This document analyzes the strategic action planning (SAP) problem in disaster response teams. It presents a model of the SAP problem with six dimensions: 1) the problem domain of urban search and rescue tasks, 2) the disaster response team structure with an incident commander and agents, 3) relevant geographic information, 4) the strategic action planning process, 5) how strategic plans constrain agent behaviors, and 6) strategic action scheduling to estimate operation time and assign agents to tasks. The goal is to understand SAP requirements to support developing intelligent systems that collaborate with incident commanders on making strategic plans and schedules to coordinate agent responses during disasters.
Introduction to Spatially Distributed Intelligent Assistant Agents for Coordi...Reza Nourjou, Ph.D.
This document proposes an approach for coordinating human-agent teams during urban search and rescue operations after an earthquake. It analyzes the structure and environment of search and rescue tasks, and identifies coordination as a key challenge due to geographic and uncertain conditions. The document then describes designing a model for distributed spatial task allocation using a contract net approach. Intelligent assistant agents are proposed to help humans assign tasks to teams efficiently in space and time. The approach is implemented and validated in a geospatial simulation.
Search algorithm for optimal execution of incident commander guidance in macr...Reza Nourjou, Ph.D.
This document presents a search algorithm to help an incident commander optimally execute guidance for field units during disaster response. The algorithm helps select the best strategic decision from available alternatives to coordinate field units' macro actions. It calculates an optimal macro action plan, estimates the minimum time to achieve goals, and reasons about the best choice. The algorithm was applied to develop intelligent software to assist humans in crisis response to earthquakes.
Intelligent GIS for Spatial Cooperation of Earthquake Emergency ResponseReza Nourjou, Ph.D.
The document proposes an intelligent GIS (IGIS) using a multi-agent system to help coordinate search and rescue teams responding to an earthquake. The key challenge for teams is the spatial cooperation problem of determining what tasks to perform, where, and when. The IGIS would use distributed task allocation between software agents representing teams to efficiently allocate rescue tasks based on each team's location and capabilities. The human agents leading each team would collaborate with software agents to make tactical decisions and solve the spatial cooperation problem.
The document discusses designing crisis incident management systems centered around human operators. It addresses identifying the pressures of crisis environments, how those pressures shape system design, and how to assess new capabilities. Key concepts covered include the human psyche, memory, decision-making processes, interoperability, and applying human-centered design principles. Several case studies and exercises are described that have tested tools and information flows to support situational awareness and decision-making during crisis response operations. Lessons learned emphasize focusing assessment goals and allowing subject matter experts to draw on implicit knowledge.
This document discusses the importance of disaster recovery planning for organizations, especially higher education institutions like universities. It explains that while disasters can occur naturally or be caused by humans, most organizations are not well prepared to recover from disasters or ensure business continuity. The document recommends that disaster recovery planning should minimize costs, maintain customer satisfaction, and ensure business processes can continue. It also stresses the importance of top management support for effective disaster recovery planning.
Data Model of the Strategic Action Planning and Scheduling Problem in a Disas...Reza Nourjou, Ph.D.
This document presents a data model for strategic action planning and scheduling problems in disaster response teams. The data model is designed as a Unified Modeling Language class diagram consisting of entity types, attributes, and relationships associated with modeling the strategic action planning and scheduling problem. The data model supports the development of an intelligent assistant software system to help incident commanders with strategic action planning and scheduling during disaster response. The data model makes five novel contributions, including modeling the strategic action planning problem, representing task information geographically and temporally, encoding human strategic guidance, formulating strategic action plans, and integrating strategic action schedules with other entities.
Intelligent Algorithm for Assignment of Agents to Human Strategy in Centraliz...Reza Nourjou, Ph.D.
This document presents an intelligent algorithm to assist humans in centralized multi-agent coordination during disaster response operations. The algorithm aims to (1) automatically calculate and present a set of feasible alternatives for strategic agent assignment decisions and (2) autonomously identify when assigned agents should be released and reassigned to adapt strategies over time. It applies this algorithm to a simulated search and rescue scenario where a team must rescue people across five zones. The results provide the human incident commander with alternative strategic assignments to consider or delegate optimal selection to the system.
GDC17 A Practical Guide to Doing Ethical Player TestingMia Consalvo
What does ethical player testing entail? Are there things that game developers should never do to or with game testers? How can they be sure that they are being fair to players by informing them of things that might happen to them during testing, particularly if developers don't want to reveal everything about their game in advance? This presentation makes the case for ethical play testing and offers developers a practical guide for implementing ethical player testing. It starts with an overview of the history of human subjects research, provides resources for more information, and then dives into what ethical player testing can look like, and how to implement your own best practices for player testing.
Introduction to Spatially Distributed Intelligent Assistant Agents for Coordi...Reza Nourjou, Ph.D.
This document proposes an approach for coordinating human-agent teams during urban search and rescue operations after an earthquake. It analyzes the structure and environment of search and rescue tasks, and identifies coordination as a key challenge due to geographic and uncertain conditions. The document then describes designing a model for distributed spatial task allocation using a contract net approach. Intelligent assistant agents are proposed to help humans assign tasks to teams efficiently in space and time. The approach is implemented and validated in a geospatial simulation.
Search algorithm for optimal execution of incident commander guidance in macr...Reza Nourjou, Ph.D.
This document presents a search algorithm to help an incident commander optimally execute guidance for field units during disaster response. The algorithm helps select the best strategic decision from available alternatives to coordinate field units' macro actions. It calculates an optimal macro action plan, estimates the minimum time to achieve goals, and reasons about the best choice. The algorithm was applied to develop intelligent software to assist humans in crisis response to earthquakes.
Intelligent GIS for Spatial Cooperation of Earthquake Emergency ResponseReza Nourjou, Ph.D.
The document proposes an intelligent GIS (IGIS) using a multi-agent system to help coordinate search and rescue teams responding to an earthquake. The key challenge for teams is the spatial cooperation problem of determining what tasks to perform, where, and when. The IGIS would use distributed task allocation between software agents representing teams to efficiently allocate rescue tasks based on each team's location and capabilities. The human agents leading each team would collaborate with software agents to make tactical decisions and solve the spatial cooperation problem.
