextel,
and Texas Instruments, Nvidia.

8.  chip maker

9.  Android has been seen number of updates from
its original Version.
 Each updated version typically fix the bugs and
adding new features from its previous version.
 Android version name starts with Alphabetical
order.
 Each Android version named under a dessert(One
sweet item).
 Android beta version was released Nov-2007.

10.  1.0-Astro or Alpha in 2008(Sep).
 1.1-Blender or beta in 2009(Feb).
 1.5-Cupcake in 2009(Apr).
 1.6-Donut in 2009(Sep).
 2.0/2.1- Éclairs in 2009(Oct).
 2.2- Froyo in 2010(May).
 2.3-GingerBread in 2010(Dec).
 3.0-HoneyComb in 2011(Feb).
 4.0- Ice-cream sandwich in 2011(Oct).
 4.1/4.2- JellyBeans in 2012(Jun).
 4.4-Kitkat in 2013 (Sep).
 5.0- lollipop in 2014(Nov).

11.  Cupcake: It is the major OS for Android ,it supports
widgets and folders on home screen.
 Donut: It is resolution of Home screen widgets and
folders and it have efficient camera interface.
 Éclairs: It is mainly used for browsing purpose and it
also update the Google map API.
 Froyo: It is faster than previous versions due to Just-in-time
compiler and it supports Adobe flash.
 Gingerbread: It is mainly used for UI, and it have
NFC(Near Field Communication) so that the devices are
can share the data with out connection.
 Honeycomb: It is mainly used for tablets but it was
little bit succeeded but greatly improved in 3D
rendering and hardware acceluration.

12.  Ice Cream Sandwich: It is refined version of Honeycomb
and it optimizes the mobile device.
 Jellybeans: It support multiple account users , home
screen notifications, lock screen widgets, quick search
notification bars, photosphere, Google now.
 Kitkat: It having lot of advantages like Better memory
management, Improved Google Now, hangouts app
upgreaded,smart caller Id, immersive mode, integrated
with cloud storage, lock screen Art.
 Lollipop: Project Volta – Big Battery Life, Material
Design, New Notifications.

16.  Android is based on 2.6 Linux kernel.
 Kernel act as a bridge between S/W and H/W.
 It provides some system services such as
Security, Process management, Memory
management and drivers .

17.  Each Android run on its own processor instead of Dalvik
virtual Machine.
 Dalvik has been written so that a device can run on
multiple VMs efficiently.
 The DVM executes files in Dalvik executable format
which optimized for minimal memory.
 DVM converts the .class files into the .dex(Dalivk
executable) files.

18.  Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by
various components of Android System.
Surface Manager: manages Access to display
subsystem and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D
graphic layers from multiple applications.
SSL: Source Socket layer.
SGL: Scalable Graphics Library.
SQLite: It is a powerful and light weight relational
Data Base Engine available to all application.

19.  Android will ships a set of core applications including
email client, SMS program, calendar, Maps, Browser and
Contacts.
 In application framework we have many components
one of the very important component of application
framework is activity manager. This is the component
which actually manages life cycle of the applications
and gives us a common back-stack for navigates.

20. Tolls used in Android:
• Android SDK
• Java JDK
• Eclipse IDE
• ADT-plugin
Languages used in Android:
• Java
• XML(Extensible Markup Language)

21. Eclipse IDE
 Eclipse IDE is an open source community whose project building
tools and frameworks are developed for general purpose
applications.
 The most popular usage of Eclipse is as a Java development
environment. So android project also developed using eclipse.
 Download the ADT(Android Development Tool) plugin
• Start Eclipse, then select Help > Install New Software
• Click Add, in the top-right corner.
• In the Add Repository dialog that appears, enter "ADT
Plugin" for the Name and the following URL for the
Location.
https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse
• Click OK.

24.  Select Window > Preferences... to open the
Preferences panel (on Mac OS X, select
Eclipse > Preferences).
 Select Android from the left panel.
 For the SDK Location in the main panel, click
Browse... and locate your downloaded
Android SDK directory (such as android-sdk-windows).
 Click Apply, then OK.

27.  AVD Manager provides a Graphical User Interface
in which you can create and manage the AVD,
which are required by the Emulator .
 You can launch the AVD Manager in using this
path
select Window --> AVD Manager, or click the
AVD Manager icon in the Eclipse toolbar.

41.  src – your source code(JAVA)
 gen – auto-generated code (usually just R.java)
 Included libraries
 Resources(XML)
 Drawables (like .png images)
 Layouts
 Values (like strings)
 Manifest file

42. • Preferred way of creating User Interface.
• Used to define some of the resources
 Layouts (UI)
 Strings
• Manifest file

43. • Auto-generated: you shouldn’t edit it
• Contains IDs of the project resources
• Enforces good software engineering
• Use findViewById and Resources object to get
access to the resources
 Ex. Button b =
(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1)
 Ex. getResources().getString(R.string.hello));

44. • In res/values
strings.xml
• Application wide available strings
• Promotes good software engineering
• UI components made in the UI editor should
have text defined in strings.xml
• Strings are just one kind of ‘Value’ there are
many others

45.  Contains characteristics about your application
 When have more than one Activity in app, NEED
to specify it in manifest file
 Add an Activity in manifest.xml
 Need to specify Services and other components
too.
 Also important to define permissions and
external libraries, like Google Maps API

46.  To run android application right click your
project and
Run as Android Application
 To debug your application right click your
project and
Debug as Android Application

50.  There are 7 steps
STEP1:
 Make sure you’ve properly prepared, tested,
and compiled your app as outlined in
the Android Developers Guide.

51.  Create a Developer profile on the Android
Market. From the Android Market site, sign with
your Google Account. If you don’t have a Google
Account, you can register for one on Google.
 To create the Developer profile, you’ll need to
provide your name, email, website URL, and
phone number.

52.  Pay a $25 registration fee. This is a one-time
fee required for all developers, even if you are
publishing a free app. You can pay using credit
card or Google Checkout.

53.  Agree to the Android Market Developer
Distribution Agreement.

54.  Once you’ve completed the registration
portion, you’re ready to upload your app. Click
the Upload Application button.

55.  Upload your compiled .apk file to the Android
Market. You’ll need to fill out a form and upload
all assets including any screenshots or
promotional graphics. On the form, you will
provide details such as a title, description of
your app, category, price, and language.

56.  Once the App is uploaded, you should see in the
Android Market in a matter of moments.