Ancient Egypt
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Ancient Egypt began in 3150 BC and ended in 31 BC along the Nile River in North Africa. The Pharaoh was the monarch and supreme military commander who divided Egypt into 42 administrative regions to govern the surplus crops produced by farming on the Nile. A notable artifact is the Rosetta Stone from 196 BC, discovered by the French in 1799, which was inscribed in two Egyptian languages and translated, helping scholars understand Egyptian hieroglyphics.
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This document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian civilization and history. It summarizes that early Egyptians relied on the Nile River for survival and prospered due to geographic isolation. Egyptian society developed hieroglyphic writing, skilled farming, and a government led by pharaohs who were believed to be divine rulers. Major periods included the Old Kingdom known for pyramid building, the Middle Kingdom which expanded Egyptian power, and the New Kingdom during which the Egyptian Empire reached its height before eventually declining.
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The document provides information about ancient Egypt, including its geography, water sources, leadership, social hierarchy, and beliefs about the afterlife. The Nile River created fertile land for farming and allowed for trade. The most powerful person was the Pharaoh, who was both the political and religious leader and owned all the land. Egyptian society was stratified, with pharaohs and officials at the top of the social pyramid and peasants at the bottom. Egyptians believed in an afterlife and developed an elaborate mummification process to preserve bodies for the next world.
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