The document discusses designing crisis incident management systems centered around human operators. It addresses identifying the pressures of crisis environments, how those pressures shape system design, and how to assess new capabilities. Key concepts covered include the human psyche, memory, decision-making processes, interoperability, and applying human-centered design principles. Several case studies and exercises are described that have tested tools and information flows to support situational awareness and decision-making during crisis response operations. Lessons learned emphasize focusing assessment goals and allowing subject matter experts to draw on implicit knowledge.
This document discusses the importance of disaster recovery planning for organizations, especially higher education institutions like universities. It explains that while disasters can occur naturally or be caused by humans, most organizations are not well prepared to recover from disasters or ensure business continuity. The document recommends that disaster recovery planning should minimize costs, maintain customer satisfaction, and ensure business processes can continue. It also stresses the importance of top management support for effective disaster recovery planning.
Data Model of the Strategic Action Planning and Scheduling Problem in a Disas...Reza Nourjou, Ph.D.
This document presents a data model for strategic action planning and scheduling problems in disaster response teams. The data model is designed as a Unified Modeling Language class diagram consisting of entity types, attributes, and relationships associated with modeling the strategic action planning and scheduling problem. The data model supports the development of an intelligent assistant software system to help incident commanders with strategic action planning and scheduling during disaster response. The data model makes five novel contributions, including modeling the strategic action planning problem, representing task information geographically and temporally, encoding human strategic guidance, formulating strategic action plans, and integrating strategic action schedules with other entities.
Intelligent Algorithm for Assignment of Agents to Human Strategy in Centraliz...Reza Nourjou, Ph.D.
This document presents an intelligent algorithm to assist humans in centralized multi-agent coordination during disaster response operations. The algorithm aims to (1) automatically calculate and present a set of feasible alternatives for strategic agent assignment decisions and (2) autonomously identify when assigned agents should be released and reassigned to adapt strategies over time. It applies this algorithm to a simulated search and rescue scenario where a team must rescue people across five zones. The results provide the human incident commander with alternative strategic assignments to consider or delegate optimal selection to the system.
GDC17 A Practical Guide to Doing Ethical Player TestingMia Consalvo
What does ethical player testing entail? Are there things that game developers should never do to or with game testers? How can they be sure that they are being fair to players by informing them of things that might happen to them during testing, particularly if developers don't want to reveal everything about their game in advance? This presentation makes the case for ethical play testing and offers developers a practical guide for implementing ethical player testing. It starts with an overview of the history of human subjects research, provides resources for more information, and then dives into what ethical player testing can look like, and how to implement your own best practices for player testing.
Eva Vasileska is an architect from Macedonia who has studied and worked in Slovenia. She has completed several studio projects during her studies focusing on typologies like housing, schools, and urban design. Her work explores relationships between spatial layout and social factors using tools like space syntax analysis. She is interested in architecture that can change and adapt based on user needs through collaborative design processes.
El documento describe dos populares juegos MMORPG, Lineage II y World of Warcraft. Lineage II es una secuela de 150 años del juego Lineage que se volvió muy popular en Corea del Sur y a nivel mundial, utilizando gráficos 3D avanzados. World of Warcraft es un juego de rol multijugador masivo en línea desarrollado por Blizzard Entertainment, ubicado cuatro años después de los eventos de Warcraft III en el mundo de Azeroth.
Este documento describe el bullying y el cyberbullying. Define el bullying como actos agresivos repetidos contra una víctima que no puede defenderse. Explica que hay dos formas de bullying: directo e indirecto. También describe cómo afecta el bullying a las víctimas física y psicológicamente. Define el cyberbullying como una forma de acoso verbal y escrito a través de medios electrónicos que puede ocurrir en cualquier momento. Finalmente, destaca siete diferencias clave entre el bullying tradicional y el cyberbullying.
Using GIS to Develop an Efficient Spatio-temporal Task Allocation Algorithm t...Reza Nourjou, Ph.D.
Using GIS to Develop an Efficient Spatio-temporal Task Allocation Algorithm to Human Groups in an Entirely Dynamic Environment Case Study: Earthquake Rescue Teams
Enterprise Agile Coaches are System ThinkerChandan Patary
How Agile coaches are different from Enterprise Agile coaches? Why we need to know systems thinking for scaling agile at enterprise level agile transformation.
El documento describe las principales redes sociales como Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp e Instagram, y discute sus ventajas y desventajas. Señala que las redes sociales permiten una comunicación más rápida y acceso a información, pero también pueden generar adicción, distracción de otras responsabilidades, y pérdida de privacidad. El documento enfatiza la importancia de un uso consciente y responsable de las redes sociales.
Este documento trata sobre la higiene de los alimentos. Explica que la higiene personal del manipulador de alimentos es fundamental para obtener alimentos seguros, incluyendo el lavado frecuente y correcto de manos. También describe medidas como el uso de mascarillas, gorro y guantes para prevenir la contaminación de los alimentos.
The document summarizes the history and development of antihistamines for treating allergic rhinitis and histamine-induced wheals. It discusses the different types of histamine receptors (H1, H2, H3, H4) and their functions. It then outlines the evolution of various antihistamines from early sedating 1st generation drugs to newer 2nd and 3rd generation non-sedating drugs like levocetirizine. The optimal properties of antihistamines and pharmacokinetic profiles of select antihistamines are also compared.
The aetiology, epidemiology, and investigative management of herpes zoster (shingles). The patient details have been changed and anonymised to protect the identity of the individual.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para configurar y monitorear una campaña publicitaria en Twitter. Explica los 6 pasos clave: 1) acceder a la plataforma de publicidad de Twitter, 2) definir objetivos, 3) optimizar el perfil de Twitter, 4) configurar la campaña, 5) pagar la campaña, y 6) monitorear la campaña. También describe cómo configurar campañas de cuentas promocionadas y tweets promocionados, incluida la selección de objetivos, público, presupuesto y métricas para
This document discusses network security and related concepts. It begins by defining network security as activities designed to protect network safety and data by managing access through hardware and software technologies. It then explains that network security works by combining multiple defense layers at the edge and in the network to execute policies and controls while authorizing users and blocking threats. Finally, it outlines how network security benefits users by protecting proprietary information, providing authentication and access control for resources, and guaranteeing availability.
