The document provides information about Sreenu Thalla. Sreenu Thalla is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology. The document does not provide any other details about Sreenu Thalla or the Department of Pharmacology.
This document discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of common minor ailments including nausea/vomiting, dyspepsia, diarrhea, and constipation. It describes the causes and symptoms of each condition. For management, it recommends lifestyle modifications and discusses various pharmacological treatments including antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, loperamide, and lactobacillus preparations. The goal is to prevent dehydration and electrolyte loss through oral rehydration and replacement of fluids and minerals.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, and loss of function in the joints. It affects around 1-3% of the population worldwide and is three times more common in women than men. The disease involves inflammation of the synovium and destruction of articular cartilage and bone over time. Clinical features include symmetric polyarthritis of small joints in hands and feet, morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes, and systemic symptoms like fever. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and confirmation with serological tests for rheumatoid factor or imaging tests showing erosions. Long-term treatment aims to reduce inflammation and prevent joint damage.
Spondylitis is a medical condition discussed in this document. The document was written by Sreenu Thalla, an Associate Professor in the Department of Pharmacology. The document likely provides information about spondylitis from a pharmacology perspective given the author's position.
This document discusses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of common minor ailments including nausea/vomiting, dyspepsia, diarrhea, and constipation. It describes the causes and symptoms of each condition. For management, it recommends lifestyle modifications and discusses various pharmacological treatments including antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, loperamide, and lactobacillus preparations. The goal is to prevent dehydration and electrolyte loss through oral rehydration and replacement of fluids and minerals.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, and loss of function in the joints. It affects around 1-3% of the population worldwide and is three times more common in women than men. The disease involves inflammation of the synovium and destruction of articular cartilage and bone over time. Clinical features include symmetric polyarthritis of small joints in hands and feet, morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes, and systemic symptoms like fever. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and confirmation with serological tests for rheumatoid factor or imaging tests showing erosions. Long-term treatment aims to reduce inflammation and prevent joint damage.
Spondylitis is a medical condition discussed in this document. The document was written by Sreenu Thalla, an Associate Professor in the Department of Pharmacology. The document likely provides information about spondylitis from a pharmacology perspective given the author's position.
Sreenu Thalla is an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. He holds the position of associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. The document provides the name and title of Sreenu Thalla within the Department of Pharmacology.
This document summarizes diagnostic tests and treatments for scabies. It discusses skin scrapings and burrow ink tests to diagnose scabies microscopically. Permethrin cream is the first-line topical treatment and should be applied from neck to toes and reapplied after a week. Oral ivermectin is used for crusted scabies but is not FDA-approved for scabies. It may require two doses two weeks apart. Benzyl benzoate cream is an alternative but not for pregnant women.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease that commonly causes chronic inflammation of the joints. Its most typical features include symmetrical polyarthritis, morning stiffness, elevated inflammatory markers, and the presence of autoantibodies. Left untreated, it can lead to early death from cardiovascular complications and causes widespread changes in tissues. While there is no cure, treatment aims to delay disease progression, alleviate symptoms, and reduce functional limitations through supportive medications and sometimes surgery. Careful monitoring of drug toxicities is important when managing rheumatoid arthritis pharmacologically.
Sreenu Thalla is an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. He holds the position of associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. The document provides limited information about Sreenu Thalla and his role as an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology.
- Osteoarthritis begins with changes in cartilage, specifically the depletion of aggrecan and loss of type 2 collagen in the cartilage matrix.
- Nonsurgical treatment options for osteoarthritis pain include physical therapy, occupational therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, cortisone injections, and lubrication injections.
- More invasive options are osteotomy to realign bones, and joint replacement surgery which removes damaged joint surfaces and replaces them with prosthetics.
Sreenu Thalla is an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. He holds the position of associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. The document provides the name and title of Sreenu Thalla within the Department of Pharmacology.
