Addressing the argument that Florida is unfairly represented in the Dangerous by Design reports due to the census misrepresenting actual walking rates.
This document summarizes a study that mapped same-sex couple concentrations in Portland, Oregon using 2000 and 2010 Census data. The researchers found clusters of same-sex couples in northeast and southeast Portland in 2000 that dispersed somewhat by 2010, with increased presence in north Portland. Median household income increased between 2000-2010, correlated with some dispersal of same-sex couple clusters. Further analysis of neighborhood characteristics and LGBT business patterns over time could provide insights but are limited by Census data constraints.
Learn English Online through The Tutor PathTutor Path
The Tutor Path offers online tuition and courses for different English Language exams such as IELTS and other school level tests and exams. We have a proven record of success in exams such as IELTS, etc.
온라인 리서치 리서치패널에지아코리아가 운영하는 패널나우(www.panelnow.co.kr)에서 지난 4월 한 주간 10대 남학생 회원 487명을 대상으로 “10대 남학생의 이성관계”를 묻는 설문조사를 진행한 결과보고서이다.
본 조사를 실행한 리서치패널에이지아코리아는 한국, 중국, 일본, 대만, 홍콩 싱가포르, 인도네시아, 베트남 전체 약 300만 명의 온라인 조사 패널을 보유한 ResearchPanelAsia(www.researchpanelasia.com)의 한국법인으로 한국에는 약 30만 명의 패널을 보유하고 있다. 설문조사 응답에 따라 포인트가 적립되며, 적립된 포인트로 굿네이버스에 기부도 가능하다.
Vantaa Vocational College Varia is a vocational college located in Vantaa, Finland. It was founded in 1963 and is owned by the City of Vantaa. The college has 4,000 students, including 3,000 young students and 1,000 adult students. It has 320 staff members and six departments across four locations in Vantaa. The college's budget is 33 million euros. It provides vocational education and training programs across various departments, including technology, culture, social and health care, transportation, and electrical engineering. The college aims to offer all young people under age 25 a job, work trial, study place, or rehabilitation within three months of becoming unemployed through Finland's Youth Guarantee
This document reviews transportation and infrastructure improvements as a strategy for urban revitalization. It discusses how transportation projects are implemented in public spaces and often precede private redevelopment. Case studies of projects in Atlanta and Fort Lauderdale show how improvements to walkability, transit access, and aesthetics can spur redevelopment. Success is measured through metrics like increased density, mobility, and livability. Transportation investments can effectively encourage economic development when planned and executed as part of a comprehensive revitalization strategy.
This document summarizes a study that mapped same-sex couple concentrations in Portland, Oregon using 2000 and 2010 Census data. The researchers found clusters of same-sex couples in northeast and southeast Portland in 2000 that dispersed somewhat by 2010, with increased presence in north Portland. Median household income increased between 2000-2010, correlated with some dispersal of same-sex couple clusters. Further analysis of neighborhood characteristics and LGBT business patterns over time could provide insights but are limited by Census data constraints.
Learn English Online through The Tutor PathTutor Path
The Tutor Path offers online tuition and courses for different English Language exams such as IELTS and other school level tests and exams. We have a proven record of success in exams such as IELTS, etc.
온라인 리서치 리서치패널에지아코리아가 운영하는 패널나우(www.panelnow.co.kr)에서 지난 4월 한 주간 10대 남학생 회원 487명을 대상으로 “10대 남학생의 이성관계”를 묻는 설문조사를 진행한 결과보고서이다.
본 조사를 실행한 리서치패널에이지아코리아는 한국, 중국, 일본, 대만, 홍콩 싱가포르, 인도네시아, 베트남 전체 약 300만 명의 온라인 조사 패널을 보유한 ResearchPanelAsia(www.researchpanelasia.com)의 한국법인으로 한국에는 약 30만 명의 패널을 보유하고 있다. 설문조사 응답에 따라 포인트가 적립되며, 적립된 포인트로 굿네이버스에 기부도 가능하다.
Vantaa Vocational College Varia is a vocational college located in Vantaa, Finland. It was founded in 1963 and is owned by the City of Vantaa. The college has 4,000 students, including 3,000 young students and 1,000 adult students. It has 320 staff members and six departments across four locations in Vantaa. The college's budget is 33 million euros. It provides vocational education and training programs across various departments, including technology, culture, social and health care, transportation, and electrical engineering. The college aims to offer all young people under age 25 a job, work trial, study place, or rehabilitation within three months of becoming unemployed through Finland's Youth Guarantee
This document reviews transportation and infrastructure improvements as a strategy for urban revitalization. It discusses how transportation projects are implemented in public spaces and often precede private redevelopment. Case studies of projects in Atlanta and Fort Lauderdale show how improvements to walkability, transit access, and aesthetics can spur redevelopment. Success is measured through metrics like increased density, mobility, and livability. Transportation investments can effectively encourage economic development when planned and executed as part of a comprehensive revitalization strategy.
Varian koko henkilöstö keskusteli, siitä mitä Vantaan kaupungin kolme keskeistä arvoa kestävä kehitys, yhteisöllisyys ja innovatiivisuus, tarkoittavat arkipäivän toiminnassa.
This document summarizes and compares different methods for modeling traffic demand, including the traditional four-step model, activity-based models, and microsimulation/agent-based modeling. The four-step model is described as having shortcomings like focusing on aggregate behavior rather than individuals. Activity-based models provide more nuanced modeling by using "tours" rather than trips as the basic unit and considering factors like household interactions. Microsimulation and agent-based modeling simulate individual movements but may not accurately model an entire region. The document examines issues with predicting traffic from new developments and argues newer methods can better account for factors like internal capture rates and parking costs.