This document contains log sheets and reporting guidelines for architecture internships. It provides student and supervisor contact information. The responsibilities of students are outlined, including using the internship to broaden their knowledge and seeking opportunities to supplement deficient experience. Guidelines are provided for recording internship experience in log sheets on a weekly basis and submitting a final report. The required contents and format of the report are also specified.
This document discusses planning tools that can help guide organizational implementation efforts. It describes seven specific tools: affinity diagram, interrelationship diagram, tree diagram, prioritization matrix, matrix diagram, process decision program chart, and activity network diagram. For each tool, it provides a brief definition and example use case. The benefits of using these proven planning tools are that they can help complete tasks more quickly and easily compared to ad-hoc methods, reduce unnecessary analysis, guide users to success, and provide standardized techniques that gain acceptance.
1. process mapping is a critical part of the define and measure phabhi353063
1. Process mapping is a critical part of the Define and Measure phases of continuous improvement projects. It provides a visual representation of how a process works which allows teams to identify areas for improvement.
2. Statistics and probability play an important role in continuous improvement projects through data analysis. They help establish models to determine the capabilities of processes and make informed decisions with limited data. Statistical evaluation is used to identify improvements based on sample data and probability distributions.
Irs intro unit 2 irs overview usfs ip (1)neeraj verma
The document provides an overview of the Incident Response System (IRS). The IRS is a standardized incident management tool that is modular, compatible with complex incidents, and uses an integrated organizational structure. It aims to ensure responder safety, achieve tactical objectives efficiently, and coordinate multi-agency response efforts. The IRS model is based on recommendations from an Indian disaster committee and adapted from the Incident Command System used internationally. It is meant to address challenges with India's disaster response such as unclear lines of authority and a lack of coordinated resource management.
A Software Environment For The Design Of Organizational StructuresAllison Thompson
This document describes a software environment for designing organizational structures. The software allows analysts to model missions, synthesize organizational hierarchies, and evaluate performance. It uses a 3-phase process to optimize task-resource allocation, group resources into decision-making nodes, and build the organizational structure. The software is flexible, allows natural input of mission parameters and constraints, and has a modular structure to facilitate development. It aims to help analysts design organizational structures for complex missions.
This document discusses risks associated with enterprise resource planning (ERP) projects. It begins by explaining that ERP projects represent large investments for organizations and present new challenges compared to traditional IT projects. The document then reviews literature on risk factors for IT projects, including issues related to organizational fit, skills, management, software design, user involvement, and technology. It identifies some unique risks of ERP projects as re-engineering business processes, investing in new skills, using external consultants, and technological bottlenecks. The summary concludes that case studies highlight challenges of ERP projects include recruiting staff with both business and technical skills.
This document discusses human supervisory control in advanced manufacturing systems (AMS). It defines supervisory control as human operators programming and receiving information from a computer connected to controlled processes. The key functions of supervisory control are identified as plan, teach, monitor, intervene, and learn. Determinants of multitasking performance in AMS are discussed, including scheduling, switching, confusion, cooperation and limited processing resources. The multiple resources theory, which proposes three dimensions (stages, input modality, processing codes) along which resources can be allocated, is presented as explaining multitasking performance better than the single resource theory.
Eva Vasileska is an architect from Macedonia who has studied and worked in Slovenia. She has completed several studio projects during her studies focusing on typologies like housing, schools, and urban design. Her work explores relationships between spatial layout and social factors using tools like space syntax analysis. She is interested in architecture that can change and adapt based on user needs through collaborative design processes.
El documento describe dos populares juegos MMORPG, Lineage II y World of Warcraft. Lineage II es una secuela de 150 años del juego Lineage que se volvió muy popular en Corea del Sur y a nivel mundial, utilizando gráficos 3D avanzados. World of Warcraft es un juego de rol multijugador masivo en línea desarrollado por Blizzard Entertainment, ubicado cuatro años después de los eventos de Warcraft III en el mundo de Azeroth.
Este documento describe el bullying y el cyberbullying. Define el bullying como actos agresivos repetidos contra una víctima que no puede defenderse. Explica que hay dos formas de bullying: directo e indirecto. También describe cómo afecta el bullying a las víctimas física y psicológicamente. Define el cyberbullying como una forma de acoso verbal y escrito a través de medios electrónicos que puede ocurrir en cualquier momento. Finalmente, destaca siete diferencias clave entre el bullying tradicional y el cyberbullying.
Using GIS to Develop an Efficient Spatio-temporal Task Allocation Algorithm t...Reza Nourjou, Ph.D.
Using GIS to Develop an Efficient Spatio-temporal Task Allocation Algorithm to Human Groups in an Entirely Dynamic Environment Case Study: Earthquake Rescue Teams
Enterprise Agile Coaches are System ThinkerChandan Patary
How Agile coaches are different from Enterprise Agile coaches? Why we need to know systems thinking for scaling agile at enterprise level agile transformation.
El documento describe las principales redes sociales como Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp e Instagram, y discute sus ventajas y desventajas. Señala que las redes sociales permiten una comunicación más rápida y acceso a información, pero también pueden generar adicción, distracción de otras responsabilidades, y pérdida de privacidad. El documento enfatiza la importancia de un uso consciente y responsable de las redes sociales.
Este documento trata sobre la higiene de los alimentos. Explica que la higiene personal del manipulador de alimentos es fundamental para obtener alimentos seguros, incluyendo el lavado frecuente y correcto de manos. También describe medidas como el uso de mascarillas, gorro y guantes para prevenir la contaminación de los alimentos.
