The document discusses several ancient Indian texts that shaped Indian civilization, including religious Vedic texts like the Upanishads and the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata containing the Bhagavad Gita. It also outlines philosophical, scientific, and performing arts texts such as the Arthashastra on politics and economics, Sushruta Samhita on Ayurvedic medicine, and Natyashastra on drama and music. These texts illustrate India's rich spiritual traditions and cultural heritage and provide insights into history, ethics, and various aspects of ancient Indian society.
The literature in the books which gives us important information about the past is called literary source. The Vedas, Upanishads, Smritis, Ramayana, Mahabharata and the Sangam literature throw light on the political, social, economic and religious conditions of early India.
This presentation include brief description from vedas and learnings from them in relation to modern society problems
it tells us how to live life in this fast pacing world
-Vaibhav Singhal
The literature in the books which gives us important information about the past is called literary source. The Vedas, Upanishads, Smritis, Ramayana, Mahabharata and the Sangam literature throw light on the political, social, economic and religious conditions of early India.
This presentation include brief description from vedas and learnings from them in relation to modern society problems
it tells us how to live life in this fast pacing world
-Vaibhav Singhal
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
vau28703_ch06_127-160.indd 127 05/11/17 04:03 PM
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
6.1 HINDUISM
• Understand how Hinduism arose in India.
• De!ne brahmin, samsara, atman, karma, and Brahman.
• Identify the structure of the Vedas and its main components.
• Summarize the main themes of the Upanishads, and explain the process of
samara and karma and how they relate to atman, Brahman, and moksha.
• Explain what the Bhagavad-Gita is and how it di"ers in content from the
Upanishads.
• Explain the principal di"erences between the Hindu philosophies known as
Vedanta and Samkhya.
• Discuss some of the ways that modernity has a"ected Hinduism.
6.2 BUDDHISM
• Discuss the main ways that the Buddha’s views di"ered from the orthodox
beliefs of the times.
• Explain the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths.
• De!ne anatta, dukkha, ahimsa, and anicca.
• Explain the concept of nirvana and how Buddhism says it can be attained.
6.3 DAOISM
• Explain how the concept of the Dao parallels certain ideas in Western philosophy.
• Discuss the concept of wu-wei and how some Daoists try to integrate it into
their lives.
6.4 CONFUCIANISM
• Know why Confucianism is called a humanistic doctrine, and explain what
Confucius hoped his teachings would do.
• De!ne li and ren, and explain how these concepts !t into Confucianism.
• De!ne !lial piety and what it means in practice to Confucians.
• Understand the Confucian attitude toward family and community, personal
freedom, and individual rights.
Eastern !ought
CHAPTER 6
128 CHAPTER 6 Eastern Thought
vau28703_ch06_127-160.indd 128 05/11/17 04:03 PM
Among the great religions of the East—Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism,
Daoism, and others—we find just what we would expect in religious traditions:
sacred texts, spiritual journeys, mystical symbols, otherworldly stories, inspired dev-
otees, and saintly leaders. But if we look closer, we can see something else: a vibrant
tradition of philosophical inquiry. !e major religions of the West have had their
share of philosophers, and so have the main religious traditions of the East.
!roughout the centuries Asian thinkers working inside (or alongside) their
religion have addressed problems in epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, philosophy
of language, and logic—all standard areas of study found in Western philosophy.
!e result is that, laboring independently, they have tried to provide answers to
large questions that also happen to be subjects of intellectual exploration in the
West. Remarkably, many of their answers parallel those given by their Western
counterparts, or they entail philosophically interesting alternatives, or they chal-
lenge theories or perspectives that are widely accepted outside Asia. !e Buddha
taught that the self is merely a collection of attributes (not a persisting substance
or soul); so did the British empiricist David Hume. Hindu thinkers have debated
the worth of arguments for and against the existence of the divine; the ...