This document provides information about Impetigo, a common and contagious skin infection that mainly affects children. It describes the symptoms and signs of Impetigo such as reddish sores that develop into honey-colored crusts. Risk factors include age 2-5 years old, close contact with others, warm weather, and broken skin. Impetigo is caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Prevention methods include washing clothes and bedding daily, wearing gloves when applying ointment, and keeping infected children home until no longer contagious.
Gout can be treated through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological means, with the goals of terminating attacks, controlling pain and inflammation, preventing future attacks, and avoiding complications like kidney stones. Non-pharmacological treatments include immobilizing affected joints, applying ice, avoiding alcohol to prevent increased uric acid levels, and modifying diet to reduce purines from meat and seafood while increasing protein, unsaturated fats, and fruits like cherries and vitamin C.
Eczema is a skin condition characterized by itchy, inflamed skin. It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that result in dry, irritated skin. The LEKTI protein and Toll-like receptors play a role in the immune response and may influence the development of eczema.
The document discusses strategies for preventing drug-induced renal disorders. It recommends ensuring adequate hydration before initiating any nephrotoxic drugs, using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible, and monitoring renal function and drug levels during therapy. The document also suggests discontinuing or reducing the dose of nephrotoxic drugs at the first sign of toxicity, using the lowest dose of contrast agents for those with pre-existing conditions, and ensuring hydration when administering contrast agents.
Drugs can cause harmful effects on the kidneys. Dr. Sreenu Thalla, an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology, authored a document about drug induced renal disorders. The document likely discusses various drugs that can damage the kidneys and the mechanisms by which they cause harm.
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as kidney damage or decreased kidney function (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2) persisting for over 3 months. CKD results from diseases affecting the pre-renal, intrinsic renal, or post-renal systems and commonly has no symptoms in early stages. The main causes of CKD are diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and cystic kidney diseases. CKD can accelerate due to factors like proteinuria, hypertension, and hyperglycemia.
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its definition, classification, causes, epidemiology, progression, and risk factors. CKD is defined as kidney damage or decreased kidney function (GFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2) for at least 3 months. It is classified based on GFR levels (G1-G5) and albuminuria levels (A1-A3). Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. Risk factors for faster progression include older age, male sex, proteinuria, hypertension, and factors related to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Progression rates vary significantly
The document discusses the examination of Cranial Nerve I, the olfactory nerve. It notes that CN I is responsible for smell and that testing involves checking each nostril independently with the patient's eyes closed using mild scents like coffee, tobacco, soap or cloves to check for impairment, which can decrease taste as well. The nerve is not often directly examined as impairments are usually due to other causes like allergies or colds.
To perform a cranial nerve examination, one must gather equipment such as a pen torch, Snellen chart, Ishihara plates, ophthalmoscope, mydriatic eye drops, cotton wool, neuro-tip, tuning fork, and a glass of water. This allows for testing various aspects of the 12 cranial nerves including vision, eye movement, facial sensation, hearing and balance. Proper equipment is needed to thoroughly examine each cranial nerve function.
This document summarizes information about stimulant drugs, including their mechanisms of action, effects, indications for use, and examples like amphetamines and methylphenidate. It describes how stimulants increase neurotransmitter release and block reuptake, leading to signs like elevated mood, increased alertness and motor activity. Therapeutic uses include treating ADHD, obesity and narcolepsy. Potential adverse effects involve the endocrine, gastrointestinal and neurological systems. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amphetamines are also outlined.
Sreenu Thalla is an Associate Professor in the Department of Pharmacology. The document provides information about Sreenu Thalla's position and affiliation. It does not provide any additional context or details about the general examination of skin.