The document summarizes the history and development of antihistamines for treating allergic rhinitis and histamine-induced wheals. It discusses the different types of histamine receptors (H1, H2, H3, H4) and their functions. It then outlines the evolution of various antihistamines from early sedating 1st generation drugs to newer 2nd and 3rd generation non-sedating drugs like levocetirizine. The optimal properties of antihistamines and pharmacokinetic profiles of select antihistamines are also compared.
The aetiology, epidemiology, and investigative management of herpes zoster (shingles). The patient details have been changed and anonymised to protect the identity of the individual.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para configurar y monitorear una campaña publicitaria en Twitter. Explica los 6 pasos clave: 1) acceder a la plataforma de publicidad de Twitter, 2) definir objetivos, 3) optimizar el perfil de Twitter, 4) configurar la campaña, 5) pagar la campaña, y 6) monitorear la campaña. También describe cómo configurar campañas de cuentas promocionadas y tweets promocionados, incluida la selección de objetivos, público, presupuesto y métricas para
This document discusses network security and related concepts. It begins by defining network security as activities designed to protect network safety and data by managing access through hardware and software technologies. It then explains that network security works by combining multiple defense layers at the edge and in the network to execute policies and controls while authorizing users and blocking threats. Finally, it outlines how network security benefits users by protecting proprietary information, providing authentication and access control for resources, and guaranteeing availability.
This document contains log sheets and reporting guidelines for architecture internships. It provides student and supervisor contact information. The responsibilities of students are outlined, including using the internship to broaden their knowledge and seeking opportunities to supplement deficient experience. Guidelines are provided for recording internship experience in log sheets on a weekly basis and submitting a final report. The required contents and format of the report are also specified.
This document discusses planning tools that can help guide organizational implementation efforts. It describes seven specific tools: affinity diagram, interrelationship diagram, tree diagram, prioritization matrix, matrix diagram, process decision program chart, and activity network diagram. For each tool, it provides a brief definition and example use case. The benefits of using these proven planning tools are that they can help complete tasks more quickly and easily compared to ad-hoc methods, reduce unnecessary analysis, guide users to success, and provide standardized techniques that gain acceptance.
1. process mapping is a critical part of the define and measure phabhi353063
1. Process mapping is a critical part of the Define and Measure phases of continuous improvement projects. It provides a visual representation of how a process works which allows teams to identify areas for improvement.
2. Statistics and probability play an important role in continuous improvement projects through data analysis. They help establish models to determine the capabilities of processes and make informed decisions with limited data. Statistical evaluation is used to identify improvements based on sample data and probability distributions.
Irs intro unit 2 irs overview usfs ip (1)neeraj verma
The document provides an overview of the Incident Response System (IRS). The IRS is a standardized incident management tool that is modular, compatible with complex incidents, and uses an integrated organizational structure. It aims to ensure responder safety, achieve tactical objectives efficiently, and coordinate multi-agency response efforts. The IRS model is based on recommendations from an Indian disaster committee and adapted from the Incident Command System used internationally. It is meant to address challenges with India's disaster response such as unclear lines of authority and a lack of coordinated resource management.
A Software Environment For The Design Of Organizational StructuresAllison Thompson
This document describes a software environment for designing organizational structures. The software allows analysts to model missions, synthesize organizational hierarchies, and evaluate performance. It uses a 3-phase process to optimize task-resource allocation, group resources into decision-making nodes, and build the organizational structure. The software is flexible, allows natural input of mission parameters and constraints, and has a modular structure to facilitate development. It aims to help analysts design organizational structures for complex missions.
This document discusses risks associated with enterprise resource planning (ERP) projects. It begins by explaining that ERP projects represent large investments for organizations and present new challenges compared to traditional IT projects. The document then reviews literature on risk factors for IT projects, including issues related to organizational fit, skills, management, software design, user involvement, and technology. It identifies some unique risks of ERP projects as re-engineering business processes, investing in new skills, using external consultants, and technological bottlenecks. The summary concludes that case studies highlight challenges of ERP projects include recruiting staff with both business and technical skills.
This document discusses human supervisory control in advanced manufacturing systems (AMS). It defines supervisory control as human operators programming and receiving information from a computer connected to controlled processes. The key functions of supervisory control are identified as plan, teach, monitor, intervene, and learn. Determinants of multitasking performance in AMS are discussed, including scheduling, switching, confusion, cooperation and limited processing resources. The multiple resources theory, which proposes three dimensions (stages, input modality, processing codes) along which resources can be allocated, is presented as explaining multitasking performance better than the single resource theory.
The document discusses applying the PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) method to plan for evacuating people during a crisis situation. It describes dividing the evacuation process into sub-activities, estimating durations, and constructing a network graph to show logical relationships and determine critical paths. The PERT method was applied using Microsoft Project to plan an evacuation and interpret results, demonstrating how network analysis methods can help with crisis planning.
The document discusses the impact of information systems management on the effectiveness of human resources. It begins by defining management information systems and their basic functions. It then discusses human resources, their functions, and previous related research. The study aims to test the relationship between dimensions of information systems and human resource effectiveness. A questionnaire was administered to employees at a technical institute to analyze the impact. The results showed a positive correlation and significant influence of information systems on human resource effectiveness. The study concludes that information systems are an important tool for management decision-making and human resource development when applied appropriately for an organization. It recommends training employees on information systems and linking evaluation and rewards to the systems' data.
Success Factors for Enterprise Systems in the Higher Education Sector: A Case...inventionjournals
This document summarizes literature on critical success factors for implementing enterprise systems in higher education. It finds that while many studies have identified success factors for commercial sectors, the unique characteristics of higher education including decentralized structures, non-uniform cultures, and focus on teaching and research rather than business processes, suggest a more specialized set of factors may apply. The document reviews literature on challenges implementing enterprise systems in higher education due to misalignment with academic culture. It then presents a case study of a large Australian university to determine which proposed critical success factors are most relevant for successful enterprise system deployment in higher education.