The document provides an overview of trends in the Indian insurance sector. It discusses the history and development of insurance in India, including the nationalization of life insurance in 1956 and general insurance in 1972. It then summarizes recent trends like the introduction of unit-linked insurance policies and increasing online sales. The objectives of liberalization policies in 1991 that opened the sector to private companies are outlined. Finally, measures taken by regulators to develop the insurance market and protect policyholders are summarized.
Jama Masjid in Ahmedabad, Gujarat was built in 1424 AD by Sultan Ahmed Shah, the founder of the city. It was the largest mosque in India when constructed and has a unique architectural design with entrances from three sides. The mosque has a large rectangular courtyard surrounded by colonnades on three sides and a prayer hall on the fourth side. The prayer hall has 260 columns and is covered by 15 domes decorated with carvings resembling lotus flowers and bells. The mosque blends both Hindu and Muslim architectural styles.
본 조사를 실행한 리서치패널에이지아코리아는 한국, 중국, 일본, 대만, 전체 약 300만 명의 온라인 조사 패널을 보유한 ResearchPanelAsia(www.researchpanelasia.com)의 한국법인으로 한국에 약 30만 명의 패널을 보유하고 있습니다.
설문조사 응답에 따라 포인트가 적립되며, 적립된 포인트로 굿네이버스에 기부도 가능합니다.
www.panelnow. co.kr
Tel: +82 02-778-6050
This document is an index published by the American Institute for Economic Research (AIER) that ranks 75 metropolitan areas and college towns in the United States based on criteria impacting the student experience. The index measures 12 criteria across four categories: economic health, student life, culture, and opportunity. It provides rankings for major metro areas, mid-size metro areas, small metro areas, and college towns. For each location, it lists data for the 12 criteria, including measures like student concentration, cost of housing, unemployment rate, and median earnings.
Raport z jakości życia w europejskich miastachporanny24
This document summarizes the findings of a survey of over 41,000 residents in 79 European cities and 4 surrounding areas on their perceptions of quality of life. Some key findings include:
- Overall, residents reported high levels of satisfaction with their city, though satisfaction was lower in Athens, Napoli, Palermo and Miskolc. Cleanliness, green spaces, and safety contributed most to satisfaction.
- Satisfaction with public transport varied significantly between cities, from over 90% in Zurich and Rostock to under 50% in Vilnius, Bucharest, Verona and Oulu.
- Other services and facilities like healthcare, sports, cultural and educational facilities also showed wide dispar
This document discusses the pros and cons of multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in the Chinese market through joint ventures with Chinese companies. It notes that MNCs can benefit from China's large market and low production costs. However, challenges include rising labor costs, intellectual property risks, and complying with China's laws and bureaucracy. Joint ventures help MNCs navigate these issues but come with governance complexities. Overall, China remains an important market for MNCs despite the challenges.
This document summarizes health data and outcomes for Polk County, Florida and identifies disparities. It finds that Polk County generally performs worse than the state and region on metrics like unemployment, high school and college graduation rates, poverty, and certain health outcomes. It highlights disparities between racial/ethnic groups in Polk County for many health metrics like cancer rates, diabetes, infant mortality, and more. In conclusion, it notes that while some health outcomes are improving in Polk County, priorities remain in addressing identified disparities and ongoing needs.
The predictive modeling approach on continuous statisticsSergey Soshnikov
Using several Modeling technics as Multiple regression, Decision Trees, Neural Networks and Partial Least Square we found and measured several causal factors that influence the level of alcohol in the Russian society.
An Empirical Study of the Environmental Kuznets Curve for Environment Quality...ijceronline
This paper attempts to examine the determinants of environmental degradation within the framework of Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis using China's city-level panel data from 2003 to 2012. The population agglomeration as well as three types of cities such as municipalities, sub-provincial city and prefecture-level city are considered in our paper. Our empirical results with the whole sample data verified the theory of the EKC hypothesis, which shows a reverse "U" shape between economic growth and environmental pollution. In addition, the effect of population on environmental pollution is quite different among the various types of cities. The results of this study can serve as a useful reference for policy makers in terms of achieving economic and environmental sustainability.
This document summarizes a distracted driving demonstration project conducted in 2010 by the Connecticut Department of Transportation. It describes the types of distracted driving studied (talking to passengers, using GPS, talking on cell phones, texting), how distraction has increased as cell phone use has risen, and efforts being made to address the problem through laws banning certain uses in many states. The project in Connecticut involved an enforcement campaign across multiple cities that collected crash, citation, and survey data to evaluate the impact of targeted distracted driving enforcement and awareness campaigns on driver behavior and safety outcomes.
A moving average analysis of the age distribution andAlexander Decker
This document analyzes road traffic fatality data in Ghana from 2001-2010. It finds:
1) The number of road traffic fatalities is increasing overall and within each age group over the 10-year period.
2) The 16-45 age group accounts for 60.2% of total fatalities, making it the most vulnerable.
3) The number of fatalities is projected to increase from 1,987 in 2010 to 3,677 in 2030 - an 85% rise - if the trend continues.
A moving average analysis of the age distribution andAlexander Decker
This document analyzes road traffic fatality data in Ghana from 2001-2010. It finds that:
1) The number of road traffic fatalities is increasing overall and within each age group over the 10-year period.