The Hindu scriptures provide the early documented history and
origin of arts and sciences forms in India such as music, dance,
sculptures, architecture, astronomy, science, mathematics,
medicine and wellness. Valmiki's Ramayana (500 BCE to 100
BCE) mentions music and singing by Gandharvas, dance by
Apsaras such as Urvashi, Rambha, ETC. The evidence of earliest
dance related texts are in Natasutras, which are mentioned in
the text of Panini, the sage who wrote the classic on Sanskrit
grammar, and who is dated to about 500 BCE. whose complete
manuscript has not survived into the modern age.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
vau28703_ch06_127-160.indd 127 05/11/17 04:03 PM
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
6.1 HINDUISM
• Understand how Hinduism arose in India.
• De!ne brahmin, samsara, atman, karma, and Brahman.
• Identify the structure of the Vedas and its main components.
• Summarize the main themes of the Upanishads, and explain the process of
samara and karma and how they relate to atman, Brahman, and moksha.
• Explain what the Bhagavad-Gita is and how it di"ers in content from the
Upanishads.
• Explain the principal di"erences between the Hindu philosophies known as
Vedanta and Samkhya.
• Discuss some of the ways that modernity has a"ected Hinduism.
6.2 BUDDHISM
• Discuss the main ways that the Buddha’s views di"ered from the orthodox
beliefs of the times.
• Explain the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths.
• De!ne anatta, dukkha, ahimsa, and anicca.
• Explain the concept of nirvana and how Buddhism says it can be attained.
6.3 DAOISM
• Explain how the concept of the Dao parallels certain ideas in Western philosophy.
• Discuss the concept of wu-wei and how some Daoists try to integrate it into
their lives.
6.4 CONFUCIANISM
• Know why Confucianism is called a humanistic doctrine, and explain what
Confucius hoped his teachings would do.
• De!ne li and ren, and explain how these concepts !t into Confucianism.
• De!ne !lial piety and what it means in practice to Confucians.
• Understand the Confucian attitude toward family and community, personal
freedom, and individual rights.
Eastern !ought
CHAPTER 6
128 CHAPTER 6 Eastern Thought
vau28703_ch06_127-160.indd 128 05/11/17 04:03 PM
Among the great religions of the East—Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism,
Daoism, and others—we find just what we would expect in religious traditions:
sacred texts, spiritual journeys, mystical symbols, otherworldly stories, inspired dev-
otees, and saintly leaders. But if we look closer, we can see something else: a vibrant
tradition of philosophical inquiry. !e major religions of the West have had their
share of philosophers, and so have the main religious traditions of the East.
!roughout the centuries Asian thinkers working inside (or alongside) their
religion have addressed problems in epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, philosophy
of language, and logic—all standard areas of study found in Western philosophy.
!e result is that, laboring independently, they have tried to provide answers to
large questions that also happen to be subjects of intellectual exploration in the
West. Remarkably, many of their answers parallel those given by their Western
counterparts, or they entail philosophically interesting alternatives, or they chal-
lenge theories or perspectives that are widely accepted outside Asia. !e Buddha
taught that the self is merely a collection of attributes (not a persisting substance
or soul); so did the British empiricist David Hume. Hindu thinkers have debated
the worth of arguments for and against the existence of the divine; the ...
The Hindu scriptures provide the early documented history and
origin of arts and sciences forms in India such as music, dance,
sculptures, architecture, astronomy, science, mathematics,
medicine and wellness. Valmiki's Ramayana (500 BCE to 100
BCE) mentions music and singing by Gandharvas, dance by
Apsaras such as Urvashi, Rambha, ETC. The evidence of earliest
dance related texts are in Natasutras, which are mentioned in
the text of Panini, the sage who wrote the classic on Sanskrit
grammar, and who is dated to about 500 BCE. whose complete
manuscript has not survived into the modern age.
Partial notes on BBA 205 course for students of IP University (Delhi) and anyone who wants a beginner's level knowledge on business ethics.
Citations are reflected in the slides.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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2. Introduction
• Ancient India is renowned for its rich
heritage of scriptures, religious texts,
and epic poems that have shaped
the spiritual, philosophical, and
cultural landscape of the region.