Disaster Recovery Planning: untapped Success Factor in an Organizationvishal dineshkumar soni
The disaster recovery planning forms to be an important component of any organization to overcome unplanned adversity. To function the successful organization or business model, the structuring of different sectors plays an important role and disaster planning becomes one such core element. Well before the catastrophic event occurs, an organized planned disaster management strategy can overcome the unexpected event and help to recover. In most organization, are equipped with the latest technological fronts but lacks disaster recovery plan management which may often lead to crisis. Even in the current scenario, where a large number of unexpected events are encountered, scanty measures are being implemented to equipped with disaster recovery plan management. Hence, based on these facts, the present study emphasis, the importance, components, and planning strategies of disaster recovery. Though a large number of reports highlight the structuring and functioning of an organization, only small studies have shed light on the presented topic which became the subject of investigation and study in this minireview
SUITABILITY OF SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE FOR SOLVING GIS PROBLEMSijait
Nowadays spatial data is becoming as a key element for effective planning and decision making in all aspects of societies. Spatial data are those data which are related to the features on the ground. In this way, a Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system that captures, analyzes, and manages any spatially referenced data. This paper analyzes the architecture and main features of Geographic Information Systems and aims at discussing some important problems emerged in the research of applying GIS in the organizations. It focuses on some of them such as lack of interoperability, agility and business alignment. We explain that SOA as a service oriented software architecture model can support the transformation of geographic information software from "system and function" to "service and application" and as the best practice of the architectural concepts can increase business alignment in the enterprise applications.
Application Procedures and Practices Futures Human Resource PlanningINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The most effective element of human resource development and organization of their most valuable asset is of very high importance of the human resource planning and extension and improvement of the level of complexity on the other hand, the progress, the amazing growth of technology, communications, and changes in the period and the emergence of new current problems in the international community, planning methods based on predictions somewhat dumb enough to not seem unreasonable and meet the real needs of the micro and macro levels is not.The inability to accurately predict the future and the growing complexity of the changes made The researchers took advantage of the capabilities and benefits of futures and fixed as it is necessary for planning and forecasting of scientific developments and the political, military, technology, consider.Future research into the human ability to imagine a future issue are considered and makes progress.Future studies, systematic process to identify opportunities and future needs, and to assist major organizations in making decisions, so future studies approach quickly spread among the communities and organizations and special place different areas of science, so in this article has been tried and tested techniques and methods of futures research and application of each of these methods in the field of human resource planning, which can be crucial in the development and promotion organization is explained and described.
Factors Affecting Risk Management For Construction By Analytic Hierarchy Proc...A Makwana
Orderly hazard administration is expecting the unforeseen – it is a device which controls chances in development ventures. Its goal is to present a straightforward, handy technique for recognizing, evaluating, checking and overseeing hazard in an educated and organized way. It gives direction to executing a hazard control procedure that is suitable to control development extends at all levels. This paper will audit orderly administration ways to deal with hazard.The aim of this study is to get the latest information and to identify the key factors that affect risk of construction project. Data’s are collected through questionnaires and distributed to respondents who work at various projects in wide area of Gujarat. The respondents were selected from various construction occupancy mainly Architects, Consultants, Contractors. Analysis of collected data is done by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Project Risk management is an integral part for business survival. This research paper focuses on determining project risk factors using genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic base on the demerits of conventional approaches. Genetic algorithm help optimise the parameters data items while fuzzy logic handle imprecisions. Unified Modelling Language was utilized for modelling the software system, depicting clearly the interaction between various components and the dynamic aspect of the system. This paper demonstrates the practical application of metric based soft computing techniques in the health sector in determining patient’s satisfaction
Disaster preparedness is a very vital aspect of any organization or even an individual in any community (Academic Papers on Porter’s Strategy, n.d.). According to Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP), its major objective is provision of guiding principles that have a common response in addressing programs management, evaluation, improving planning, designing and planning of mitigation measures
The document discusses managing order batching issues in supply chain management using a multi-agent system. It first provides background on multi-agent systems and their advantages over centralized systems, such as being able to solve problems that are too large or complex for a single agent. It then discusses how a multi-agent system can be used to handle the order batching problem in supply chain management, which is a major cause of the bullwhip effect that negatively impacts supply chain performance. The proposed system uses intelligent agents to maintain information related to order batching issues and make decisions to manage order batching.
Analysis of Agile and Multi-Agent Based Process Scheduling Modelirjes
As an answer of long growing frustration of waterfall Software development life cycle concepts,
agile software development concept was evolved in 90’s. The most popular agile methodologies is the Extreme
Programming (XP). Most software companies nowadays aim to produce efficient, flexible and valuable
Software in short time period with minimal costs, and within unstable, changing environments. This complex
problem can be modeled as a multi-agent based system, where agents negotiate resources. Agents can be used to
represent projects and resources. Crucial for the multi-agent based system in project scheduling model, is the
availability of an effective algorithm for prioritizing and scheduling of task. To evaluate the models, simulations
were carried out with real life and several generated data sets. The developed model (Multi-agent based System)
provides an optimized and flexible agile process scheduling and reduces overheads in the software process as it
responds quickly to changing requirements without excessive work in project scheduling.
Similar to Analyze the Action Planning Problem in Disaster Responder Teams (20)
Reza Nourjou has successfully passed the requirements for the Microsoft Certified: Azure AI Fundamentals certification. The certification was earned on June 14, 2022 and includes a credential ID and certification number that can be used to verify it online.
Reza Nourjou has been certified as a Microsoft Azure Developer Associate by successfully completing the requirements. The certification is valid until January 11, 2023 and was achieved on January 11, 2022, as confirmed by Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft.
Certification of Professional Scrum Product Owner (PSPO I)Reza Nourjou, Ph.D.
This document provides information about an individual who obtained a certification from Scrum.org. Reza Nourjou received the certification on June 8, 2020 and their unique identification number for the certification is 542845. The document contains basic details about an individual earning a Scrum certification from the Scrum.org organization.
This document certifies that Reza Nourjou successfully completed the requirements for TOGAF 9 Certification at the Certified level on June 2, 2020, with certification number 144425, as verified by Steve Nunn, President and CEO of The Open Group.