2) The age group most at risk is between 16-45 years old, which accounts for 60.2% of total fatalities.
3) Males experience a disproportionately high rate of road traffic fatalities, around 3 times the rate of females.
BenefitsOfShifFromCarToActiveTransport.pdf
Transport Policy 19 (2012) 121–131
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Transport Policy
0967-07
doi:10.1
n Corr
E-m
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tranpol
Benefits of shift from car to active transport
Ari Rabl a,n, Audrey de Nazelle b
a CEP, ARMINES/Ecole des Mines de Paris, 6 av. Faidherbe, 91440 Bures sur Yvette, France
b Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
a r t i c l e i n f o
Available online 4 October 2011
Keywords:
Bicycling
Walking
Life expectancy
Mortality
Air pollution
Accidents
0X/$ - see front matter & 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A
016/j.tranpol.2011.09.008
esponding author.
ail address: [email protected] (A. Rabl).
a b s t r a c t
There is a growing awareness that significant benefits for our health and environment could be
achieved by reducing our use of cars and shifting instead to active transport, i.e. walking and bicycling.
The present article presents an estimate of the health impacts due to a shift from car to bicycling or
walking, by evaluating four effects: the change in exposure to ambient air pollution for the individuals
who change their transportation mode, their health benefit, the health benefit for the general
population due to reduced pollution and the risk of accidents. We consider only mortality in detail,
but at the end of the paper we also cite costs for other impacts, especially noise and congestion. For the
dispersion of air pollution from cars we use results of the Transport phase of the ExternE project series
and derive general results that can be applied in different regions. We calculate the health benefits of
bicycling and walking based on the most recent review by the World Health Organization. For a driver
who switches to bicycling for a commute of 5 km (one way) 5 days/week 46 weeks/yr the health benefit
from the physical activity is worth about 1300 h/yr, and in a large city (4500,000) the value of the
associated reduction of air pollution is on the order of 30 h/yr. For the individual who makes the switch,
the change in air pollution exposure and dose implies a loss of about 20 h/yr under our standard
scenario but that is highly variable with details of the trajectories and could even have the opposite
sign. The results for walking are similar. The increased accident risk for bicyclists is extremely
dependent on the local context; data for Paris and Amsterdam imply that the loss due to fatal accidents
is at least an order of magnitude smaller than the health benefit of the physical activity. An analysis of
the uncertainties shows that the general conclusion about the order of magnitude of these effects is
robust. The results can be used for cost-benefit analysis of programs or projects to increase active
transport, provided one can estimate the number of individuals who make a mode shift.
& 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introdu ...
Varian koko henkilöstö keskusteli, siitä mitä Vantaan kaupungin kolme keskeistä arvoa kestävä kehitys, yhteisöllisyys ja innovatiivisuus, tarkoittavat arkipäivän toiminnassa.
This document summarizes and compares different methods for modeling traffic demand, including the traditional four-step model, activity-based models, and microsimulation/agent-based modeling. The four-step model is described as having shortcomings like focusing on aggregate behavior rather than individuals. Activity-based models provide more nuanced modeling by using "tours" rather than trips as the basic unit and considering factors like household interactions. Microsimulation and agent-based modeling simulate individual movements but may not accurately model an entire region. The document examines issues with predicting traffic from new developments and argues newer methods can better account for factors like internal capture rates and parking costs.
The document provides an overview of trends in the Indian insurance sector. It discusses the history and development of insurance in India, including the nationalization of life insurance in 1956 and general insurance in 1972. It then summarizes recent trends like the introduction of unit-linked insurance policies and increasing online sales. The objectives of liberalization policies in 1991 that opened the sector to private companies are outlined. Finally, measures taken by regulators to develop the insurance market and protect policyholders are summarized.
Jama Masjid in Ahmedabad, Gujarat was built in 1424 AD by Sultan Ahmed Shah, the founder of the city. It was the largest mosque in India when constructed and has a unique architectural design with entrances from three sides. The mosque has a large rectangular courtyard surrounded by colonnades on three sides and a prayer hall on the fourth side. The prayer hall has 260 columns and is covered by 15 domes decorated with carvings resembling lotus flowers and bells. The mosque blends both Hindu and Muslim architectural styles.
본 조사를 실행한 리서치패널에이지아코리아는 한국, 중국, 일본, 대만, 전체 약 300만 명의 온라인 조사 패널을 보유한 ResearchPanelAsia(www.researchpanelasia.com)의 한국법인으로 한국에 약 30만 명의 패널을 보유하고 있습니다.
설문조사 응답에 따라 포인트가 적립되며, 적립된 포인트로 굿네이버스에 기부도 가능합니다.
www.panelnow. co.kr
Tel: +82 02-778-6050
This document is an index published by the American Institute for Economic Research (AIER) that ranks 75 metropolitan areas and college towns in the United States based on criteria impacting the student experience. The index measures 12 criteria across four categories: economic health, student life, culture, and opportunity. It provides rankings for major metro areas, mid-size metro areas, small metro areas, and college towns. For each location, it lists data for the 12 criteria, including measures like student concentration, cost of housing, unemployment rate, and median earnings.
Raport z jakości życia w europejskich miastachporanny24
This document summarizes the findings of a survey of over 41,000 residents in 79 European cities and 4 surrounding areas on their perceptions of quality of life. Some key findings include:
- Overall, residents reported high levels of satisfaction with their city, though satisfaction was lower in Athens, Napoli, Palermo and Miskolc. Cleanliness, green spaces, and safety contributed most to satisfaction.