This document provides guidance on how to read chest x-rays. It outlines a systematic approach, including understanding normal anatomy and densities, having a structured process, and comparing to prior images. Key anatomical features like the lungs, heart, bones and soft tissues are identified. Common pathologies such as atelectasis, effusions, masses, infections and edema are exemplified through sample chest x-ray images and brief explanations.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is defined as a rapid loss of kidney function over days or weeks, resulting in a buildup of waste products. It affects over 13 million people worldwide each year and can be caused by prerenal issues like low blood flow, intrinsic kidney damage, or postrenal obstruction. The most common causes of AKI are sepsis, ischemia, and nephrotoxins. Biomarkers like KIM-1 and NGAL in urine can help detect early kidney injury. Treatment focuses on identifying and treating the underlying cause, maintaining fluid/electrolyte balance, and potentially renal replacement therapy.
This document provides information about breast cancer, including:
- Breast cancer develops from breast tissue and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Early diagnosis and treatment has improved survival rates.
- Risk factors include age, family history, obesity, lack of physical activity, hormone exposure. Genetic factors contribute to some cases.
- Symptoms may include lumps, nipple discharge, skin changes. Advanced cases may spread to bones or organs. Diagnosis involves mammograms, biopsies and scans.
- Treatment includes surgery to remove cancer (mastectomy or lumpectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapies and bone-directed therapies depending on cancer type and stage
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
Sreenu Thalla is an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. He holds the position of associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. The document provides the name and title of Sreenu Thalla within the Department of Pharmacology.
This document summarizes diagnostic tests and treatments for scabies. It discusses skin scrapings and burrow ink tests to diagnose scabies microscopically. Permethrin cream is the first-line topical treatment and should be applied from neck to toes and reapplied after a week. Oral ivermectin is used for crusted scabies but is not FDA-approved for scabies. It may require two doses two weeks apart. Benzyl benzoate cream is an alternative but not for pregnant women.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease that commonly causes chronic inflammation of the joints. Its most typical features include symmetrical polyarthritis, morning stiffness, elevated inflammatory markers, and the presence of autoantibodies. Left untreated, it can lead to early death from cardiovascular complications and causes widespread changes in tissues. While there is no cure, treatment aims to delay disease progression, alleviate symptoms, and reduce functional limitations through supportive medications and sometimes surgery. Careful monitoring of drug toxicities is important when managing rheumatoid arthritis pharmacologically.
Sreenu Thalla is an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. He holds the position of associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. The document provides limited information about Sreenu Thalla and his role as an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology.
- Osteoarthritis begins with changes in cartilage, specifically the depletion of aggrecan and loss of type 2 collagen in the cartilage matrix.
- Nonsurgical treatment options for osteoarthritis pain include physical therapy, occupational therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, cortisone injections, and lubrication injections.
- More invasive options are osteotomy to realign bones, and joint replacement surgery which removes damaged joint surfaces and replaces them with prosthetics.
Sreenu Thalla is an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. He holds the position of associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology. The document provides the name and title of Sreenu Thalla within the Department of Pharmacology.
This document provides information about Impetigo, a common and contagious skin infection that mainly affects children. It describes the symptoms and signs of Impetigo such as reddish sores that develop into honey-colored crusts. Risk factors include age 2-5 years old, close contact with others, warm weather, and broken skin. Impetigo is caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Prevention methods include washing clothes and bedding daily, wearing gloves when applying ointment, and keeping infected children home until no longer contagious.
Gout can be treated through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological means, with the goals of terminating attacks, controlling pain and inflammation, preventing future attacks, and avoiding complications like kidney stones. Non-pharmacological treatments include immobilizing affected joints, applying ice, avoiding alcohol to prevent increased uric acid levels, and modifying diet to reduce purines from meat and seafood while increasing protein, unsaturated fats, and fruits like cherries and vitamin C.
Eczema is a skin condition characterized by itchy, inflamed skin. It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that result in dry, irritated skin. The LEKTI protein and Toll-like receptors play a role in the immune response and may influence the development of eczema.