Reza Nourjou has been certified at the TOGAF 9 Foundation level by The Open Group as of May 19, 2020, as evidenced by certification number 144425. The Open Group certifies individuals who meet requirements of the TOGAF 9 Certification for People program at the Foundation level, and maintains a public certification register on its website.
This document provides information about an individual who obtained a certification from Scrum.org. Reza Nourjou received the certification on April 19, 2020 and their unique identification number for the certification is 525971. The document relates to an individual achieving a scrum certification from the organization Scrum.org.
Satya Nadella, Chief Executive Officer of Microsoft, has been certified as a Microsoft Certified: Azure Fundamentals. He successfully completed the requirements for this certification on March 01, 2020. His certification number for this achievement is H375-3302.
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Analyze the Action Planning Problem in Disaster Responder Teams
1. Analyze the Action Planning Problem in Disaster Responder Teams
Reza NOURJOU(1)
and Michinori HATAYAMA
(1) Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University
Synopsis
Strategic planning of activities of field units (agents) is a critical mechanism for
coordination of agents by the top level of a disaster response team. Because of
significance of strategic action planning (SAP) in efficient disaster emergency response,
it is important to analyze the SAP problem in order to support development of proper
approaches for SAP. The contribution of this paper is a model of the SAP problem that
presents several dimensions of this problem including the problem domain, geographic
information, geospatial-temporal macro tasks, strategic action planning, strategic action
scheduling, and disaster emergency response team.
Keywords: analyze, strategic planning & scheduling, coordination, incident commander,
disaster emergency response
1. Introduction
Review of the past disasters/crisis recognizes
the importance of efficient emergency response.
Urban search & rescue (USAR) are considered as
the major part of disaster emergency response
operations that their objective is to reduce number
of fatalities in the first few days after disaster
(Fiedrich et al., 2000). Emergency response teams
are responsible for doing all operations in the area.
Effective coordination is an essential issue for
emergency response management (Chen et al.,
2008). Actions coordination is necessary to manage
disasters and emergencies. Variants in a disaster
originate from hazard uncertainty; uncertainty as to
the course of incident development; informational
uncertainty; task flow uncertainty (whether
sequential, consequential, or cascading);
organizational structure uncertainty; and
environmental uncertainty. Due to these factors,
coordination of emergency response is difficult to
achieve (Chen et al., 2007).
In the coordination theory, coordination is the act of
managing interdependencies among activities
performed to achieve a goal (Malone et al., 1994).
Coordination in emergency response management
includes management of task flow (tasks and
interdependent relationships), recourse, information,
decision, and responder (Chen et al., 2008).
Inefficient coordination results in “idle” agents or
“redundant” actions that make duration of USAR
operation longer.
Planning and scheduling are considered two major
coordination mechanisms /processes for managing
task dependencies and managing shared resources.
Crisis response systems should utilize planning,
scheduling, task allocation, and resource
management tools to help in formulating crisis
management plans and tracking (Khalil et al., 2009),
(Jain et al., 2003). An approach to coordination in
agent-based systems is to engage the agents in
multi-agent planning by central multi-agent
planning and distributed multi-agent planning
(Nwana et al., 1996).
京都大学防災研究所年報 第 56 号 B 平成 25 年 6 月
Annuals of Disas. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., No. 56 B, 2013
― 37 ―
2. Strategic planning is an important coordination
process for managing tasks relationships by
objectives (goal selection and goal decomposition)
and grouping people into units. In the organization
theory, strategic management consists of four basic
elements: environmental scanning, strategy
formulation, strategy implementation, and
evaluation and control in order to achieve
organizational objectives (Hunger et al., 2003). It is
important to establish a strategic planning module
in the multi-incident response management system
to oversee the individual responses and to propose
the overall objectives and strategies of multiple
incident responses.
The incident action planning function is central
to the incident command system (ICS) (Buck et al.,
2006), (Bigley et al., 2001). The ICS is a top-down
approach that applies strategic/macro planning for
coordination of actions of operational unites. The
NIMS’ ICS system makes an incident action plan in
five phases: 1) understand the situation, 2) establish
incident objectives (priorities, objectives, strategies,
tactics/tasks), 3) develop an action plan, 4) prepare
and disseminate the plan, 5) continually execute,
evaluate, and revise the plan (FEMA, 2006).
A team is a hierarchical organization that
essentially includes two levels: the top level and
down level. An IC as a human planner is located at
the top node in the hierarchy that his or her
important role is to make macro / strategic action
plans and schedules for agents’ actions. Fig. 1
shows the structure of a team and characteristics of
two levels.
Consequently, in a team, SAP is an import
process/mechanism to coordinate actions of agents
in achieving team’s goals in a minimum time during
disaster/crisis response. SAP aims to make strategic
plans & schedules of actions of agents by the top
level of the team for coordination of tasks flow and
shared recourse (agents) during crisis/disaster
response. Made decisions as macro decisions
constrain and limit the domain of activities of
agents in the down level in time, space, goal-types
etc. Because of the important of SAP in a team,
it is necessary to apply an appropriate intelligent
system as an ideal approach for SAP.
However, several approaches which most of
them are based on the multiagent systems have been
developed for coordination of disaster/crisis
emergency response, unfortunately they do not
address the SaP2 adequately and completely.
Thus they do not provide appropriate approaches
for SAP. They only address a subset of the
dimensions of the SaP2.
According to the SaP2, limitation and caps
identified in the related works are classified into
four categories. First one is that they are automated
planning systems that do not let human planners
(ICs) be involved in strategic action planning.