- Satisfaction with public transport varied significantly between cities, from over 90% in Zurich and Rostock to under 50% in Vilnius, Bucharest, Verona and Oulu.
- Other services and facilities like healthcare, sports, cultural and educational facilities also showed wide dispar
This document discusses the pros and cons of multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in the Chinese market through joint ventures with Chinese companies. It notes that MNCs can benefit from China's large market and low production costs. However, challenges include rising labor costs, intellectual property risks, and complying with China's laws and bureaucracy. Joint ventures help MNCs navigate these issues but come with governance complexities. Overall, China remains an important market for MNCs despite the challenges.
This document summarizes health data and outcomes for Polk County, Florida and identifies disparities. It finds that Polk County generally performs worse than the state and region on metrics like unemployment, high school and college graduation rates, poverty, and certain health outcomes. It highlights disparities between racial/ethnic groups in Polk County for many health metrics like cancer rates, diabetes, infant mortality, and more. In conclusion, it notes that while some health outcomes are improving in Polk County, priorities remain in addressing identified disparities and ongoing needs.
The predictive modeling approach on continuous statisticsSergey Soshnikov
Using several Modeling technics as Multiple regression, Decision Trees, Neural Networks and Partial Least Square we found and measured several causal factors that influence the level of alcohol in the Russian society.
An Empirical Study of the Environmental Kuznets Curve for Environment Quality...ijceronline
This paper attempts to examine the determinants of environmental degradation within the framework of Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis using China's city-level panel data from 2003 to 2012. The population agglomeration as well as three types of cities such as municipalities, sub-provincial city and prefecture-level city are considered in our paper. Our empirical results with the whole sample data verified the theory of the EKC hypothesis, which shows a reverse "U" shape between economic growth and environmental pollution. In addition, the effect of population on environmental pollution is quite different among the various types of cities. The results of this study can serve as a useful reference for policy makers in terms of achieving economic and environmental sustainability.
This document summarizes a distracted driving demonstration project conducted in 2010 by the Connecticut Department of Transportation. It describes the types of distracted driving studied (talking to passengers, using GPS, talking on cell phones, texting), how distraction has increased as cell phone use has risen, and efforts being made to address the problem through laws banning certain uses in many states. The project in Connecticut involved an enforcement campaign across multiple cities that collected crash, citation, and survey data to evaluate the impact of targeted distracted driving enforcement and awareness campaigns on driver behavior and safety outcomes.
A moving average analysis of the age distribution andAlexander Decker
This document analyzes road traffic fatality data in Ghana from 2001-2010. It finds:
1) The number of road traffic fatalities is increasing overall and within each age group over the 10-year period.
2) The 16-45 age group accounts for 60.2% of total fatalities, making it the most vulnerable.
3) The number of fatalities is projected to increase from 1,987 in 2010 to 3,677 in 2030 - an 85% rise - if the trend continues.
A moving average analysis of the age distribution andAlexander Decker
This document analyzes road traffic fatality data in Ghana from 2001-2010. It finds that:
1) The number of road traffic fatalities is increasing overall and within each age group over the 10-year period.
2) The age group most at risk is between 16-45 years old, which accounts for 60.2% of total fatalities.
3) Males experience a disproportionately high rate of road traffic fatalities, around 3 times the rate of females.
BenefitsOfShifFromCarToActiveTransport.pdf
Transport Policy 19 (2012) 121–131
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Transport Policy
0967-07
doi:10.1
n Corr
E-m
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tranpol
Benefits of shift from car to active transport
Ari Rabl a,n, Audrey de Nazelle b
a CEP, ARMINES/Ecole des Mines de Paris, 6 av. Faidherbe, 91440 Bures sur Yvette, France
b Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
a r t i c l e i n f o
Available online 4 October 2011
Keywords:
Bicycling
Walking
Life expectancy
Mortality
Air pollution
Accidents
0X/$ - see front matter & 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A
016/j.tranpol.2011.09.008
esponding author.
ail address: [email protected] (A. Rabl).
a b s t r a c t
There is a growing awareness that significant benefits for our health and environment could be
achieved by reducing our use of cars and shifting instead to active transport, i.e. walking and bicycling.
The present article presents an estimate of the health impacts due to a shift from car to bicycling or
walking, by evaluating four effects: the change in exposure to ambient air pollution for the individuals
who change their transportation mode, their health benefit, the health benefit for the general
population due to reduced pollution and the risk of accidents. We consider only mortality in detail,
but at the end of the paper we also cite costs for other impacts, especially noise and congestion. For the
dispersion of air pollution from cars we use results of the Transport phase of the ExternE project series
and derive general results that can be applied in different regions. We calculate the health benefits of
bicycling and walking based on the most recent review by the World Health Organization. For a driver
who switches to bicycling for a commute of 5 km (one way) 5 days/week 46 weeks/yr the health benefit
from the physical activity is worth about 1300 h/yr, and in a large city (4500,000) the value of the
associated reduction of air pollution is on the order of 30 h/yr. For the individual who makes the switch,
the change in air pollution exposure and dose implies a loss of about 20 h/yr under our standard
scenario but that is highly variable with details of the trajectories and could even have the opposite
sign. The results for walking are similar. The increased accident risk for bicyclists is extremely
dependent on the local context; data for Paris and Amsterdam imply that the loss due to fatal accidents
is at least an order of magnitude smaller than the health benefit of the physical activity. An analysis of
the uncertainties shows that the general conclusion about the order of magnitude of these effects is
robust. The results can be used for cost-benefit analysis of programs or projects to increase active
transport, provided one can estimate the number of individuals who make a mode shift.