• Today, we delve into the remarkable
world of ancient Indian texts,
exploring their significance, themes,
and contributions to Indian
civilization. Let's embark on this
enlightening journey together.
3. The Vedas
• The Vedas are India's earliest
surviving texts, dating from
approximately 2000 to 1500 B.C.E .
• Composed in Sanskrit, the Vedas
consist of hymns, rituals, and
metaphysical speculations.
• They are revered as the foundation
of Hindu beliefs and are divided into
four main collections: Rigveda,
Samaveda, Yajurveda, and
Atharvaveda.
4. The
Upanishads
• The Upanishads are mystical and
philosophical teachings that form the
concluding portions of the Vedas.
• They explore profound questions about
the nature of reality, the self (Atman),
and the ultimate reality (Brahman).
• The Upanishads played a significant
role in the development of Vedanta, a
philosophical school of thought within
Hinduism.
5. The
Ramayana
• The Ramayana, written sometime
between 200 B.C. and A.D. 200, is an
epic poem attributed to the sage
Valmiki.
• It narrates the story of Prince Rama's
quest to rescue his wife, Sita, from the
asura Ravana.
• The Ramayana illustrates the
importance of dharma (righteousness),
devotion, and the triumph of good over
evil.
6. The
Mahabharata
• The Mahabharata is another ancient
epic, traditionally attributed to the sage
Vyasa.
• It tells the story of a great war between
two factions of a royal family, the
Pandavas and the Kauravas.
• The Mahabharata includes the
Bhagavad Gita, a sacred dialogue
between Prince Arjuna and Lord
Krishna, exploring moral dilemmas and
the path to self-realization.
7. The
Bhagavad
Gita
• The Bhagavad Gita, often referred
to as the Gita, is a sacred text
within the Mahabharata.
• It is a philosophical dialogue
between Arjuna and Krishna, who
serves as his charioteer and divine
guide.
• The Gita explores profound
concepts such as duty (dharma),
selflessness, and the nature of the
soul.
8. The Puranas
• The Puranas are a collection of
texts that narrate mythology,
legends, and genealogies of
deities, heroes, and sages.
• They provide insights into Hindu
cosmology, religious rituals, and
moral teachings.
• The Puranas serve as a resource
for understanding the history and
values of ancient Indian society
9. The
Arthashastra
• The Arthashastra, written by
the sage Kautilya (Chanakya),
is an ancient treatise on
politics, governance, and
economics.
• It provides detailed guidance
on statecraft, diplomacy,
military strategy, and economic
policies.
• The Arthashastra remains a
valuable source of knowledge
on ancient Indian
10. The Jataka
Tales
• The Jataka Tales are a collection
of stories recounting the previous
lives of Gautama Buddha.
• They provide moral lessons and
teachings on virtues such as
compassion, kindness, and
selflessness.
• The Jataka Tales are popular in
Buddhist literature and serve as
an inspiration for ethical living.
11. The
Natyashastra
• The Natyashastra is an ancient
Indian text attributed to the sage
Bharata Muni.
• It is a comprehensive treatise on
performing arts, including music,
dance, drama, and aesthetics.
• The Natyashastra lays down
principles of acting, stagecraft, and
the emotional impact of artistic
expressions.
12. Sushruta
Samhita
• Sushruta Samhita is an ancient text
attributed to sage physician Sushruta,
dating between 1500 BCE and 1000
BCE.
• It is one of the foundational texts of
Ayurveda, covering various branches of
medical knowledge, including surgery,
ENT, pediatrics, toxicology, rejuvenation
etc.
• Sushruta Samhita provides detailed
descriptions of surgical instruments,
procedures, techniques, and training.
13. Conclusion
• The ancient Indian texts we have
explored today represent a vast
reservoir of knowledge, spirituality, and
cultural heritage.
• They have shaped the lives and beliefs
of countless individuals over millennia
and continue to inspire and guide
people in various aspects of life.
• Exploring these texts opens a gateway
to understanding the profound wisdom
and diverse traditions of ancient India.