These systems are not mixed with human’s intuition
and do not collaborate with human for SAP. The
main obstacle is scale as it is currently infeasible
for a fully automated system to effectively reason
about all the possible futures that may arise during
execution of tasks in a complex environment
(Maheswaran et al., 2010). Mixed-initiative
planning systems are systems in which humans and
software/agent collaborate in the development and
management of plans by providing capabilities each
one does best (Burstein et al., 1996). In general,
they can often produce better solutions for complex
problems. Humans are still better at formulating the
planning tasks, collecting and circumscribing the
relevant information, supplying estimates for
uncertain factors, and various forms of visual or
spatial reasoning that can be critical for many
planning tasks. Machines are better at systematic
searches of the spaces of possible plans for
well-defined tasks, and in solving problems
governed by large numbers of interacting
constraints. Second cap is that decisions, which are
made by these systems, are tactical ones that only
concern the micro level and exactly specify actions
of agents. Actually, it is impossible for high-level
strategic action plan & schedule to fully specify
detailed actions of agents at the down level. Using
strategic action plans & schedules, the top level
constrains the behaviors of agent at the down level.
Fig. 1 the structure of a team
― 38 ―
3. Third deficiency is that the related works are not
integrated with geographic information and neglect
the importance of geographic information in SAP.
SaP2 requires geographic information systems
(GIS). GIS provide sufficient tools for the IC to
analyze, visualize, and manage geographic and
location-based information (Johnson, 2000),
(Fuhrmann et al., 2008). Last limitation is that
micro tasks are used to make a global view of the
whole SaP2 while the top level (IC) does not access
to micro tasks information. ICs have inaccessible,
global, and uncertain information of the state of
whole tasks environment, but agents have direct,
complete, and accurate information about their local
environment's state and tasks. With regard to the
limitations addressed in previous works, it is
necessary to propose and develop intelligent
systems to collaborate with ICS to make
strategic/macro action plans & schedules of agents
with regard to macro tasks information and
geographic information.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the
SsP2 in order to support development of an ideal
intelligent system for SAP. The data model is one
of the most critical tasks in the entire systems
development process (Moody et al., 2003). The data
model is a major determinant of system
development costs, system flexibility, integration
with other systems and the ability of the system to
meet user requirements. A data model presents
elements of a problem, their properties, and
relationship and interaction among these elements.
Two research questions arise in this paper. What is
a SaP2? What is the SaP2 data model?
Because of the importance of SaP2 data
modeling and limitations addressed in related works,
the objective of this paper is to analyze the SaP2.
The contribution of this paper is a model of the
SAP problem that presents several dimensions of
this problem. Those include the problem domain,
geographic information, geospatial-temporal macro
tasks, strategic action planning, strategic action
scheduling, and disaster emergency response team.
2. Analyze the SaP2
The goal of this section is to understand the
SaP2 and assess requirements of ICs for SAP. This
problem is studied and analyzed from six
dimensions.
2.1. The problem domain
USAR is the problem domain chose by this
paper because of its major role in earthquake
disaster response. The global goal of USAR
operation is to rescue the greatest number of people
who are trapped under the debris of damaged
buildings in the shortest amount of time.
USAR tasks involves a sequence of dependent
tasks: (1) reconnaissance and assessment by
collecting information on the extent of damage; (2)
search and locate victims trapped in collapsed
structures; and (3) extract and rescue trapped
victims; and (4) transport/dispatch injured survivors
to hospitals or refuges. Rescue tasks, also,
themselves are classifies into three categories: light
rescue, medium rescue, and heavy rescue. In
addition, there are other supporting tasks such as
road-clearing tasks and fire-fighting tasks that
facilitate and support USAR tasks.
To save a person, it is necessary to define a set
of the USAR tasks. Sometimes several persons are
trapped by a destroyed building. USAR tasks are
location-based entities that are distributed in an
extensive geographical area.
To accomplish each task needs a considering
duration and a specific capability or several
synchronous capabilities. Capability requirements
determine what agents are allowed to to do what
tasks.
In this domain, coordination is managing task
flow. The “Enabling” dependency between tasks
specifies that when a task is done completely, it
makes possibility of performing another dependent
task. In other words, time that a disenabled task
gets enabled is dependent to the finishing time of a
task that makes it enabled or released. For example,
the rescue of a trapped person is dependent to the
search of that person.
2.2. Disaster emergency response team
A variety of responsible or supporting teams are
involved in disaster emergency response and crisis
management such as Red Crescent Society rapid
response teams, INSARAG teams, volunteer teams,
fire-fighting teams, medical services, or
― 39 ―
4. road-clearing bulldozers. A team is essentially
composed of an IC in the top level of the team and
several agents (field units) in the down level. They
cooperate with each other to achieve objectives of
the team.
2.2.1. Agents
Operational or field units/personals of the team
are considered geospatial, mobile, and
semiautonomous agents that are distributed in a
geographic area. Their main role is to do tasks
using their capabilities in the operational area.
Agents may possess heterogeneous capabilities
that allow them to engage in doing tasks for which
they can provide required capability. Moreover,
agents execute their capabilities with different
speed. They are categorized according their
capabilities and performance into several agent
types: (1) “Reconnaissance”, (2) “Canine Search”,
(3) “Electronic Search”, (4) “light Rescue”, (5)
“Medium Rescue”, (6) “Heavy Rescue”, (7)
volunteer etc.
Agents are required to coordinate their actions
with each other for three reasons. First reason is to
manage interdependencies among actions of agents
because of dependency relationships between tasks.
Second one is to manage redundant actions for
doing joint tasks. Third reason is to manage agents
as shared resources which are assigned to
time-consuming tasks. Efficient coordination
minimizes the operation time in which all tasks are
accomplished.
2.2.2. Incident commander
An IC is a human planner who is located at the
top node in the hierarchy of the team. His or her
main role is to plan and schedule actions of agents
for coordination of disaster response management.
Fig. 2 shows the activity diagram of an IC in a team
regarding SAP.
The IC has inaccessible, global, and uncertain
information about the environment’s state. His
perception/observation of disaster situation is
global that is different with agents’ perception of
their local environment.
2.3. Geographic information
The problem domain is done in a geographical
environment which includes different geographic
layers such as buildings, city blocks, road network,
etc. Each layer is composed of geographic objects.
These layers provide base layers to which to
geo-locate tasks information, agents, strategic
action plan and schedule information.