& 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introdu ...
Western Alliance Regional Data CollaborationHelen Thompson
Western Alliance Academic Health Science Centre is a partnership of Deakin University, Federation University Australia and 11 health service providers operating across the western region of Victoria. It aims to strengthen existing collaborations by formalising relationships between the partners that have been sustained over the history of the region’s settlement and development.
On 18 July 2016 Western Alliance partners came together for a Regional Data Collaboration Scoping Workshop. This presentation was provided to demonstrate data infrastructure models that have been established in domains outside of health by Federation University Australia's Centre for eResearch and Digital Innovation.
The spatial data and knowledge management infrastructures that underpin CeRDI research partnerships was outlined. Two case studies were also presented - Online Farm Trials Research and Sport and Recreation Spatial.
Like most large, metropolitan cities, the people who live and work in Washington, D.C., are a diverse and growing mix. Since 2010, its population has increased 7.4 percent. The average age is 33.8 years and the average life expectancy is 77.5. On a daily basis, D.C. residents are exposed to a wide range of interconnected health concerns — from crime and hunger, to substance abuse and HIV.
Uc College Essays. Online assignment writing service.Megan Itoh
This document provides instructions for a lab experiment investigating the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas through enzyme catalysis. The experiment will measure the amount of oxygen gas produced to calculate the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Enzymes act as biochemical catalysts by lowering the activation energy of reactions, allowing cells to carry out complex chemical processes at low temperatures. The substrate interacts reversibly with the active site of the enzyme, temporarily reducing the activation energy and allowing products to form.
Identification of road traffic fatal crashes leading factors using principal ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Traffic crash fatalities create primary safety concern beyond the traffic congestion and delay. Therefore, the purpose of this study
is to identify the principal components/factors associated with road traffic crash in the U.S. through retrospective reviewing based
on more than two million records of fatal crashes and 38 years (1975-2012) of National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
official’s Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) database. This study portrays an integrated geographic information system
and SAS application in order to find the major factors forcing traffic crashes. The resulting geospatial analysis and principal
components analysis yielded critical significant factors causing fatal traffic crashes. The outcomes of this research could be used
in transportation safety policy making and planning significantly.
Key Words: Accident Analysis Prevention, Clustering, Crash Hot Spot, Geographic Information Systems, Principal
Components Analysis, and Traffic Crash
The spotlight is on pollsters in the UK, following the performance of the polls at the 2015 General Election. Are we alone in facing this challenge, or is it a global issue? Does the experience in other countries point to what we should be doing in the UK?
Ipsos has many of the leading polling experts from around the world, and we brought them together in London to provide unique combined insight. Our panel members from the US, Canada, Italy and Sweden talked us through the role and challenges of polling in their countries and what we need to do to get it right. They also updated us on the political landscape of their countries, with outlines of the major elections they have recently had, and in the case of the US, the on-going race to the White House.
The document contains data on unpaid parking tickets for diplomats from 145 countries. The data is separated into two groups: developed countries (the first 32) and developing countries (the remaining 113). Overall, the distribution of unpaid tickets for developing countries is more skewed to the right with a higher maximum compared to the developed countries distribution. National income alone does not fully distinguish the two groups in terms of obeying parking laws.
This document presents the findings of a residents' survey conducted in the London Borough of Sutton in 2009. Key findings include:
- Nine in ten residents are satisfied with their local area as a place to live. Crime and public transport are seen as most important for an area, while activities for teenagers and traffic congestion are most in need of improvement.
- Residents feel safer walking alone after dark compared to 2007, and over eight in ten agree people from different backgrounds get along well.
- Satisfaction with Sutton Council remains high, though fewer feel the Council provides value for money or keeps them informed compared to previous years.
The document summarizes key findings from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study, which assessed the prevalence of 291 diseases and injuries and 67 risk factors across 187 countries from 1990 to 2010. It found that ischemic heart disease, HIV/AIDS, and lower respiratory infections caused the most disability-adjusted life years lost globally. The study applied consistent estimation methods to comprehensively measure the health burden and trends in both communicable and non-communicable diseases. It represents an improvement over previous analyses by strengthening statistical methods and expanding the scope of conditions and risk factors considered.
GROWING THROUGH TRANSIT: a plan for transit oriented development in downtown ...John-Mark Palacios
This document provides a plan for transit-oriented development in downtown Fort Lauderdale centered around a proposed passenger rail station on the Florida East Coast Railway line. It begins with an introduction to the study area and context, then discusses transit-oriented development principles. An analysis of the existing conditions finds strengths in connectivity and resources but also opportunities to improve walkability and reduce car dependency. Guiding principles call for improving walkability, celebrating resources, increasing density affordably, and reducing car usage. The plan proposes a vision for the study area and site with a conceptual redevelopment emphasizing a multi-modal, mixed-use environment to better connect the area.
Study to evaluate bicycle and pedestrian connectivity along the A1A/US 1 Corridor between SE 17th St. and Dania Beach Blvd., through the Fort Lauderdale/Hollywood International Airport and Port Everglades, an area notorious for being hazardous to bicycle travel.