The document discusses strategies for preventing drug-induced renal disorders. It recommends ensuring adequate hydration before initiating any nephrotoxic drugs, using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible, and monitoring renal function and drug levels during therapy. The document also suggests discontinuing or reducing the dose of nephrotoxic drugs at the first sign of toxicity, using the lowest dose of contrast agents for those with pre-existing conditions, and ensuring hydration when administering contrast agents.
Drugs can cause harmful effects on the kidneys. Dr. Sreenu Thalla, an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology, authored a document about drug induced renal disorders. The document likely discusses various drugs that can damage the kidneys and the mechanisms by which they cause harm.
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD). It defines CKD as kidney damage or decreased kidney function (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2) persisting for over 3 months. CKD results from diseases affecting the pre-renal, intrinsic renal, or post-renal systems and commonly has no symptoms in early stages. The main causes of CKD are diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and cystic kidney diseases. CKD can accelerate due to factors like proteinuria, hypertension, and hyperglycemia.
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its definition, classification, causes, epidemiology, progression, and risk factors. CKD is defined as kidney damage or decreased kidney function (GFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2) for at least 3 months. It is classified based on GFR levels (G1-G5) and albuminuria levels (A1-A3). Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. Risk factors for faster progression include older age, male sex, proteinuria, hypertension, and factors related to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Progression rates vary significantly
The document discusses the examination of Cranial Nerve I, the olfactory nerve. It notes that CN I is responsible for smell and that testing involves checking each nostril independently with the patient's eyes closed using mild scents like coffee, tobacco, soap or cloves to check for impairment, which can decrease taste as well. The nerve is not often directly examined as impairments are usually due to other causes like allergies or colds.
To perform a cranial nerve examination, one must gather equipment such as a pen torch, Snellen chart, Ishihara plates, ophthalmoscope, mydriatic eye drops, cotton wool, neuro-tip, tuning fork, and a glass of water. This allows for testing various aspects of the 12 cranial nerves including vision, eye movement, facial sensation, hearing and balance. Proper equipment is needed to thoroughly examine each cranial nerve function.
This document summarizes information about stimulant drugs, including their mechanisms of action, effects, indications for use, and examples like amphetamines and methylphenidate. It describes how stimulants increase neurotransmitter release and block reuptake, leading to signs like elevated mood, increased alertness and motor activity. Therapeutic uses include treating ADHD, obesity and narcolepsy. Potential adverse effects involve the endocrine, gastrointestinal and neurological systems. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amphetamines are also outlined.
Sreenu Thalla is an Associate Professor in the Department of Pharmacology. The document provides information about Sreenu Thalla's position and affiliation. It does not provide any additional context or details about the general examination of skin.
This document provides guidance on how to read chest x-rays. It outlines a systematic approach, including understanding normal anatomy and densities, having a structured process, and comparing to prior images. Key anatomical features like the lungs, heart, bones and soft tissues are identified. Common pathologies such as atelectasis, effusions, masses, infections and edema are exemplified through sample chest x-ray images and brief explanations.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is defined as a rapid loss of kidney function over days or weeks, resulting in a buildup of waste products. It affects over 13 million people worldwide each year and can be caused by prerenal issues like low blood flow, intrinsic kidney damage, or postrenal obstruction. The most common causes of AKI are sepsis, ischemia, and nephrotoxins. Biomarkers like KIM-1 and NGAL in urine can help detect early kidney injury. Treatment focuses on identifying and treating the underlying cause, maintaining fluid/electrolyte balance, and potentially renal replacement therapy.
This document provides information about breast cancer, including:
- Breast cancer develops from breast tissue and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Early diagnosis and treatment has improved survival rates.
- Risk factors include age, family history, obesity, lack of physical activity, hormone exposure. Genetic factors contribute to some cases.
- Symptoms may include lumps, nipple discharge, skin changes. Advanced cases may spread to bones or organs. Diagnosis involves mammograms, biopsies and scans.
- Treatment includes surgery to remove cancer (mastectomy or lumpectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapies and bone-directed therapies depending on cancer type and stage
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.