There are topological relationships between
spatial objects of geographic layers (Egenhofer et
al., 1991) e.g. each building is contained within a
specific city block while that building is adjacent to
a certain road segment.
2.4. Strategic action planning
The goal of SAP is to coordinate agents of a
team by the IC of the team using global vision
which he has from the problem.
The concept of SAP proposed by this paper is close
to incident action planning process (Hunger et al.,
2003), (FEMA, 2006). An incident action plan
(IAP) It is built by an incident command system on
five phases: (1) Understand the situation; (2)
Establish incident/response objectives (priorities,
Fig. 2 The activity diagram of an incident
commander in a team
― 40 ―
5. objectives, strategies, tactics, tasks, and work
assignments); (3) Develop the plan; (4) Prepare and
disseminate the plan; (5) Execute, evaluate, and
revise the plan.
SAP assigns/allocates a subset of agents to a
subset of GTM tasks. SAP includes two phases: (1)
to specify human high-level strategy guidance and
(2) to execute and adapt the specified strategy
(Maheswaran et al., 2010).
A strategic action plan constrains and limits
behaviors and actions of agents. It is obvious that a
strategic action plan strongly influences
performance of the team. IC, so, plays a major role
in defining good strategy, smartly executing
strategies, monitoring the situation, and refining
and adjusting strategies to adapt crisis situation.
2.4.1 Human high-level strategy guidance
High-level strategy guidance enables an IC as a
human planner to express and encode his or her
intuition for SAP.
A strategy is composed of a set of parallel
threads which are prioritized from high to low
according to their importance. Furthermore, threads
can operate in parallel during execution based on
agent availability. A thread, itself, is composed of a
unique ranking, a sub-team (a subset of agents), a
sub-objectives (a subset of task types), and
sub-locations (a subset of geographic objects).
Agents may engage in several threads because of
restricted resources.
A strategy decomposes a difficult and complex
problem into simpler problems that can be solved
by traditional AI techniques and automated systems.
In another word, high-level strategy guidance
partitions and decomposes the whole problem space
into a set of small problems under human
supervision. Decomposition of a coordination
problem into some threads generates two new types
of interdependency among threads: 1) agents who
are shared among threads and 2) “enabling”
dependencies that are formed among GTM tasks of
threads.
2.4.2 Strategic action plan
A strategic action plan is the problem of
appropriate assignments of agents to threads in a
definite time. Because agents are shared among
threads, an agent should be allocated to only one
thread in a time. As a result, it is necessary for the
IC to dynamically execute the specified strategy
and adapt the made strategic plan regarding new
disaster situation and availability of agents by
optimally assigning agents to threads or smartly
releasing agents from their thread into the next
thread.
Assignment of a specific thread to a specific
agent forces that agent to adapt his behaviors and
actions regarding the thread definition. The made
strategic plan will be sent from operation center
(incident command post) to each agents so that they
can make their own tactical plan/decision for
distributed multiagent coordination for doing tasks
in the tactical level.
2.5. Strategic action scheduling
The SaP2, moreover, includes strategic action
scheduling to estimate operation time (makespan)
and assign (allocate) agents to time-consuming
GTM tasks according to the made strategic action
plan. Strategic action scheduling does not fully
schedule detailed actions of agents for doing tasks
in the tactical level.
The structure of a strategic action schedule
contains assignment (allocation) information as
follows: (1) location (geographic object) of the
GTM task; (2) task type of the macro task; (3) start
time; (4) finish time; (5) amount of tasks which are
going to be done during this duration; (6) a set of
agents who are assigned to this schedule; and (7)
amount of dependent tasks which will be
released/discovered within this location. The key
point is that strategic action scheduling can be
applied to different geographic layers.
Because of the geospatial, temporal, and macro
aspects of tasks, strategic action scheduling takes
into account eight rules. (1) More than one agent
can be assigned to a GTM task, in fact, assigned
agents form a coalition to execute this decision
cooperatively; (2) Assignments are dynamic. It
means that over time, new agents can join the
coalition which have been scheduled for the GTM
task; (3) Agents assigned to a GTM task are kept
for that task until all task are accomplished; (4)
Scheduling should follow the made action strategic
plan; (5) Agents need a considering amount of
― 41 ―
6. travel time to reach a GTM task by moving from
one point to another via the road network; (6)
heterogeneous agents provides different capabilities
which are required for heterogeneous tasks; (7) A
coalition formed by many and professional agents
can do a GTM task faster than another coalition; (8)
GTM tasks may have a dynamical number of
enabled tasks and a dynamical number of
disenabled tasks because some agents may
complete some tasks while other agents may release
new tasks.
2.6. Geospatial-temporal macro tasks
Macro tasks information forms the global
view/perception of ICs from the tasks environment.
A macro task is the accumulation of all tasks
(enabled tasks and disenabled tasks) that are from a
same task type and are spatially contained within a
specific geographic object in a definite time.
Topological relationships between geographic
objects enable the ICs to extract and present macro
tasks information for different geographic layers.
A macro task indicates the total number of
capability requirement for doing a set of
homogenous tasks. It gives an estimation of number
of required teams and an estimation of operation
duration.
Because of the temporal environment, the
enabled amount and the disenabled mount of macro
tasks vary over time. It leads to a series of discrete
temporal macro tasks.
Four sources generate tasks information: 1)
estimate and forecast, 2) observe and gather tasks
data directly, 3) information shared by other teams,
and 4) fuse and integrate information.
Macro tasks have the “enabling” dependency
among themselves in the USAR problem domain.
Fig. 3 shows a task flow of six GTM tasks which
are defined for a geographic object. It is clear for
e.g. both “Reconnaissance” enabled tasks and
“Reconnaissance” disenabled tasks can release and
discover “Search” tasks which are disenabled.
3. Result
Fig. 4 shows characteristic of the SaP2 problem.
The contribution of this paper is a model of the SAP
problem that presents several dimensions of this
problem including the problem domain, geographic
information, geospatial-temporal macro tasks,
strategic action planning, strategic action
scheduling, and disaster emergency response team
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