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Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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RFP for Reno's Community Assistance CenterThis Is Reno
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2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. ANALYSIS 1
III. T- TEST 2
IV. F – TEST 3
V. SCATTERPLOT / CORRELATION / REGRESSION 6
VI. CONCLUSIONS 11
3. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Page 1
I. INTRODUCTION
The Dangerous by Design report, which highlighted cities across the United
States that were the most dangerous for pedestrians, rocked the state of Florida by
ranking its four largest metropolitan areas as the top 4 cities for pedestrian
fatalities. Analytical readers of this report might wonder whether the state was
doing such a horrible job at protecting pedestrians, or if there are other factors
such as demographics at play. Besides the number of pedestrians killed and the
population, this report only looked at the American Community Survey's Journey
to Work data as a proxy for pedestrians presence on the roadways. While few
people walk to work, many more people walk for leisure or to run errands. We
pulled in data from other sourcesto see how walkability, density, and non-work
walking trips compare and correlate with the pedestrian fatality data.
Walkscore.com is known for its ability to calculate a score for individual
addresses, but it has performed limited analyses of larger areas such as
neighborhoods and cities. The Dangerous by Design report usedmetropolitan
areas as the cases. Since Walkscore did not respond to our request for a
Walkscore for metropolitan areas, we used their listing of walkscore by cities. The
largest city in the metropolitan area was used to represent the walkscore for the
metropolitan area. While this may not be entirely representative of the overall
area, most American cities follow similar patterns of development and any
discrepancy might be expected to be consistent between cities. Included on
Walkscore's list of cities is a top ten list of most walkable cities, so we used this to
create a dichotomous variable of whether a city was on this list.
In order to provide a variable that encompassed the larger metropolitan area, we
used population density obtained from the 2010 census for urbanized areas. While
the pedestrian fatality report may have been performed at the metropolitan
statistical area level, this uses county lines as the boundaries and generally
includes vast swaths of rural lands. Density is more accurately measured within
the contiguous urbanized area, excluding the low-density census blocks that go
from suburban to rural.
The Centers for Disease Control collected data on physical activity for various
metropolitan areas across the country. While this data is not as extensive as the
American Community Survey's, it does provide a more absolute measure of
people walking in these areas. This data was available for fewer metropolitan
areas, so a subset of the cases was used when comparing with this physical
activity data.
II. ANALYSIS
The original Dangerous by Design report included the following variables:
1. Ranking, based on Pedestrian Danger Index
2. Metro Area
3. Total Pedestrian Deaths between 2000 and 2009
4. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Page 2
4. Average annual pedestrian deaths per 100,000 residents (2000-2009)
5. Percent of workers walking to work between 2005 and 2009
6. Pedestrian Danger Index (PDI), calculated with the above variables,
#4 x 100,000 / #5
We have added the following:
7. Walkscore for central city, a value between 0 and 100
8. Population Density of the urbanized area
9. Whether central city is on the "Most Walkable" list
(yes/no represented as 1/0)
10. Name of Central City
11. State of Central City
The above data had 52 cases. The physical activity data with a subset of cases, for
only 36 urban areas out of the 52, included the following variables:
12. Percent of respondentswho reported walking as one of the two most
frequent leisure time activities they participatedin within the past month.
13. Percent of respondents walking at least 5 times a week, 30 minutes per
session, within the past month.
The CDC physical activity was based on surveys with at least 500 respondents.
The following tests were conducted to analyze these variables:
T-test looking for significance between the central city being on the "Most
Walkable" list and the average annual pedestrian deaths
F-test looking at differences in annual pedestrian deaths by state of central
city
F-test looking at differences in any walking by state of central city
Scatterplot and correlation coefficient between annual pedestrian deaths
and walkscore
Correlation coefficients among PDI, walkscore, annual pedestrian deaths,
population density, percent walking any time, and percent walking 5 times
a week
Scatterplot for walkscore vs. annual pedestrian deaths
Scatterplot for percent of people walking any time vs. annual pedestrian
deaths
Regression analysis using those variables with the highest correlation
coefficients
III. T - TESTS - Tests of difference
"Most Walkable" List and the Average Annual Pedestrian Deaths Per 100,000
1. Ho: There is no difference between the average annual pedestrian deaths per
100,000 for those cities on the "Most Walkable" cities list and those not on the
list.
5. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Page 3
H1: There is a difference between the average annual pedestrian deaths for
those cities on the "Most Walkable" cities list and those not on the list.
2. t, w/ 50df.
3. .05
4. t = -0.376, Pr(t) = .708
5. Since pr(t) is > .05, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
* The average annual deathsper 100,000 for those cities on the "Most Walkable"
list is1.59, compared to 1.67 for those off the list. The difference is very small
and there is no evidence to show that it is significant.
T test on list not on list
Mean 1.588888889 1.672093023
Variance 0.361111111 0.364916944
Observations 9 43
Pooled Variance 0.36430801
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
Observed Mean Difference -0.083204134
Df 50
t Stat -0.376066248
P (T<=t) one-tail 0.354229321
t Critical one-tail 1.675905025
P (T<=t) two-tail 0.708458641
t Critical two-tail 2.008559112
Table 1. T-test.
IV. F - TEST - Test of difference
Test 1: Annual Pedestrian Deaths among cities in different states
1. Ho: There is no difference in the average number of annual pedestrian deaths
among the cities of different states.
H1: At least one state's average number of annual pedestrian deaths is different
among all the states.
2. F, with (30) + (21) df.
3. .05
4. F = 6.141; pr (F) = .0000306
6. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Page 4
5. Since pr(F) is < .05,we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative
hypothesis.
* At least one of the means is different. Inspection of the averages shows that
Florida has a very high number of pedestrian deaths, averaging over 3 deaths
per year per 100,000 people.
Table 2. Anova: Single Factor (Test 1)
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
AL 1 1.2 1.2 #DIV/0!
AZ 2 4.6 2.3 0
CA 6 11.7 1.95 0.115
CO 1 1.6 1.6 #DIV/0!
CT 1 1.2 1.2 #DIV/0!
DC 1 1.7 1.7 #DIV/0!
FL 4 12.2 3.05 0.096666667
GA 1 1.6 1.6 #DIV/0!
IL 1 1.4 1.4 #DIV/0!
IN 1 1.1 1.1 #DIV/0!
KY 1 1.6 1.6 #DIV/0!
LA 1 2.4 2.4 #DIV/0!
MA 1 1.1 1.1 #DIV/0!
MD 1 1.8 1.8 #DIV/0!
MI 1 1.8 1.8 #DIV/0!
MN 1 0.8 0.8 #DIV/0!
MO 2 2.6 1.3 0.02
NC 2 3.1 1.55 0.045
NV 1 2.5 2.5 #DIV/0!
NY 3 4.5 1.5 0.13
OH 3 2.5 0.833333333 0.023333333
OK 1 1.4 1.4 #DIV/0!
OR 1 1.2 1.2 #DIV/0!
PA 2 2.8 1.4 0.18
RI 1 1.2 1.2 #DIV/0!
TN 2 3.5 1.75 0.245
TX 4 7.1 1.775 0.0425
UT 1 1.3 1.3 #DIV/0!
VA 2 2.4 1.2 0.08
WA 1 1.2 1.2 #DIV/0!
WI 1 1.1 1.1 #DIV/0!
7. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Page 5
ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F critical
Between
Groups
16.3977564
1 30 0.54659188 6.140934188 0.00003058 2.0102483
Within
Groups
1.86916666
7 21 0.089007937
Total
18.2669230
8 51
Test 2: Differences in Walking for Physical Activity by State
1. Ho: There is no difference in the average percentage of people walking among
the cities of different states.
H1: At least one state's average percentage of people walking is different
among all the states.
2. F, with (28) + (7) df.
3. .05
4. F = 0.927; pr (F) = ..597
5. Since pr(F) is > .05,we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
* There is no evidence to show that there is a difference in the average
percentage of people walking among different states.
8. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Page 6
Table 3. Anova: Single Factor (Test 2)
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
AZ 2 70.7 35.35 10.125
CA 1 38.5 38.5 #DIV/0!
CO 1 42.1 42.1 #DIV/0!
CT 1 40.1 40.1 #DIV/0!
DC 1 40.2 40.2 #DIV/0!
FL 3 101 33.66666667 40.82333333
GA 1 41 41 #DIV/0!
IL 1 36.3 36.3 #DIV/0!
IN 1 41.9 41.9 #DIV/0!
KY 1 36.3 36.3 #DIV/0!
LA 1 32.9 32.9 #DIV/0!
MA 1 41.8 41.8 #DIV/0!
MD 1 39.3 39.3 #DIV/0!
MI 1 40.6 40.6 #DIV/0!
MN 1 37.7 37.7 #DIV/0!
MO 2 75.9 37.95 0.005
NC 1 41 41 #DIV/0!
NV 1 37.5 37.5 #DIV/0!
NY 1 37.8 37.8 #DIV/0!
OH 1 41.4 41.4 #DIV/0!
OK 1 38.5 38.5 #DIV/0!
OR 1 45.1 45.1 #DIV/0!
PA 2 87.9 43.95 0.125
RI 1 40.1 40.1 #DIV/0!
TN 2 79.9 39.95 25.205
TX 2 78.1 39.05 4.805
UT 1 45.1 45.1 #DIV/0!
WA 1 48.5 48.5 #DIV/0!
WI 1 44.2 44.2 #DIV/0!
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F critical
Between Groups 452.0983333 28 16.14636905 0.927102274 0.597200543 3.385786974
Within Groups 121.9116667 7 17.41595238
Total 574.01 35
9. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Page 7
V. SCATTERPLOT/CORRELATION/ REGRESSION - Test of relationship
Scatterplot – Graph
Figure 1. Plot of Walkscore (X axis) vs. Annual Deaths per 100,000 (Y axis)
Since Figure 1 tilts slightly down to the right, it appears that deaths decrease as
walkability increases.
Figure 2. Plot of %Walking (X axis) vs. Annual Deaths per 100,000 (Y axis)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0 20 40 60 80 100
Walkscore for central city
Walkscore for central city
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4
% any walking in the past month
% any walking in the past
month
10. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Page 8
Figure 2 tilts downward to the right, implying that there is a tendency for deaths
to increase as walking decreases.
CORRELATION:
Correlations
Avg. annual
pedestrian
deaths per
100,000 (2000--
2009)
Percent of
workers walking
to work (2005--
2009) PDI
Walkscore
for Central
City
Population
Density
Avg. annual pedestrian deaths
per 100,000 (2000--2009) 1
Percent of workers walking to
work (2005--2009) -0.224210565 1
PDI 0.820076533 -0.653196727 1
Walkscore for central city -0.167115655 0.774097237
-
0.51964851
5 1
Population Density 0.280170762 0.383542089
-
0.08963102
7
0.44331397
8 1
N=52
50 df
R value required for a two-tailed
test with 0.05 significance 0.273
Table 4. Correlation among variables.
Correla
tions
Total pedestrian
deaths (2000--
2009)
Avg. annual
pedestrian
deaths per
100,000
(2000--
2009)
Percent
of
workers
walking
to work
(2005--
2009) PDI
Walkscore
for central
city
Population
Density
% any
walking
in the
past
month
% walk
at least
5 times
per
week,
30 min.
Total
pedestr
ian
deaths
(2000--
2009) 1
Avg.
annual
pedestr
ian
deaths
per
100,00
0
(2000--
2009) 0.33079027 1
Percent
of
worker
s 0.433803879
-
0.21869350
2 1
11. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Page 9
Correla
tions
Total pedestrian
deaths (2000--
2009)
Avg. annual
pedestrian
deaths per
100,000
(2000--
2009)
Percent
of
workers
walking
to work
(2005--
2009) PDI
Walkscore
for central
city
Population
Density
% any
walking
in the
past
month
% walk
at least
5 times
per
week,
30 min.
walking
to work
(2005--
2009)
PDI 0.041281599
0.82361424
4
-
0.670029
555 1
Walksc
ore for
central
city 0.427692706
-
0.19742731
8
0.768320
164
-
0.58
5401
773 1
Populat
ion
Density 0.739550019
0.32113931
6
0.321555
001
-
0.02
5273
485
0.4222473
9 1
% any
walking
in the
past
month -0.300887411
-
0.61718871
5
0.276923
962
-
0.56
1315
22
0.1202255
71
-
0.2441474
74 1
% walk
at least
5 times
per
week,
30 min. -0.001619811
-
0.15241793
1
0.475813
507
-
0.37
4771
483
0.4391754
16
0.0344735
05
0.45808
3911 1
N=36
34 df
R value required for a two-tailed test with 0.05 significance 0.33
Table 5. Correlation among variables in the subset of the data.
REGRESSION:
The Walkscore variable was removed from the final regression model because the p-
value was 0.47, greater than 0.05. Table 6 shows one regression model that endeavors to
account for pedestrian deaths. It takes the form Annual Deaths = 1.566 -23.394 x (% walk
to work) + 0.000217 x (Population Density). Note that the r-value is rather low for this
model, however, implying that it does not account well for the variability.
SUMMARY
OUTPUT
Response
Variable
Avg. annual pedestrian deaths per 100,000 (2000--
2009)
Regression
Statistics
Multiple R 0.455491226
R^2 0.207472257
Standard Error 0.543553
Adjusted R^2 0.175124186
12. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Page 10
Observations 52
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance of F
Regression 2
3.7898797
65
1.894939
882
6.4137
44314 0.003356252
Residual 49
14.477043
31
0.295449
864
Total 51
18.266923
08
Coefficients
Standard
Error t-Statistics
p-
Value Lower 95%
Intercept 1.566014419
0.2334928
1
6.706906
403
1.89E-
08 1.096793051 Upper 95%
Percent of workers
walking to work
(2005--2009)
-
23.39400507
8.2843475
83
-
2.823880
196
0.0068
41321 -40.04202483
2.03523578
7
Population Density 0.000217314 6.97E-05
3.117594
818
0.0030
49027 7.72E-05
-
6.74598531
6
Table 6.Regression model using the full dataset.
Using the subset of the data with fewer metropolitan areas that also included a percent
walking for leisure variable, we were able to create a model that accounted for about 42%
of the variability in annual deaths per 100,000. This time we kept the Walkscore, which
reduces the R value if it is removed. See Table 7. The form of the relationship is Annual
deaths = 4.85 – 0.0769 x (% walking) + 0.000170 x (Population Density) + 0.011 x
(Walkscore)
SUMMARY
OUTPUT
Response
Variable Avg. annual pedestrian deaths per 100,000 (2000--2009)
Regression
Statistics
Multiple R 0.683032844
R^2 0.466533865
Standard Error 0.467002493
Adjusted R^2 0.416521415
Observations 36
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance of F
Regression 3
6.1032997
02
2.0344332
34
9.328354
528 0.000140149
Residual 32
6.9789225
2
0.2180913
29
Total 35
13.082222
22
13. HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Page 11
Coefficients
Standard
Error t-Statistics p-Value Lower 95% Upper 95%
Intercept 4.854104449
0.8732036
64
5.5589602
36 3.91E-06 3.075446789 6.632762108
% any walking in
the past month -0.076929247
0.0207822
18
-
3.7016860
94
0.000803
202 -0.11926124 -0.034597254
Population
Density 0.000169983 8.28E-05
2.0521296
48
0.048413
212 1.26E-06 0.000338707
Walkscore for
central city -0.011052871
0.0061009
55
-
1.8116624
84
0.079433
331 -0.023480109 0.001374367
Table 7. Regression model using the smaller data set.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
The following discusses the conclusions of each test:
1. T – Test
Results of the T-test show that there may not be any difference in the
annual deaths for the more walkable and the less walkable cities..
2. F – Test
Results of the F-test show that Florida has a disproportionately high
number of annual pedestrian deaths. The second F-test also shows that the
percentage of people walking does not appear to significantly change from
state to state.
3. Scatterplot / Correlation / Regression
Scatterplot, Correlation, and Regression tests show that Walkscore,
Population Density, and the proportion of walking (commuters or
residents), all relate to annual pedestrian deaths. The second regression
model seems to have the better fit, exchanging % walking to work for %
walking in general, and utilizing population density and Walkscore. It is
surprising that Population Density has a positive coefficient, however. Our
expectation, especially since density contributes to a higher Walkscore,
was that with higher densities would come fewer pedestrian fatalities. The
reality is that this impact is very slightly positive.